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sciences | A Wisdom Archive on sciences | | sciences A selection of articles related to sciences | |
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sciences, Science, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Fields of science, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Scientific method, Science - What is science?, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Further reading, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Natural sciences, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Social sciences, Science - Textbooks, Organization and practice of science: International Council of Science (ICSU)., For an understanding of how these fields came to be: History of science., See also scientists for catalogs of people active in each of these fields.
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO sciences | | | | |  sciences: Encyclopedia II - The Catholic University of America - Notable alumni
The Catholic University of America - Arts.
Harolyn M. Blackwell, B.M. 1977, soprano, Metropolitan Opera
Philip M. Bosco, B.A. 1957, Tony Award winning actor
Patricia A. Carroll, B.A. 1949, actress, voice of Ursula in Disney’s The Little Mermaid
Laurence Luckinbill, M.F.A. 1958, Emmy award winning producer, writer, actor
Ed McMahon, B.A. 1949, announcer on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" and host of "Star Search"
Martin Puryear, B.A. 1963, sculp ...
See also:The Catholic University of America, The Catholic University of America - Campus, The Catholic University of America - Athletics, The Catholic University of America - Notable alumni, The Catholic University of America - Arts, The Catholic University of America - Media, The Catholic University of America - Science and engineering, The Catholic University of America - Business, The Catholic University of America - Public service and politics, The Catholic University of America - Religion, The Catholic University of America - Academic degrees, The Catholic University of America - School of Architecture and Planning, The Catholic University of America - School of Arts and Sciences, The Catholic University of America - School of Canon Law, The Catholic University of America - School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America - Columbus School of Law, The Catholic University of America - School of Library and Information Science, The Catholic University of America - Benjamin T. Rome School of Music, The Catholic University of America - School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America - School of Philosophy, The Catholic University of America - National Catholic School of Social Service, The Catholic University of America - School of Theology and Religious Studies, The Catholic University of America - Metropolitan College, The Catholic University of America - University Rectors and Presidents, The Catholic University of America - Campus buildings, The Catholic University of America - Residence halls, The Catholic University of America - Academic buildings, The Catholic University of America - Other buildings, The Catholic University of America - Abandoned buildings Read more here: » The Catholic University of America: Encyclopedia II - The Catholic University of America - Notable alumni |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - May 2004 - Events • 28 Gerald Anthony
• 27 Umberto Agnelli
• 22 Richard Biggs
• 20 Len Murray
• 17 Tony Randall
• 17 Ezzedine Salim
• 9 Alan King
• 9 Akhmad Kadyrov
• 8(?) Nick Berg
• 7 Waldemar Milewicz
Other recent deaths
May 2004 - Ongoing events.
Reconstruction of Iraq
– Occupation & Resistance
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Liberal Party of Canada scandal
War on Terrorism
USA 9-11 Commission
Same-Sex M ...
See also:May 2004, May 2004 - Events, May 2004 - Deaths in May, May 2004 - Ongoing events, May 2004 - Election results in May, May 2004 - Related pages, May 2004 - May 31 2004, May 2004 - May 30 2004, May 2004 - May 29 2004, May 2004 - May 28 2004, May 2004 - May 27 2004, May 2004 - May 26 2004, May 2004 - May 25 2004, May 2004 - May 24 2004, May 2004 - May 23 2004, May 2004 - May 22 2004, May 2004 - May 21 2004, May 2004 - May 20 2004, May 2004 - May 19 2004, May 2004 - May 18 2004, May 2004 - May 17 2004, May 2004 - May 16 2004, May 2004 - May 15 2004, May 2004 - May 14 2004, May 2004 - May 13 2004, May 2004 - May 12 2004, May 2004 - May 11 2004, May 2004 - May 10 2004, May 2004 - May 9 2004, May 2004 - May 8 2004, May 2004 - May 7 2004, May 2004 - May 6 2004, May 2004 - May 5 2004, May 2004 - May 4 2004, May 2004 - May 3 2004, May 2004 - May 2 2004, May 2004 - May 1 2004, May 2004 - Events by month Read more here: » May 2004: Encyclopedia II - May 2004 - Events |
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| | | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Function mathematics - Introduction The modern idea of a mathematical function was introduced by Leibniz, and the associated notation y = f(x) was invented by Leonhard Euler, in the 18th century. But the intuitive idea of a function as any rule or procedure that assigns an output to each given input proved to be naive. Joseph Fourier, for example, claimed that every function had a Fourier series, something no mathematician would claim today. The concept of a function was not put on a rigorous basis u ...
See also:Function mathematics, Function mathematics - Introduction, Function mathematics - Functions of more than one variable, Function mathematics - History, Function mathematics - Formal definition, Function mathematics - Domains codomains and ranges, Function mathematics - Injective surjective and bijective functions, Function mathematics - Images and preimages, Function mathematics - Graph of a function, Function mathematics - Examples of functions, Function mathematics - Properties of functions, Function mathematics - Ambiguous functions, Function mathematics - n-ary function: function of several variables, Function mathematics - Composing functions, Function mathematics - Inverse function, Function mathematics - Restrictions and extensions, Function mathematics - Pointwise operations, Function mathematics - Computable and non-computable functions, Function mathematics - Functions from the categorical viewpoint Read more here: » Function mathematics: Encyclopedia II - Function mathematics - Introduction |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - History Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
According to the popular legend, in 1291, representatives of the three forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden signed the Federal Charter. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against the rule by the Habsburgs, who then held the German imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire. At the Battle of Morgarten ...
See also:Switzerland, Switzerland - History, Switzerland - Politics, Switzerland - Direct democracy, Switzerland - Energy politics, Switzerland - Cantons states, Switzerland - Geography, Switzerland - Economy, Switzerland - Demographics, Switzerland - Religion, Switzerland - Culture, Switzerland - Notes Read more here: » Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - History |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Priestley - Leeds On June 23, 1762, Priestley married Mary Wilkinson of Wrexham, and by September 1767 the combination of his finances and her health caused him to relocate to Leeds. He there took charge of the Mill Hill congregation. In Leeds Priestley also published two political works, Essay on the First Principles of Government 1768 and The Present State of Liberty in Great Britain and her Colonies 1769, and also in 1769 Remarks on Dr Blackstone's Commentaries where he defended constitutional rights of dissenters against William Black ...
See also:Joseph Priestley, Joseph Priestley - Early life and education, Joseph Priestley - Warrington, Joseph Priestley - Leeds, Joseph Priestley - Birmingham, Joseph Priestley - London and USA, Joseph Priestley - Honours and extras Read more here: » Joseph Priestley: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Priestley - Leeds |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Notoria The Ars Notoria (The Notable Art) is the fifth and last part of The Lesser Key of Solomon. It was indeed a grimoire known since the Middle Age. The book asserts that this art was revealed by the Creator by means of an angel to King Solomon.
It contains a collection of prayers (some of them divided in several parts) mixed with kabbalistic and magical words in several languages (i.e. Hebrew, Greek, etc., and some inventions), how the prayers must be said, and the relation that these rituals have to the understanding of all ...
See also:The Lesser Key of Solomon, The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Goetia, The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Theurgia Goetia, The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Paulina, The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Almadel, The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Notoria, The Lesser Key of Solomon - External link Read more here: » The Lesser Key of Solomon: Encyclopedia II - The Lesser Key of Solomon - Ars Notoria |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Blaise Pascal - Mature life religion philosophy and literature
Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion.
Biographically, we can say that two basic influences led him to his conversion: sickness and Jansenism. As early as his eighteenth year he suffered from a nervous ailment that left him hardly a day without pain. In 1647 a paralytic attack so disabled him that he could not move without crutches. His head ached, his bowels burned, his legs and feet were continually cold, and required wearisome aids to circulation of the blood; he wore stockings steeped in brandy to warm his fee ...
See also:Blaise Pascal, Blaise Pascal - Early life and education, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Philosophy of mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to the physical sciences, Blaise Pascal - Mature life religion philosophy and literature, Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion, Blaise Pascal - Upon brink of death, Blaise Pascal - The Provincial Letters, Blaise Pascal - Miracle, Blaise Pascal - The Pensées, Blaise Pascal - Last works and death, Blaise Pascal - Legacy, Blaise Pascal - Works, Blaise Pascal - Notes Read more here: » Blaise Pascal: Encyclopedia II - Blaise Pascal - Mature life religion philosophy and literature |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Physical science - Basic principles The foundations of the physical sciences rests upon key concepts and theories, each of which explains and/or models a particular aspect of the behavior of nature. As in other sciences, these key concepts and theories came to discovery using the scientific method.
Natural sciences generally, and physical sciences particularly, tend to be more reductionist sciences, in contrast to the more holistic social sciences; i.e., physical science tends to explain the whole system from the system's fundamental parts, whereas social science tends to explain the whole syste ...
See also:Physical science, Physical science - Branches, Physical science - Basic principles, Physical science - Astronomy, Physical science - Chemistry, Physical science - Earth science, Physical science - Physics, Physical science - Notable physical scientists Read more here: » Physical science: Encyclopedia II - Physical science - Basic principles |
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| | | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - History Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
According to the popular legend, in 1291, representatives of the three forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden signed the Federal Charter. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the Habsburgs, who then held the German imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire. At the Battle of Morga ...
See also:Switzerland, Switzerland - History, Switzerland - Politics, Switzerland - Direct democracy, Switzerland - Energy politics, Switzerland - Cantons states, Switzerland - Geography, Switzerland - Economy, Switzerland - Demographics, Switzerland - Culture Read more here: » Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - History |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Nature - Philosophy of Nature
Nature - Metaphysics.
In philosophy, the view that the material world of atoms, animals, gravity, stars, wind, microbes, etc., actually exist independently of our observations of them is termed realism; the opposing view is called idealism.
Nature - The natural and the artificial.
A distinction is often drawn between the "natural" and the "artificial" (="man-made"). Can such a distinction be justified? One approach is to exclude mind from the realm of the natural; another is to ...
See also:Nature, Nature - Scientific divisions of Nature, Nature - Nature outside Earth and its atmosphere, Nature - Life, Nature - Chemicals, Nature - Matter and force, Nature - Earth, Nature - Philosophy of Nature, Nature - Metaphysics, Nature - The natural and the artificial, Nature - Beauty in Nature, Nature - Related concepts Read more here: » Nature: Encyclopedia II - Nature - Philosophy of Nature |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - University of Bath - History Despite being granted university status merely forty years ago, the University of Bath can trace its roots to a technical school established in Bristol 100 years earlier, the Bristol Trade School of 1856. In 1885, the school became part of the Society of Merchant Venturers, and was renamed the Merchant Venturers' Technical College. Meanwhile, in the neighbouring city of Bath, a pharmaceutical school, the Bath School of Pharmacy was founded in 1907. This ...
See also:University of Bath, University of Bath - History, University of Bath - Campus and facilities, University of Bath - Academics and courses, University of Bath - Admissions and students, University of Bath - Housing and transport, University of Bath - Sports and recreation, University of Bath - Societies, University of Bath - Student media, University of Bath - Future expansion Read more here: » University of Bath: Encyclopedia II - University of Bath - History |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Bennington College - Pop Culture Bennington College has been home to many prolific authors, famous individuals and pop culture references. Prominent faculty and alumni include Carol Channing, Anne Waldman, Carolyn Cassady, Jamaica Kincaid, Allen Shawn, Martha Graham, Helen Frankenthaler, Bernard Malamud, Camille Paglia, Bret Easton Ellis, Bill Dixon, Jonathan Lethem, Donna Tartt, Harvey Lichtenstein, Milford Graves, Andrea Dworkin, Peter Dinklage, Mary Oliver, Philip Wofford, Mary Early, Bruce Berman (Chairman and CEO of Village Roadshow Pictures; executive producer of The ...
See also:Bennington College, Bennington College - History, Bennington College - Public image, Bennington College - Education style, Bennington College - Pop Culture Read more here: » Bennington College: Encyclopedia II - Bennington College - Pop Culture |
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| | | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - University of Cambridge - General information The thirty-one colleges of the university are technically institutions independent of the university itself and enjoy considerable autonomy. For example, colleges decide which students they are to admit, and appoint their own fellows (senior members). They are responsible for the domestic arrangements and welfare of students and for small group teaching, referred to at the university as supervisions. In Cambridge, "the uni ...
See also:University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge - General information, University of Cambridge - History, University of Cambridge - Research and Teaching, University of Cambridge - Admission, University of Cambridge - Sports and recreation, University of Cambridge - Myths and legends, University of Cambridge - Miscellaneous, University of Cambridge - Colleges, University of Cambridge - Cambridge University in literature & popular culture, University of Cambridge - Fiction, University of Cambridge - Non-fiction, University of Cambridge - Selected notable alumni, University of Cambridge - University activities, University of Cambridge - History and traditions, University of Cambridge - Societies and leisure activities, University of Cambridge - Organisations and institutions associated with the university Read more here: » University of Cambridge: Encyclopedia II - University of Cambridge - General information |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Theory - Science In scientific usage, a theory does not mean an unsubstantiated guess or hunch, as it does in other contexts. Neither is a scientific theory a fact. Scientific theories are never proven to be true, but can be disproven. All scientific understanding takes the form of hypotheses, theories, or laws.
Theories are typically ways of explaining why things happen, often, but not always after their occurrence is no longer in scientific dispute. In referring to the "theory of global warming" for example, the worldwide ...
See also:Theory, Theory - Etymology, Theory - Science, Theory - Models, Theory - Types of theories, Theory - Further explanation of a scientific theory, Theory - Characteristics, Theory - Mathematics, Theory - Other fields, Theory - List of famous theories, Theory - Reference Read more here: » Theory: Encyclopedia II - Theory - Science |
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| | | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Cryogenics - Industrial Application Liquefied gases, such as liquid nitrogen and liquid helium, are used in many cryogenic applications. Liquid nitrogen is the most commonly used element in cryogenics and is legally purchaseable around the world. Liquid helium is also commonly used and allows for the lowest attainable temperatures to be reached.
These gases are held in either special containers known as Dewar flasks, which are generally about six feet tall (1.8 m) and three feet (90 cm) in diameter, or giant tanks in larger commercial operations. Dewar flasks are named ...
See also:Cryogenics, Cryogenics - Definitions/Distinctions, Cryogenics - Etymology, Cryogenics - Industrial Application, Cryogenics - Cryogenic processing, Cryogenics - Fuels, Cryogenics - Detectors, Cryogenics - Notes Read more here: » Cryogenics: Encyclopedia II - Cryogenics - Industrial Application |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints Evolutionary creationism is a variant of creationism which accepts microevolution and macroevolution while retaining a theistic interpretation of evolution. Theistic evolution is accepted (or at least not rejected) by major Christian churches, including Roman Catholicism; some Judaism denominations; and other religious organizations that lack a literalist stance concerning holy scriptures. With this approach toward evolution, scriptural creation stories are typically interpreted as being allegorical in nature. Many individuals stress the unreliability of Genesis as a scientific text ...
See also:Theistic evolution, Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints, Theistic evolution - Deism, Theistic evolution - Other variants, Theistic evolution - Christianity, Theistic evolution - Christian Justification for Evolution, Theistic evolution - Islam, Theistic evolution - Judaism, Theistic evolution - Evolutionary biologists who were also theists, Theistic evolution - Criticisms of theistic evolution Read more here: » Theistic evolution: Encyclopedia II - Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints |
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| | | | | sciences: Encyclopedia II - United States Air Force Academy - History
United States Air Force Academy - Establishment.
Although airpower advocates had been pushing for a separate air force academy during previous decades, it was not until the late 1940s that the concept of the United States Air Force Academy began to take shape. In January 1950, the Service Academy Board, headed by Dwight D. Eisenhower, then president of Columbia University, concluded that the needs of the Air Force could not be met by the two existing U.S. service aca ...
See also:United States Air Force Academy, United States Air Force Academy - History, United States Air Force Academy - Establishment, United States Air Force Academy - The Early Years, United States Air Force Academy - Vietnam, United States Air Force Academy - Women at the Academy, United States Air Force Academy - Controversy, United States Air Force Academy - Campus and facilities, United States Air Force Academy - Buildings in the Cadet Area, United States Air Force Academy - Displays and memorials, United States Air Force Academy - Other locations on campus, United States Air Force Academy - The Honor Code and character education, United States Air Force Academy - Military organization and training, United States Air Force Academy - Academics, United States Air Force Academy - Athletics, United States Air Force Academy - Admissions, United States Air Force Academy - Notable graduates, United States Air Force Academy - Sources Read more here: » United States Air Force Academy: Encyclopedia II - United States Air Force Academy - History |
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