Science and invention in Birmingham

1738: Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, patent the Roller Spinning machine and the flyer-and-bobbin system, for drawing Wool to a more even thickness. Using two sets of rollers that travelled at different speeds this was later to be used in the first Cotton spinning Mill during the Industrial Revolution. 1742: Paul and Wyatt open a mill in Birmingham which uses their new rolling machine powered by the humble Donkey, this is not profitable and soon closes. 1743: A factory is opened in Northampton, fifty spindles turn on five of Paul and Wyatt's machines pr ...

See also:

Science and invention in Birmingham, Science and invention in Birmingham - 18th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 19th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 20th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 21st century

Read more here: » Science and invention in Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Science and invention in Birmingham - 18th century

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the English West Midlands. It is commonly considered to be England's "second city" and is the largest of England's core cities. The City of Birmingham has a population of 992,400 (2004 estimate). It also forms part of the large West Midlands conurbation, which has a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census) and includes several neighbouring towns and cities, such as Sutton Coldfield, Solihull, Wolverhampton, the towns of the Black ...

Including:

• Birmingham - History
• Birmingham - Geography
• Birmingham - Economy
• Birmingham - Architecture
• Birmingham - Politics
• Birmingham - Places of interest
• Birmingham - Famous residents
• Birmingham - Transport
• Birmingham - Education
• Birmingham - Sport
• Birmingham - Food & drink
• Birmingham - Culture and arts
• Birmingham - Popular music
• Birmingham - Classical music
• Birmingham - Theatre
• Birmingham - Literature
• Birmingham - Visual art
• Birmingham - Festivals and shows
• Birmingham - Film and media
• Birmingham - Science and invention
• Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia - Birmingham

Birmingham has a recorded history going back 1000 years. In this time, it has grown from a tiny Anglo-Saxon farming village into a major industrial and commercial city. The Birmingham area was occupied in Roman times, with several military roads and a large fort. Birmingham started life as a small Anglo-Saxon hamlet in the Early Middle Ages. It was first recorded in written documents by the Domesday Book of 1086 as a small village, worth only 20 shillings. In the 12th century, Birmingham was granted a charter to hold a market, ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - History

Birmingham has a recorded history going back 1000 years. In this time, it has grown from a tiny Anglo-Saxon farming village into a major industrial and commercial city. The Birmingham area was occupied in Roman times, with several military roads and a large fort. Birmingham started life as a small Anglo-Saxon hamlet in the Early Middle Ages. It was first recorded in written documents by the Domesday Book of 1086 as a small village, worth only 20 shillings. In the 12th century, Birmingham was granted a charter to hold a market, ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - History

Neville Chamberlain, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Ozzy Osbourne are a few of the many famous names associated with Birmingham. For a larger list see List of famous residents of Birmingham ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Famous residents

Birmingham City Council is the largest local authority in the UK with, following a reorganisation of boundaries in June 2004, 120 councillors representing just under one million people, in 40 wards. After the election of 10 June 2004, there is no overall control, with the 120 seats being divided between the Labour, (53 councillors), Conservative (39) and Liberal Democrat ("Lib-Dem", 28) parties. There is a Conservative/Lib-Dem coalition, with Conservative ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Politics

Although Birmingham has existed as a settlement for over a thousand years, today's city is overwhelmingly a product of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as the real growth of the city began with the Industrial Revolution. Consequently, relatively few buildings survive from its earlier history. Traces of medieval Birmingham can be seen in the oldest churches, notably the original parish church, St Martin's in the Bullring, where a church has stood since at least the 12th century. The current church (begun around 1290) was extensively ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Architecture

Due in part to its central location in England, Birmingham is a major transport hub on the motorway, rail, and canal networks. It is served by a number of major roads, including the M5, M6, M6 Toll, M40, and M42 motorways. Junction 6 of the M6 is also one of Birmingham's most famous landmarks, and probably the most famous motorway junction in the UK: Spaghetti Junction, officially called the Gravelly Hill Interchange. Local public transport is by bus, local train and tram (the Midland Metro light railway system between the city ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Transport

Birmingham has three universities: the University of Birmingham, Aston University and the University of Central England (UCE). It also has two other higher education colleges (Newman College and the Birmingham College of Food, Tourism and Creative Studies). The Birmingham Conservatoire and Birmingham School of Acting, both now part of UCE, offer higher education in the arts. The city council is England's largest local education authority, directly or indirectly responsible for 25 nursery schools, 328 primary schools, 77 secondary scho ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Education

Local inventions and notable firsts include: gas lighting, roller skate wheels, the Baskerville Font, questionnaires, Custard powder, foam rubber, the magnetron (the core component in the development of radar and microwave ovens), the UK electroplating industry, the first ever use of radiography in an operation, and the UK's first ever hole-in-the-heart operation, at Birmingham Children's Hospital. Among the city's notable scientists and inventors are: Matthew Boulton, proprietor of the Soho engineering works. Si ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Science and invention

Due in part to its central location in England, Birmingham is a major transport hub on the motorway, rail, and canal networks. It is served by a number of major roads, including the M5, M6, M6 Toll, M40, and M42 motorways. Local public transport is by bus, local train and tram (the Midland Metro light railway system between the city centre and Wolverhampton). The number 11A and 11C outer circle bus routes are the longest urban bus routes in Europe. The city's main station, Birmingham New Street, is at the centre of the national ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Transport

Birmingham - Popular music. Although its music scene is not as renowned as those of Liverpool or Manchester, Birmingham has had a vibrant and varied musical history over the last half-century. In the 1960s, the "Brum Beat" era featured blues and early progressive rock bands such as The Fortunes, Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, The Move and The Moody Blues. The city is often described as the birthplace of heavy metal music, with Judas Priest and Black Sabbath coming from Birmingham. Robert Plant and John Bo ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Culture and arts

Birmingham based Breweries included Ansells, Davenports and Mitchells & Butlers. Aston Manor Brewery is currently the only brewery of any significant size. Many fine Victorian pubs and bars can still be found across the city. The oldest inn in Birmingham is the Old Crown in Deritend (circa 1450). The Anchor Inn (1797), is also nearby in Digbeth. Famous food brands from Birmingham include Typhoo tea, Birds custard, Blue Bird Toffee, Bournville cocoa, Cadbury chocolate, an ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Food & drink

A cricket club was in existence in Birmingham as early as 1745, and today the city is home to Warwickshire County Cricket Club whose ground at Edgbaston is also a venue for international test matches. International athletics meetings take place at the open-air Alexander Stadium in Perry Barr, the home of Birchfield Harriers athletic club, which numbers many Olympic medallists among its past and present members. The National Indoor Arena (NIA) meanwhile is a major indoor athletics stadium and in 2003 hosted the 9th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Sport

Birmingham is an important manufacturing and engineering centre, employing over 100,000 people in industry and contributing billions of pounds to the national economy. Over a quarter of the UK's exports originate in the greater Birmingham area. Birmingham's industrial heritage predates the Industrial Revolution, and up until the 20th Century the city maintained a tradition of individual craftsmen, sometimes working independently in their own back yards or on piecework rates in rented workshops, alongside larger factories. During the I ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Economy

The city of Birmingham is situated on an area of high ground, around 150-200 metres above sea level. The main north-south watershed of Britain actually passes through Birmingham. This high ground makes Birmingham prone to tornadoes which were witnessed in mid-2005 To the south west of the city lie the Clent Hills and Walton Hill, which reach 315 m and have good views over the city. ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Geography

Birmingham City Council is the largest local authority in the UK with, following a reorganisation of boundaries in June 2004, 120 councillors representing just under one million people, in 40 wards. After the election of 10 June 2004, there is no overall control, with the 120 seats being divided between the Labour, (53 councillors), Conservative (39) and Liberal Democrat ("Lib-Dem", 28) parties. There is a Conservative/Lib-Dem coalition, with Conservative ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Politics

Although Birmingham has existed as a settlement for over a thousand years, today's city is overwhelmingly a product of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as the real growth of the city began with the Industrial Revolution. Consequently, relatively few buildings survive from its earlier history. Traces of medieval Birmingham can be seen in the oldest churches, notably the original parish church, St Martin's in the Bullring, where a church has stood since at least the 12th century. The current church (begun around 1290) was extensively ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Architecture

Birmingham is an important manufacturing and engineering centre, employing over 100,000 people in industry and contributing billions of pounds to the national economy. Over a quarter of the UK's exports originate in the greater Birmingham area. Birmingham's industrial heritage predates the Industrial Revolution, and up until the 20th Century the city maintained a tradition of individual craftsmen, sometimes working independently in their own back yards or on piecework rates in rented workshops, alongside larger factories. During the I ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Economy

The city of Birmingham is situated on an area of high ground, around 150-200 metres above sea level. The main north-south watershed of Britain actually passes through Birmingham. This high ground makes Birmingham prone to tornadoes which were witnessed in mid-2005 To the south west of the city lie the Clent Hills and Walton Hill, which reach 315 m and have good views over the city. ...

See also:

Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities

Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Geography