Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada · Oslo · 2nd I ...

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ZAKA, ZAKA - Early history, ZAKA - Growing public recognition, ZAKA - Recent history

Read more here: » ZAKA: Encyclopedia II - ZAKA - Early history

The kidnappers demanded transportation to Cairo. The authorities feigned agreement and at 10:10 p.m. two helicopters transported both the kidnappers and their hostages to nearby Fürstenfeldbruck airbase, where a Boeing 727 aircraft was waiting. The kidnappers believed they were on their way to Riem, the international airport near Munich. The authorities planned an assault on the kidnappers at the airport. Five German snipers, none of whom had any special training, were chosen to shoot the kidnappers. All had been chosen simply becaus ...

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Munich massacre, Munich massacre - The hostage-taking, Munich massacre - Demands, Munich massacre - Failed rescue, Munich massacre - Impact on the Games, Munich massacre - Aftermath, Munich massacre - Operation Wrath of God and Operation Spring of Youth, Munich massacre - Vengeance and Munich, Munich massacre - Surviving kidnappers

Read more here: » Munich massacre: Encyclopedia II - Munich massacre - Failed rescue

Politics of Israel - Knesset. Main articles: Knesset, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Politics of Israel, Politics of Israel - Legislative branch, Politics of Israel - Knesset, Politics of Israel - Electoral system, Politics of Israel - Israeli judicial system, Politics of Israel - Secular courts, Politics of Israel - Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Non-Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Political conditions, Politics of Israel - Recent Prime Ministers and governments, Politics of Israel - Begin 1977-1983 and Shamir 1983-1984, Politics of Israel - Peres 1984-1986 and Shamir 1986-1990, Politics of Israel - Shamir 1990-1992, Politics of Israel - Rabin 1992-1995, Politics of Israel - Peres 1995-1996, Politics of Israel - Netanyahu 1996-1999, Politics of Israel - Barak 1999-2001, Politics of Israel - Sharon 2001- present, Politics of Israel - Other political groups, Politics of Israel - Political right, Politics of Israel - Political left, Politics of Israel - Interest groups, Politics of Israel - Others, Politics of Israel - Political issues, Politics of Israel - International organization participation, Politics of Israel - Districts, Politics of Israel - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Politics of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Israel - Legislative branch

Following Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel in 1978, 348 Israeli military reserves officers petitioned Israel's prime minister, Menachem Begin, urging him to continue with the drive for peace. This petition lead to the creation of Peace Now, a grassroots movement dedicated to raising public support for the peace process. At a rally held in Tel-Aviv's Kikar Malkhei Israel (later renamed Kikar Rabin after Yitzhak Rabin), demonstrators called on prime minister Begin to make peace with Egypt, in exchange f ...

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Peace Now, Peace Now - History, Peace Now - Criticism, Peace Now - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Peace Now: Encyclopedia II - Peace Now - History

Israeli music is an integral part of society. Many of the most popular songs are called Shierei Eretz Israel Hay'shana Ve Hatova [Ereẓ Yiśrāʼēl hay-yəshānāh wə-haṭ-ṭoḇāh, ארץ ישׂראל הישנה והטובה] (Songs of the Good Old Land of Israel), and are Hebrew songs set to Russian and Slavic melodies. The youth and kibbutz movements have played a major role in Israeli musical development, and in ...

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Music of Israel, Music of Israel - History, Music of Israel - Styles, Music of Israel - National/Folk Music, Music of Israel - Classical music, Music of Israel - Rock, Music of Israel - Pop, Music of Israel - Heavy metal and alternative rock, Music of Israel - Ethnic music, Music of Israel - Mizrahi music, Music of Israel - Hip hop and rap, Music of Israel - Trance

Read more here: » Music of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Music of Israel - History

The President is elected by an absolute majority by the Knesset (the Israeli parliament). As of the third round of voting, if no candidate receives an absolute majority, a simple majority is enough. A president's full term is seven years. A president cannot be re-elected to a second term. Until recently, the president was elected for a five-year term, and was allowed to serve up to two terms in office. Any Israeli citizen who is a resident of the State is eligible to be a presidential candidate. The office falls vacant upon resignatio ...

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President of Israel, President of Israel - Election, President of Israel - Presidential powers and roles, President of Israel - List of Israeli Presidents

Read more here: » President of Israel: Encyclopedia II - President of Israel - Election

The following is a synopsis of the treaty's thirty articles: Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 1: Peace established. Peace is established between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 2: Mutual recognition. Recognise and respect each other's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence. The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan is in harmony with the State Of Israel. < ...

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Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Background to negotiations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The negotiation of the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The signing of the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Trade treaty of 1996, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Main principles in the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Preamble of the treaty: Desire for peace, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Articles of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 1: Peace established, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 2: Mutual recognition, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 3: Borders, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 4: Security cooperation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 5: Diplomatic relations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 6: Water resources, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 7: Economic cooperation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 8: Refugees, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 9: Holy places, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 10: Culture and science, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 11: Stop propaganda, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 12: Drugs and crime, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 13: Roads, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 14: Freedom of the sea, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 15: Air travel, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 16: Communications, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 17: Tourism, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 18: Environment, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 19: Energy, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 20: Rift Valley, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 21: Health, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 22: Agriculture, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 23: Aqaba-Eilat, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 24: Claims commission, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 25: Obligations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 26: Legislation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 27: Ratification, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 28: Interim measures, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 29: Dispute resolution, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 30: Registration with UN, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annexes of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 1: Borders, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 2: Water, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 3: Crime and drugs, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 4: Environment, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 5: Interim measures, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Agreed minutes of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace: Encyclopedia II - Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Articles of the treaty

National Religious Party - Main principles. Mafdal is a Zionist party and states that Israel is a "Jewish democratic state". Mafdal's main goal is to contribute as much as it can to the state of Israel and influence its character to be more Jewish, as well as fighting for the protection of Israel and maintaining Israel's security. The core belief "the Land of Israel for the People of Israel according to the Torah of Israel" commits the N.R.P. to doing everything possible to further the security an ...

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National Religious Party, National Religious Party - Religious Zionism: Background, National Religious Party - History, National Religious Party - The Ideology of the Mafdal, National Religious Party - Main principles, National Religious Party - Religion and state, National Religious Party - The Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the settlements, National Religious Party - Social issues and welfare, National Religious Party - Members and supporters, National Religious Party - Knesset members, National Religious Party - Supporters, National Religious Party - Criticism, National Religious Party - Current status, National Religious Party - 2003 government, National Religious Party - The disengagement plan, National Religious Party - The split

Read more here: » National Religious Party: Encyclopedia II - National Religious Party - The Ideology of the Mafdal

Supreme Court of Israel - Appointment. Supreme Court Justices, as well as all other judges, are appointed by the President of the State upon the nomination of “the Judges’ Nominations Committee”. The Nominations Committee is composed of nine members: three Justices of the Supreme Court (including the President of the Court among them), two Ministers (one of them being the Minister of Justice), two Members of the Knesset and two representatives of the Israel Bar Association. The Minist ...

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Supreme Court of Israel, Supreme Court of Israel - Judges, Supreme Court of Israel - Appointment, Supreme Court of Israel - Qualifications, Supreme Court of Israel - Number of Judges, Supreme Court of Israel - Current Justices, Supreme Court of Israel - Powers, Supreme Court of Israel - Appellate Court, Supreme Court of Israel - High Court of Justice, Supreme Court of Israel - Further Hearing, Supreme Court of Israel - Retrial, Supreme Court of Israel - Composition, Supreme Court of Israel - Presiding Judge

Read more here: » Supreme Court of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Supreme Court of Israel - Judges

Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93. Main articles: Madrid Conference of 1991 and Oslo Accords. In 1991, just after the First Gulf War, a breakthrough occurred when US president George H.W. Bush called a conference in Madrid, Spain, dubbed the Madrid Peace Conference of 1991. Talks continued in Washington, DC, but with few results, and were replaced by a series of clandestine meetings between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators hosted by Norway. T ...

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Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Palestinian views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Israeli views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - American views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Obstacles arising on both sides, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Camp David 2000 Summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Beirut summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Road Map for peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Alternative peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - List of peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Other peace projects, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Encyclopedia II - Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace

Kibbutz - Origins. Conditions were hard for all subjects of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but they were especially difficult for Jews. It was the official policy of the Russian government to "cause one-third of the Jews to emigrate, one-third to accept baptism, and one-third to starve." Except for a wealthy few, Jews could not leave the Pale of Settlement; within the Pale of Settlement, Jews could neither live in large cities, such as Kiev, nor any village with fewer than 500 resid ...

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Kibbutz, Kibbutz - History, Kibbutz - Origins, Kibbutz - The Second Aliya and founding the first kibbutzim, Kibbutz - Kibbutzim during the British Mandate, Kibbutz - Kibbutzim in Israeli statebuilding, Kibbutz - Kibbutzim in independent Israel, Kibbutz - About, Kibbutz - Ideology of the kibbutz movement, Kibbutz - Communal life, Kibbutz - Psychological aspects, Kibbutz - Kibbutz and child rearing, Kibbutz - Kibbutz economics, Kibbutz - Future, Kibbutz - Decline of the kibbutz movement, Kibbutz - Prospects, Kibbutz - Legacy

Read more here: » Kibbutz: Encyclopedia II - Kibbutz - History

Kadima - Awaiting a political big bang. The political tug-of-war between Ariel Sharon and his right-wing supporters, both within the Likud and outside of it, was an on-going subject of speculation in recent Israeli politics and in the Israeli media. An expectation that Sharon would quit his own party to form a new party composed of his Likud allies and open the door to politicians from other parties to quit their own parties to join the new party was dubbed the "big bang" (hamapatz hagadol) of Israeli poli ...

See also:

Kadima, Kadima - Kadima's platform, Kadima - Political objectives and policies, Kadima - Birth of the new party, Kadima - Awaiting a political big bang, Kadima - Split from Likud, Kadima - Background to the split, Kadima - Internal opposition within the Likud, Kadima - The resignation of Labour ministers, Kadima - Naming the new party, Kadima - Further developments, Kadima - Doubts following Sharon's medical problems, Kadima - Membership, Kadima - Former Likud members, Kadima - Former Labour members, Kadima - Former members of other parties, Kadima - Other prominent figures

Read more here: » Kadima: Encyclopedia II - Kadima - Birth of the new party

Shabak - Foundation. With the declaration of Israeli Independence, the Shin Bet was founded, as a branch of the Israel Defense Forces, and was headed by Isser Harel (the father of Israeli Intelligence, who later headed the Mossad). Responsibility for Shin Bet activity was later moved from the IDF to the office of the prime minister. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war that was declared against Israel following the Israeli independence, the Shin Bet's responsibility included only internal security affairs. It ...

See also:

Shabak, Shabak - Duties and roles, Shabak - Legal status and methods, Shabak - History, Shabak - Foundation, Shabak - Early days, Shabak - After the Six Day War, Shabak - Years of crisis, Shabak - During the al-Aqsa Intifada, Shabak - Current events, Shabak - Rising Profile, Shabak - Criticism, Shabak - Lists and tables, Shabak - Important events in Shabak history, Shabak - Heads of the Shabak

Read more here: » Shabak: Encyclopedia II - Shabak - History

Critics claim that the Law of Return is part of a larger system of discrimination ("institutional apartheid"), whereby Israeli Jews are given superior civil and social rights over Israeli Arabs. They further claim that the purpose of the Law of Return runs counter to the claims of a democratic state. Others point to the fact that some countries explicitly bar Jews from obtaining or maintaining citizenship in their respective constitutions. The Israeli constitution explicitly states the exact opposite: that Jewish foreigners along with their relatives are eligible for positive discrimination beca ...

See also:

Law of Return, Law of Return - The Law, Law of Return - Controversy, Law of Return - Applicability

Read more here: » Law of Return: Encyclopedia II - Law of Return - Controversy

Transportation in Israel - Mediterranean Sea. Ashdod Ashkelon Hadera Haifa Herzliyya Tel Aviv-Yafo Transportation in Israel - Red Sea. On the Gulf of Aqaba: Eilat ...

See also:

Transportation in Israel, Transportation in Israel - Highways, Transportation in Israel - Pipelines, Transportation in Israel - Ports and harbors, Transportation in Israel - Mediterranean Sea, Transportation in Israel - Red Sea, Transportation in Israel - Merchant marine, Transportation in Israel - Airports, Transportation in Israel - Airports with paved runways, Transportation in Israel - Airports with unpaved runways, Transportation in Israel - Heliports, Transportation in Israel - Railways, Transportation in Israel - Railway links with adjacent countries

Read more here: » Transportation in Israel: Encyclopedia II - Transportation in Israel - Ports and harbors

List of political parties in Israel - Parties with representation in the 16th Knesset הכנסת ה-16. Main articles: Knesset, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and See also:

List of political parties in Israel, List of political parties in Israel - The parties, List of political parties in Israel - Parties with representation in the 16th Knesset הכנסת ה-16, List of political parties in Israel - Other parties, List of political parties in Israel - Former parties, List of political parties in Israel - Zionist youth movement, List of political parties in Israel - External link

Read more here: » List of political parties in Israel: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties in Israel - The parties

UTJ was always a coalition of two factions: The Degel HaTorah ("Flag of Torah") party that is guided by the rabbinic heads of Haredi Ashkenazi Jews who are Mitnagdim (those who were not, and were often historically opposed to, Hasidism). The Agudat Yisrael ("Union [of] Israel") party that is guided by the followers of Hasidism in Israel, and also consisting of Ashkenazi Jews. Degel HaTorah's pre-eminent sage and guide is presently Rabbi Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, well into his 90s, who lives in Jerusale ...

See also:

United Torah Judaism, United Torah Judaism - Formation of the Party, United Torah Judaism - 2004 Split, United Torah Judaism - Hints of Reunification, United Torah Judaism - Sources

Read more here: » United Torah Judaism: Encyclopedia II - United Torah Judaism - Formation of the Party

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada ...

See also:

List of Israelis, List of Israelis - Historical figures, List of Israelis - Politicians, List of Israelis - Military, List of Israelis - Activists, List of Israelis - Criminals, List of Israelis - Cultural figures, List of Israelis - Film TV and stage, List of Israelis - Popular musicians, List of Israelis - Classical musicians, List of Israelis - Writers, List of Israelis - Artists, List of Israelis - Academic figures, List of Israelis - Computing and mathematics, List of Israelis - Physics and chemistry, List of Israelis - Biology and medicine, List of Israelis - Engineering, List of Israelis - Philosophy, List of Israelis - Social sciences, List of Israelis - Entrepreneurs, List of Israelis - High-tech, List of Israelis - Other, List of Israelis - Sports, List of Israelis - Basketball, List of Israelis - Football Soccer, List of Israelis - Tennis, List of Israelis - Other

Read more here: » List of Israelis: Encyclopedia II - List of Israelis - Historical figures

In the early 1950s the United States began pressuring the British to withdraw from the Suez Canal, abandoning two operative treaties, the Convention of Constantinople and the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 that made the canal a neutral zone under British control. Israel was strongly opposed to the British withdrawal, as it feared that it would remove a moderating effect on Nasser's military ambitions, especially toward Israel, but diplomatic methods failed to sway the British. In the summer of 1954 Colonel Benyamin Gibli, the chief of Israel' ...

See also:

Lavon Affair, Lavon Affair - Operation Suzannah, Lavon Affair - Political aftermath, Lavon Affair - Legacy, Lavon Affair - Notes

Read more here: » Lavon Affair: Encyclopedia II - Lavon Affair - Operation Suzannah

The S-13 is based upon the Naval Brigade of the Jewish pre-military Haganah. Only in the 1970's it was professionalized as a naval SF unit and elite CT force. During the following decades the S-13 based its reputation as the second best elite SF in the IDF. The S-13 took part in Operation Spring of Youth of 1973 in which Israeli special forces raided Beirut secretly overnight and killed some of the members of Black September, which had carried out the Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes in the Munich 1972 Summer Olympics. Beside its great successes, t ...

See also:

Shayetet 13, Shayetet 13 - History, Shayetet 13 - Training, Shayetet 13 - List of famous S-13 operations, Shayetet 13 - Current Status

Read more here: » Shayetet 13: Encyclopedia II - Shayetet 13 - History

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Refugees 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada · Oslo · 2nd Intifada Barrier · Disengagement Scie ...

See also:

Israeli Air Force, Israeli Air Force - History, Israeli Air Force - Early years 1948-1957, Israeli Air Force - The Six-Day War, Israeli Air Force - The War of Attrition, Israeli Air Force - Yom Kippur War, Israeli Air Force - Growth 1973 - 1982, Israeli Air Force - Operation Peace for Galilee, Israeli Air Force - High Tech age 1990 and beyond, Israeli Air Force - Records and highlights

Read more here: » Israeli Air Force: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Air Force - History

CQB, sometimes CQC, is an acronym for Close Quarters Battle or Close Quarters Combat, and refers to fighting methods within buildings, streets, narrow alleys and other places where visibility and maneuverability are limited. Both CQB and MOUT are related to urban warfare, but while MOUT refers mainly to the macro of it (i.e. sending troops, using of heavy armoured fighting vehicles, battle management), CQB refers to the micro of it—namely: how a small squad of infantry troops should fight in urban environments and/or inside buildings in order to achie ...

See also:

Urban warfare, Urban warfare - CQB, Urban warfare - Famous urban battles in modern time:

Read more here: » Urban warfare: Encyclopedia II - Urban warfare - CQB