Encyclopedia - Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia Ii - Saul Lieberman - Work
Combining vast erudition in all fields of talmudic and rabbinic literature with a penetrating knowledge of the classical world, Lieberman...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah
Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Justin Martyr: Encyclopedia - Justin Martyr
Saint Justin Martyr (Justin the Martyr) (c. 100/114 – c. 162/168) was an early Christian apologist. His works represent the earliest su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner
Yitzchok (Isaac) Hutner (1906 - 1980) was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi born in Warsaw, Poland, to a family with both Ger hasidim and mitnagd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism, also known as Masorti Judaism, is a modern denomination of Judaism that arose in United States in the early 1900s. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Weiss Halivni: Encyclopedia - David Weiss Halivni
Rabbi David Weiss Halivni is scholar of Talmud and a Holocaust survivor, originally of Sighet, Hungary. Professor Halivni's name was for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu
Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Other Views And Controversy
He thus became a "lightning rod" of criticism from two directions: From the religious left he was viewed as being too connected to the Ol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Justin Martyr: Encyclopedia Ii - Justin Martyr - Writings
The earliest mention of Justin is found in the Oratio ad Graecos by Tatian, who calls him "the most admirable Justin," quotes a saying of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Motal': Encyclopedia Ii - Motal' - Location
Motol, 52'’ 19' N 25'’ 36' E, was in the Kobryn Uezd (district) of Grodno Gubernia (province) until the collapse of the Russian empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - External Attacks On The Talmud
The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy: Synthesis
During his tenure at Yeshiva University in addition to his Talmudic lectures, he deepened the system of "synthesis" whereby the best of r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Origin Of Jewish Mysticism
According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Conservative Judaism - Beliefs
For much of the movement's history, Conservative Judaism avoided publishing systematic explications of the Jewish principles of faith. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - In The United States
He was able to construct an intense curriculum and an environment that produced young Talmudic scholars who were viewed as being in the s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Primary References To Yeshu
In 1554 the Vatican issued a papal bull censoring the Talmud and other Jewish texts, resulting in the removal of references to Yeshu. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy And Major Works
Joseph Soloveitchik - Torah Umadda synthesis. During his tenure at Yeshiva University in addition to his Talmudic lectures, he deepened...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor To Others
He was the mentor of some controversial figures in modern Jewish outreach to non-Orthodox Jews. Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach who became the "Si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Early Years Education And Immigration
He was educated in the traditional manner at a Talmud Torah, an elementary yeshiva, and by private tutors, as his parents realized his gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology
His methodology and style was controversial, although intellectually he placed great emphasis on penetrating Talmudic study and analysis,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - Travels And Marriage
Rabbi Hutner spent some years as a wandering scholar. He spent time in university in Berlin, studying philosophy, but not for the purpose...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Family And Last Years
His children married prominent academics and Talmudic scholars: his daughter Tovah married Rabbi Dr. Aharon Lichtenstein, Rosh Yeshiva of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - Publications
He published what is considered his magnum opus which he named Pachad Yitzchok, ("Fear [of] Isaac", meaning the God whom Isaac feared). H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Controversy
He thus became a "lightning rod" of criticism from two directions: From the religious left he was viewed as being too connected to the Ol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Interpretations Of The Name
There is some debate over the meaning of "Yeshu." It has been used as an acronym for the Hebrew expression yemach shemo vezichro, meaning...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Ben-pandera And Ben-stada
Yeshu - ben-Pandera. In the Tosefta reference to Yeshu, the title ben-Pandera (son of Pandera) is added after the name. The surname Pan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - The Medieval Toledot Yeshu Narratives
Toledot Yeshu literally "Generations of Yeshu", is the title of several mediaeval manuscripts containing legends and folktales concerning...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Identification Of Yeshu With Jesus
Many Jews and Christians have traditionally assumed that the term Yeshu in the Talmud and Tosefta refers to Jesus. Since at least the 12t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - Early Years
Having obtained a deep grounding in Talmud, Hutner was sent to join an extension of the Slabodka yeshiva in Hebron. He studied there unti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - The Two Talmuds
There is only one Mishnah but there are two distinct Gemaras: the Yerushalmi and the Bavli, and two corresponding Talmuds. (Today the wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Introduction
Over the course of almost half a century he ordained close to 2,000 rabbis who took positions in Orthodox synagogues across America; they...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Early Years
Rabbi Joseph Ber Soloveitchik was born on February 27, 1903 in Pruzhan (which is now part of Belarus), Poland. He was educated in the tra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Relations With Non-orthodox Jews
Soloveitchik did not approve of many of the beliefs and practice of Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism. He held that where these gro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Soloveitchik - Family And Last Years
His children married prominent academics and Talmudic scholars: his daughter Tovah married Rabbi Dr. Aharon Lichtenstein, Rosh Yeshiva of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Failure Of Sabbatian Mysticism
The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Rabbi Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Mystic Doctrines In Talmudic Times
In Talmudic times the terms Ma'aseh Bereshit ("Works of Creation") and Ma'aseh Merkabah ("Works of the Divine Throne/Chariot") clearly in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Justin Martyr: Encyclopedia Ii - Justin Martyr - His Conversion And Teachings
In the opening of the "Dialogue," Justin relates his vain search among the Stoics, Peripatetics, and Pythagoreans for a satisfying knowle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Conservative Judaism - Movement Organization
In the more limited sense of the term, Conservative Judaism is a unified movement; the international body of Conservative rabbis is the R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic Understanding Of God
Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) teaches that God is neither matter nor spirit. Rather God is the creator of both, but is himself neither. But...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Attitude To The Talmud Within Judaism
The Talmud and its study spread from Babylon to Egypt, northern Africa, Italy, Spain, France, and Germany, regions destined to become abo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Historical Study
The Talmud contains little serious biographical studies of the people discussed therein, and the same tractate will conflate the points o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Modern Day Talmud Scholars
Talmud scholars of the 20th century include: Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman Rabbi Boruch Ber Lebowitz (the Bircas Shm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Conservative Judaism - History
Like Reform Judaism, the Conservative movement developed in Europe and the United States in the 1800s, as Jews reacted to the changes bro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Translations
Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli. There are four contemporary translations of the Talmud into English: The Soncino Hebrew-English...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Human Soul In Kabbalah
The Zohar posits that the human soul has three elements, the nefesh, ru'ach, and neshamah. The nefesh is found in all humans, and enters ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Structure And Function
Traditional Judaism has always held that the books of the Tanakh were transmitted in parallel with a living, oral tradition. Thus, the To...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Practical Applications
The Midrash and Talmud are replete with the use of Divine names and incantations that are claimed to effect supernatural or metaphysical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Foretelling The Future
A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalah In Non-jewish Society
Kabbalah eventually gained an audience outside of the Jewish community. Nominal-Christian versions of Kabbalah began to develop; by the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Textual Antiquity Of Esoteric Mysticism
Early forms of esoteric mysticism existed over 2,000 years ago. Ben Sira warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Debate About Kabbalah In Judaism
Although it was criticized by a small number of rabbis, Kabbalah has nevertheless been a fundamental part of most Jewish theology for man...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Gnosticism And Kabbalah
Gnostic literature testifies to the antiquity of the Kabbalah. Gnosticism - systems of secret spiritual knowledge, or some sources say - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Criticisms
Kabbalah - Dualism. One of the most serious and sustained criticisms of Kabbalah is that it may lead away from monotheism, and instead ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia Ii - Saul Lieberman - Personal Paradoxes
Although deeply involved in the Seminary, Lieberman was personally a traditionally observant Jew, who would not pray in a synagogue with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia Ii - Saul Lieberman - Biography
Born in Motol (now Motal'), near Pinsk, Belarus (then Russian empire), he studied at the yeshivot of Malch and Slobodka. While studying a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia Ii - Saul Lieberman - The Agunah Issue
In the 1950s the Conservative movement's Rabbinical Assembly worked on the agunah issue. According to Jewish law when a couple gets divor...   » Read the article