Saul Lieberman

Combining vast erudition in all fields of talmudic and rabbinic literature with a penetrating knowledge of the classical world, Lieberman opened new pathways to the understanding of the life, institutions, beliefs, and literary products of Jewish Palestine in the talmudic period. He made his debut in scholarly literature in 1929 with the publication of Al ha-Yerushalmi, in which he suggested ways of emending corruptions in the text of the Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud and offered variant readings to the text of the tractate of ...

See also:

Saul Lieberman, Saul Lieberman - Biography, Saul Lieberman - Work, Saul Lieberman - The Agunah issue, Saul Lieberman - Personal Paradoxes, Saul Lieberman - Judith Lieberman

Read more here: » Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia II - Saul Lieberman - Work

Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature. Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...

Including:

• Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism
• Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal
• Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism
• Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s
• Kabbalah - The modern world
• Kabbalah - Primary texts
• Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil
• Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God
• Kabbalah - Sefirot
• Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view
• Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Foretelling the future
• Kabbalah - Practical applications
• Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism
• Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Criticisms
• Kabbalah - Dualism
• Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism
• Kabbalah - Early critiques
• Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society
• Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Fictional representations
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities
• Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah

The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. It is a fundamental source of legislation, customs, case histories and moral exhortations. The Talmud has two components, the Mishnah which is the first written compilation of Judaism's Oral Law, and the Gemara, a discussion of the Mishnah (though the terms Talmud and Gemara are generally used interchangeably). It expands on the earlier writings in the Torah in general ...

Including:

• Talmud - Structure and function
• Talmud - Mishna and Gemara
• Talmud - Orders and tractates
• Talmud - Form and style
• Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah
• Talmud - The two Talmuds
• Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud
• Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud
• Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter
• Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism
• Talmud - Karaism
• Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah
• Talmud - The Enlightenment
• Talmud - Jews in Western culture
• Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism
• Talmud - Historical study
• Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud
• Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud
• Talmud - Charges of racism
• Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars
• Talmud - Conservative
• Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page
• Talmud - Translations
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud

Saint Justin Martyr (Justin the Martyr) (c. 100/114 – c. 162/168) was an early Christian apologist. His works represent the earliest surviving Christian apologies of notable size. Justin Martyr - Life. Most of what is known about the life of Justin Martyr comes from his own writings. He was born at Flavia Neapolis (in Old Testament times Shechem, now Nablus) in Palestine. The city had been founded by Vespasian in the aftermath of the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. Justin suffered martyrdom at Rome und ...

Including:

• Justin Martyr - Life
• Justin Martyr - Writings
• Justin Martyr - The Apology
• Justin Martyr - The Dialogue and Resurrection
• Justin Martyr - Justin's theology
• Justin Martyr - His conversion and teachings
• Justin Martyr - His doctrine of the logos

Read more here: » Justin Martyr: Encyclopedia - Justin Martyr

Yitzchok (Isaac) Hutner (1906 - 1980) was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi born in Warsaw, Poland, to a family with both Ger hasidim and mitnagdim in their origins. He received private instruction in Torah and Talmud. As a young teenager, he was enrolled in the famous mussar Slabodka yeshiva in Lithuania, headed by the famous Rabbi Nosson Zvi Finkel. Yitzchok Hutner - Early years. Having obtained a deep grounding in Talmud, Hutner was sent to join an extension of the Slabodka yeshiva in Hebron. He studied t ...

Including:

• Yitzchok Hutner - Early years
• Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage
• Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States
• Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology
• Yitzchok Hutner - Publications
• Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others
• Yitzchok Hutner - Final years

Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner

Conservative Judaism, also known as Masorti Judaism, is a modern denomination of Judaism that arose in United States in the early 1900s. Conservative Judaism is characterized by: A commitment to following traditional Jewish laws and customs A deliberately non-fundamentalist teaching of Jewish principles of faith. A positive attitude toward modern culture An acceptance of both traditional rabbinic modes of study and modern scholarship and critical ...

Including:

• Conservative Judaism - History
• Conservative Judaism - Beliefs
• Conservative Judaism - God
• Conservative Judaism - Revelation
• Conservative Judaism - Jewish law
• Conservative Judaism - Views of other Jewish denominations
• Conservative Judaism - Movement organization
• Conservative Judaism - Jewish identity
• Conservative Judaism - Important figures

Read more here: » Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia - Conservative Judaism

Rabbi David Weiss Halivni is scholar of Talmud and a Holocaust survivor, originally of Sighet, Hungary. Professor Halivni's name was formerly "David Weiss"; however, after World War II, he wanted to change his name, because "Weiss" had been the last name of a certain Nazi guard in a concentration camp where he had been imprisoned. He first thought to change his name to "David Halivni", for halivni in Hebrew means the white one, just as Weiss means white in Yiddish. However, he did not want to give u ...

Read more here: » David Weiss Halivni: Encyclopedia - David Weiss Halivni

Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the name of one or more persons in various works of classical Jewish rabbinic literature, including the Babylonian Talmud (redacted roughly before 600 CE) and the classical midrash literature (written between 200 CE to 700 CE.) Yeshu - Interpretations of the name. There is some debate over the meaning of "Yeshu." It has been used as an acronym for the ...

Including:

• Yeshu - Interpretations of the name
• Yeshu - Primary references to Yeshu
• Yeshu - Tosefta
• Yeshu - Babylonian Talmud
• Yeshu - Ben-Pandera and ben-Stada
• Yeshu - ben-Pandera
• Yeshu - ben-Stada
• Yeshu - Jesus Connection ?
• Yeshu - The medieval Toledot Yeshu narratives
• Yeshu - Identification of Yeshu with Jesus
• Yeshu - Yeshu as a literary device
• Yeshu - Criticism of the identification of Yeshu with Jesus

Read more here: » Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu

He thus became a "lightning rod" of criticism from two directions: From the religious left he was viewed as being too connected to the Old World of Europe, while for those on the religious right, he was seen as legitimizing those wanting to lower their religious standards in the attempt to modernize and Americanize. Joseph Soloveitchik - Departure from Brisker view of Zionism. Soloveitchik was proud of his connections to the Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty, speaking fondly of his "uncles" and chiding them fr ...

See also:

Joseph Soloveitchik, Joseph Soloveitchik - Heritage, Joseph Soloveitchik - Early years education and immigration, Joseph Soloveitchik - Boston, Joseph Soloveitchik - New York, Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy and major works, Joseph Soloveitchik - Torah Umadda synthesis, Joseph Soloveitchik - The Lonely Man of Faith, Joseph Soloveitchik - Halakhic Man, Joseph Soloveitchik - Other views and controversy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Departure from Brisker view of Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Debate over integration with secular society, Joseph Soloveitchik - Relations with non-Orthodox Jews, Joseph Soloveitchik - Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Affiliated organizations, Joseph Soloveitchik - Family and last years, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Works by Joseph Soloveitchk, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy of his hashkafa worldview, Joseph Soloveitchik - Cooperation with non-Orthodox Jews

Read more here: » Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Soloveitchik - Other views and controversy

The earliest mention of Justin is found in the Oratio ad Graecos by Tatian, who calls him "the most admirable Justin," quotes a saying of his, and says that the Cynic Crescens laid snares for him. Irenaeus (Haer. I., xxviii. 1) speaks of his martyrdom, and of Tatian as his disciple; he quotes him twice (IV., vi. 2, V., xxvi. 2), and shows his influence in other places. Tertullian, in his Adversus Valentinianos, calls him a philosopher and martyr, and the earliest antagonist of heretics. Hippolytus and Methodius of Olympu ...

See also:

Justin Martyr, Justin Martyr - Life, Justin Martyr - Writings, Justin Martyr - The Apology, Justin Martyr - The Dialogue and Resurrection, Justin Martyr - Justin's theology, Justin Martyr - His conversion and teachings, Justin Martyr - His doctrine of the logos

Read more here: » Justin Martyr: Encyclopedia II - Justin Martyr - Writings

Motol, 52'’ 19' N 25'’ 36' E, was in the Kobryn Uezd (district) of Grodno Gubernia (province) until the collapse of the Russian empire in 1917. Between WWI and WWII it was in the Drohiczyn district of the Polish Gubernia of Polesia. It is near the center of Polish Polesia which constituted an irregular rectangle of roughly 110 miles from east to west and 50 miles from north to south. In 1937, Motol had 4,297 inhabitants, of whom ...

See also:

Motal', Motal' - Location, Motal' - People, Motal' - Sources

Read more here: » Motal': Encyclopedia II - Motal' - Location

The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very time that the Babylonian savoraim put the finishing touches to the redaction of the Talmud, the emperor Justinian issued his edict against the abolition of the Greek translation of the Bible in the service of the Synagogue. This edict, dictated by Christian zeal and anti-Jewish feeling, was the prelude to attacks on the Talmud, conceived in the same spirit, and beginning in the thirteenth cent ...

See also:

Talmud, Talmud - Structure and function, Talmud - Mishna and Gemara, Talmud - Orders and tractates, Talmud - Form and style, Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah, Talmud - The two Talmuds, Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud, Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud, Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter, Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism, Talmud - Karaism, Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah, Talmud - The Enlightenment, Talmud - Jews in Western culture, Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism, Talmud - Historical study, Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud, Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud, Talmud - Charges of racism, Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars, Talmud - Conservative, Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page, Talmud - Translations, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia II - Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud

During his tenure at Yeshiva University in addition to his Talmudic lectures, he deepened the system of "synthesis" whereby the best of religious Torah scholarship would be combined with the best secular scholarship in Western civilization. This has become known as the Torah Umadda - "Torah and Science" the motto of Yeshiva University. Through public lectures, writings, and his policy decisions for the Modern Orthodox world, he strengthened th ...

See also:

Joseph Soloveitchik, Joseph Soloveitchik - Introduction, Joseph Soloveitchik - Early years, Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy: Synthesis, Joseph Soloveitchik - The Lonely Man of Faith, Joseph Soloveitchik - Halakhic Man, Joseph Soloveitchik - Organizations, Joseph Soloveitchik - Controversy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Relations with non-Orthodox Jews, Joseph Soloveitchik - Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - The Rav, Joseph Soloveitchik - Boston, Joseph Soloveitchik - An enlightened outlook, Joseph Soloveitchik - Family and last years

Read more here: » Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy: Synthesis

According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah's description of the creation in the Book of Genesis reveals mysteries about God's creation of the universe, Adam and Eve, the Garden of Eden, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and a Tree of Life, the interaction of these creations with the Serpent which leads to disaster when they ...

See also:

Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism

For much of the movement's history, Conservative Judaism avoided publishing systematic explications of the Jewish principles of faith. This was a conscious attempt to hold together a wide coalition. This concern largely became a non-issue after the left-wing of the movement seceded in 1968 to form the Reconstructionist movement, and after the right-wing seceded in 1985 to form the Union for Traditional Judaism. In 1988, the leadership council of Conservative Judaism finally issued an official statement of belief, Emet Ve-Emunah: St ...

See also:

Conservative Judaism, Conservative Judaism - History, Conservative Judaism - Beliefs, Conservative Judaism - God, Conservative Judaism - Revelation, Conservative Judaism - Jewish law, Conservative Judaism - Views of other Jewish denominations, Conservative Judaism - Movement organization, Conservative Judaism - Jewish identity, Conservative Judaism - Important figures

Read more here: » Conservative Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Conservative Judaism - Beliefs

He was able to construct an intense curriculum and an environment that produced young Talmudic scholars who were viewed as being in the same league as their compatriots in Eastern Europe. In 1940, he established a post-high school yeshiva, Bet Midrash, with hundreds of students. He viewed secular studies as essential in learning a profession for people to support themselves by eventually going to college and becoming professionals. Together with the dean of the Yeshiva Torah Vodaath, Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz a charter to set up ...

See also:

Yitzchok Hutner, Yitzchok Hutner - Early years, Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage, Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States, Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology, Yitzchok Hutner - Publications, Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others, Yitzchok Hutner - Final years

Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States

In 1554 the Vatican issued a papal bull censoring the Talmud and other Jewish texts, resulting in the removal of references to Yeshu. The primary references to Yeshu are found in uncensored texts of the Babylonian Talmud and the Tosefta. No known manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud makes mention of the name although one translation (Herford) has added it to Avodah Zarah 2:2 to align it with similar text of Chullin 2:22 in the Tosefta. All later usages of the ...

See also:

Yeshu, Yeshu - Interpretations of the name, Yeshu - Primary references to Yeshu, Yeshu - Tosefta, Yeshu - Babylonian Talmud, Yeshu - Ben-Pandera and ben-Stada, Yeshu - ben-Pandera, Yeshu - ben-Stada, Yeshu - Jesus Connection ?, Yeshu - The medieval Toledot Yeshu narratives, Yeshu - Identification of Yeshu with Jesus, Yeshu - Yeshu as a literary device, Yeshu - Criticism of the identification of Yeshu with Jesus

Read more here: » Yeshu: Encyclopedia II - Yeshu - Primary references to Yeshu

Joseph Soloveitchik - Torah Umadda synthesis. During his tenure at Yeshiva University in addition to his Talmudic lectures, he deepened the system of "synthesis" whereby the best of religious Torah scholarship would be combined with the best secular scholarship in Western civilization. This has become known as the Torah Umadda - "Torah and Science" the motto of Yeshiva University. Through public lectures, writings, and his policy decisions for the Modern Orthodox world, he strengthen ...

See also:

Joseph Soloveitchik, Joseph Soloveitchik - Heritage, Joseph Soloveitchik - Early years education and immigration, Joseph Soloveitchik - Boston, Joseph Soloveitchik - New York, Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy and major works, Joseph Soloveitchik - Torah Umadda synthesis, Joseph Soloveitchik - The Lonely Man of Faith, Joseph Soloveitchik - Halakhic Man, Joseph Soloveitchik - Other views and controversy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Departure from Brisker view of Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Debate over integration with secular society, Joseph Soloveitchik - Relations with non-Orthodox Jews, Joseph Soloveitchik - Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Affiliated organizations, Joseph Soloveitchik - Family and last years, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Works by Joseph Soloveitchk, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy of his hashkafa worldview, Joseph Soloveitchik - Cooperation with non-Orthodox Jews

Read more here: » Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy and major works

He was the mentor of some controversial figures in modern Jewish outreach to non-Orthodox Jews. Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach who became the "Singing Rabbi" was one such student. Another was Rabbi David Weiss Halivni, who became a prominent scholar at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Conservative Judaism. Another was a cousin to the earlier Shlomo Carlebach, who also was called Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach, who was appointed as the Mashgiach (spiritual supervisor) at the Yeshiva Chaim Berlin, but who split with Rabbi Hutner on policy matters in ...

See also:

Yitzchok Hutner, Yitzchok Hutner - Early years, Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage, Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States, Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology, Yitzchok Hutner - Publications, Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others, Yitzchok Hutner - Final years

Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others

He was educated in the traditional manner at a Talmud Torah, an elementary yeshiva, and by private tutors, as his parents realized his great mental powers. By 22 he moved to Berlin, Germany where he remained for almost a decade studying at the University of Berlin, simultaneously maintaining a rigorous schedule of intensive Talmud study. In 1931 he wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the epistemology and metaphysics of the German philosopher Hermann Cohen. In that year he married Tonya Lewitt (1904-1967), who had earned a Ph.D. in education from Jena University. He studied the work ...

See also:

Joseph Soloveitchik, Joseph Soloveitchik - Heritage, Joseph Soloveitchik - Early years education and immigration, Joseph Soloveitchik - Boston, Joseph Soloveitchik - New York, Joseph Soloveitchik - Philosophy and major works, Joseph Soloveitchik - Torah Umadda synthesis, Joseph Soloveitchik - The Lonely Man of Faith, Joseph Soloveitchik - Halakhic Man, Joseph Soloveitchik - Other views and controversy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Departure from Brisker view of Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Debate over integration with secular society, Joseph Soloveitchik - Relations with non-Orthodox Jews, Joseph Soloveitchik - Zionism, Joseph Soloveitchik - Affiliated organizations, Joseph Soloveitchik - Family and last years, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy, Joseph Soloveitchik - Works by Joseph Soloveitchk, Joseph Soloveitchik - Legacy of his hashkafa worldview, Joseph Soloveitchik - Cooperation with non-Orthodox Jews

Read more here: » Joseph Soloveitchik: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Soloveitchik - Early years education and immigration