Zen

(Japanese- "meditation") A branch of Mahayana Buddhism believed to have originated in India from the teachings of a Buddhist master, Bodhidharma, about 600 BC, but traced back by advocates to the Buddha himself.

Practitioners seek satori (sudden illumination enabling bliss and harmony), which cannot be explained but only experienced. Techniques include zazen (sitting meditation techniques) and koans, which are short riddles or sayings. The koans (which number about 1700) are not designed to have cognitive answers but to promote the experience of Zen

(See also: Zen, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Dolce & Gabbana is organized into two central lines for adults. 'D&G' and 'Dolce & Gabbana'. D&G generally forms the groups more casual lines with slightly cheaper prices and is urban inspired. D&G follows the trends of culture of the time and is trend-setting. Dolce & Gabbana centralizes on luxury materials and is consideribly more expensive than D&G. The line does not change as much as D&G, and is influnced by satorial designs, it is described as 'timeless' by Dolce & Gabbana. Within each line is beachwear, underwear, eyewear (ophthalmic & sunglasses) and ...

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Dolce & Gabbana, Dolce & Gabbana - Dolce & Gabbana Lines, Dolce & Gabbana - History

Read more here: » Dolce & Gabbana: Encyclopedia II - Dolce & Gabbana - Dolce & Gabbana Lines

With 14,700 temples and nearly 7 million adherents (in 1989) Soto is the largest Zen sect in Japan, surpassing Rinzai and Obaku. In Japanese history, Soto gained ground among provincial rulers and ordinary people, while Rinzai won the support of the central samurai government. Soto is practiced both in Japan and in the West, and stresses shikantaza, the meditation as a means of completely eliminating the mind and body as a concious entity; enlightenment realized at the arrival of ...

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Soto, Soto - Characteristics, Soto - History, Soto - Important texts

Read more here: » Soto: Encyclopedia II - Soto - Characteristics

With 14,700 temples and nearly 7 million adherents (in 1989) Soto is the largest Zen sect in Japan, surpassing Rinzai and Obaku. In Japanese history, Soto gained ground among provincial rulers and ordinary people, while Rinzai won the support of the central samurai government. Soto is practiced both in Japan and in the West, and stresses shikantaza, the meditation as a means of completely eliminating the mind and body as a conscious entity; enlightenment realized at the arrival of ...

See also:

Soto, Soto - Characteristics, Soto - History, Soto - Important texts

Read more here: » Soto: Encyclopedia II - Soto - Characteristics

It is divided into legions, similarly as the Gendarmerie Départementale. Its main responsibilities are crowd and riot control security of public buildings all policing tasks that require large amounts of personnel (Vigipirate counterterrorism patrols, searches in the countryside...). It has specialized units: the group of security of intervention of the Gendarmerie Nationale (GSIGN), consisting of: the intervention group of the Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN), an ...

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French Gendarmerie, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Départementale, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Mobile, French Gendarmerie - Special divisions, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie Maritime, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie des Transports Aériens, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Air, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Armement, French Gendarmerie - Republican Guard, French Gendarmerie - Free software

Read more here: » French Gendarmerie: Encyclopedia II - French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Mobile

The Western intellectual history of term "enlightenment" is the basis for the secular idea that relates to a localized, religion-specific "enlightenment". It also attempts to bridge the traditional gap between religions and religious belief and psychological science. In this secular sense, 'the enlightened' are those who are not distracted by their thoughts but who stay focused —resisting the natural tendency to be come 'lost' in thinking about experience (rather than experiencing the present). This focus is called 'awareness ...

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Enlightenment concept, Enlightenment concept - Definition, Enlightenment concept - Seeking enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Kant's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Adorno's and Horkheimer's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Enlightenment in Western civilization, Enlightenment concept - The Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - People who have been said to be enlightened

Read more here: » Enlightenment concept: Encyclopedia II - Enlightenment concept - Definition

The GIGN is divided into four groups: negotiation, special equipment section (mechanics, video, weaponry), a language group (individuals specialized in teaching foreign units), and a technical group which provides the unit with modified and high-tech equipment, by either selecting or designing it. Training includes shooting, marksmanship and hand-to-hand combat techniques (Krav-Maga). Members of the GIGN are widely regarded as having some of the best firearms training in the world. It is for this reason that many of the world's special ...

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Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - History, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - Former leaders, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - Structure

Read more here: » Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale: Encyclopedia II - Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - Structure

Jack Kerouac - Prose. Atop an Underwood: Early Stories and Other Writings (ISBN 0670888222) Visions of Gerard (ISBN 0140144528) Doctor Sax (ISBN 0802130496) The Town and the City (ISBN 0156907909) Maggie Cassidy (ISBN 0140179062) Vanity of Duluoz (ISBN 0140236392) On The Road (ISBN 0140042598) Visions of Cody (ISBN 0140179070) The Subterraneans (ISBN 0802131867) ...

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Jack Kerouac, Jack Kerouac - Life, Jack Kerouac - Career, Jack Kerouac - Influence, Jack Kerouac - Quotes, Jack Kerouac - Bibliography, Jack Kerouac - Prose, Jack Kerouac - Poetry letters audio recordings and other writings

Read more here: » Jack Kerouac: Encyclopedia II - Jack Kerouac - Bibliography

An extremely well-known and popular Zen master during his later life, Hakuin was a firm believer in bringing the wisdom of Zen to all people. Thanks to his upbringing as a commoner and his many travels around the country, he was able to relate to the rural population, and served as a sort of spiritual father to the people in the areas surrounding Shoin-ji. In fact, he turned down offers to serve in the great monasteries in Kyoto, preferring to stay at Shoin-ji. Most of his instruction to the common people focused on living a morally virtuous ...

See also:

Hakuin Ekaku, Hakuin Ekaku - Life, Hakuin Ekaku - Teachings, Hakuin Ekaku - Practice, Hakuin Ekaku - Social Role

Read more here: » Hakuin Ekaku: Encyclopedia II - Hakuin Ekaku - Social Role

The Gendarmerie Départementale conducts local policing functions throughout the French territory. It is divided into regions (headed by a general, one for each defense zone), themselves divided into legions (headed by a colonel, one for each administrative region), themselves divided into groupements (one for each département, thus the name), themselves divided into compagnies (one for each arrondissement). It maintains gendarmerie stations throughout the rural parts of the territory. In addition, ...

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French Gendarmerie, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Départementale, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Mobile, French Gendarmerie - Special divisions, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie Maritime, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie des Transports Aériens, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Air, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Armement, French Gendarmerie - Republican Guard, French Gendarmerie - Free software

Read more here: » French Gendarmerie: Encyclopedia II - French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Départementale

In our own time, Jiddu Krishnamurti is said by some to have attained Enlightenment under a pepper tree in Ojai, California in the 1920s. He has influenced, among others, the physicist David Bohm (considered an outcaste from physics, but not wholly scorned by some), and a surprising number of seekers in California and also world-wide, to this day (see Scott Nearing, Helen and Scott Nearing). Other individuals who claimed to reach a state of enlightenment have included Mahatma Gandhi, who many regard as being a seeker of truth. Also, Siddharta ...

See also:

Enlightenment concept, Enlightenment concept - Definition, Enlightenment concept - Seeking enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Kant's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Adorno's and Horkheimer's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Enlightenment in Western civilization, Enlightenment concept - The Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - People who have been said to be enlightened

Read more here: » Enlightenment concept: Encyclopedia II - Enlightenment concept - People who have been said to be enlightened

Kerouac is considered by some as the "King of the Beatniks" as well as the "Father of the Hippies". ...

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Jack Kerouac, Jack Kerouac - Life, Jack Kerouac - Career, Jack Kerouac - Influence, Jack Kerouac - Quotes, Jack Kerouac - Bibliography, Jack Kerouac - Prose, Jack Kerouac - Poetry letters audio recordings and other writings

Read more here: » Jack Kerouac: Encyclopedia II - Jack Kerouac - Influence

Traditionally, Zen traces its roots back to Indian Buddhism and, while not an independent school of Buddhism there, takes its name from the Sanskrit term for meditation, "dhyāna" (ध्यान). This word was transliterated into Chinese as Chán (禪 / simplified 禅); "Chán" was later borrowed into Korean as Seon, Vietnamese as Thiền and into Japanese as "Zen." (Note that Chan, Zen, Seon and Thien are just different pronounciations of the same Chinese character. Their teachings may vary in methods, but t ...

See also:

Zen, Zen - Spread of Zen, Zen - Zen in Japan, Zen - Zen and Buddhism, Zen - Zen teachings and practices, Zen - Zazen, Zen - The teacher, Zen - Koan practice, Zen - Radical teachings, Zen - Zen and Western culture, Zen - Zen in Films, Zen - American Zen

Read more here: » Zen: Encyclopedia II - Zen - Spread of Zen

Hakuin was born in 1685 in the small village of Hara, at the foot of Mount Fuji. His mother was a devout Nichiren Buddhist, and it is likely that her piety was a major influence on his decision to become a Buddhist monk. As a child, Hakuin attended a lecture by a Nichiren monk on the topic of the Eight Hot Hells. This deeply impressed the young Hakuin, and he developed a pressing fear of hell, seeking a way to escape it. He eventually came to the conclusion that it ...

See also:

Hakuin Ekaku, Hakuin Ekaku - Life, Hakuin Ekaku - Teachings, Hakuin Ekaku - Practice, Hakuin Ekaku - Social Role

Read more here: » Hakuin Ekaku: Encyclopedia II - Hakuin Ekaku - Life

Traditionally, Zen traces its roots back to Indian Buddhism and, while not an independent school of Buddhism there, takes its name from the Sanskrit term for meditation, "dhyāna" (ध्यान). This word was transliterated into Chinese as Chán (禪 / simplified 禅); "Chán" was later borrowed into Korean as Seon, Vietnamese as Thiền and into Japanese as "Zen." (Note that Chan, Zen, Seon and Thien are just different pronunciations of the same Chinese character. Their teachings may vary in methods, but the principles ...

See also:

Zen, Zen - Spread of Zen, Zen - Zen in Japan, Zen - Zen and Buddhism, Zen - Zen teachings and practices, Zen - Zazen, Zen - The teacher, Zen - Koan practice, Zen - Radical teachings, Zen - Zen and Western culture, Zen - Zen in Films, Zen - American Zen

Read more here: » Zen: Encyclopedia II - Zen - Spread of Zen

The most important and influential teaching of Hakuin was his emphasis on koan practice. Hakuin deeply believed that the most effective way for a student to achieve enlightenment was through extensive meditation on a koan. The psychological pressure and doubt that comes when one struggles with a koan is meant to create tension that leads to awakening. Hakuin called this the great doubt, writing, "At the bottom of great doubt lies great awakening. If you doubt fully, you will awaken fully". Only with incessant investigation of their koan will a student be able to become on ...

See also:

Hakuin Ekaku, Hakuin Ekaku - Life, Hakuin Ekaku - Teachings, Hakuin Ekaku - Practice, Hakuin Ekaku - Social Role

Read more here: » Hakuin Ekaku: Encyclopedia II - Hakuin Ekaku - Teachings

Much of Hakuin's practice focused, as his teachings did, on zazen and koan practice. His motto was "meditation in the midst of activity is a billion times superior to meditation in stillness". Hakuin's experiences of enlightenment seemed to come at unexpected moments, often when he was just walking or reading. One experience that he wrote about took place while he was walking through a torrential rain. As the water reached his knees, he suddenly realized the meaning of a particular verse that he had read earlier, and was seized by enlightenm ...

See also:

Hakuin Ekaku, Hakuin Ekaku - Life, Hakuin Ekaku - Teachings, Hakuin Ekaku - Practice, Hakuin Ekaku - Social Role

Read more here: » Hakuin Ekaku: Encyclopedia II - Hakuin Ekaku - Practice

French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie Maritime. Main article: Gendarmerie Maritime Placed under the dual supervision of the Gendarmerie and the Navy, its missions include: police and security in the naval bases; maritime surveillance; police at sea; assistance and rescue at sea. French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie des Transports Aériens. Placed under the dual supervision of the Gendarmerie and the direction of civilian aviat ...

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French Gendarmerie, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Départementale, French Gendarmerie - The Gendarmerie Mobile, French Gendarmerie - Special divisions, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie Maritime, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie des Transports Aériens, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Air, French Gendarmerie - Gendarmerie de l'Armement, French Gendarmerie - Republican Guard, French Gendarmerie - Free software

Read more here: » French Gendarmerie: Encyclopedia II - French Gendarmerie - Special divisions

The systematic search for enlightenment was a goal of truth seekers after they found a master teacher or guru, who could guide them. However, this formulation was not necessarily spiritual. In earlier times, such as during the Bon period of Tibetan religion, enlightenment was considered to be within the context of magic —from which scientific methods descended (through alchemy). After the systematic methods were learned in India, the nations of Asia made pilgrimages to learn them. The relationship between seeker and guru was and remains, in most cases, an essential point for enlightenment. There are prac ...

See also:

Enlightenment concept, Enlightenment concept - Definition, Enlightenment concept - Seeking enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Kant's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Adorno's and Horkheimer's definition of enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - Enlightenment in Western civilization, Enlightenment concept - The Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment concept - People who have been said to be enlightened

Read more here: » Enlightenment concept: Encyclopedia II - Enlightenment concept - Seeking enlightenment

Janwillem van de Wetering - Grijpstra and de Gier novels. Outsider in Amsterdam, 1975 Tumbleweed, 1976 The Corpse on the Dike, 1976 Death of a Hawker, 1977 The Japanese Corpse, 1977 The Blond Baboon, 1978 The Maine Massacre, 1979 The Mind-Murders, 1981 The Streetbird, 1983 The Rattle-Rat, 1985 Hard Rain, 1986 Just A Corpse at Twili ...

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Janwillem van de Wetering, Janwillem van de Wetering - Bibliography, Janwillem van de Wetering - Grijpstra and de Gier novels, Janwillem van de Wetering - Children's books, Janwillem van de Wetering - Other fiction, Janwillem van de Wetering - Non-fiction, Janwillem van de Wetering - Articles/stories not included in books, Janwillem van de Wetering - Translations, Janwillem van de Wetering - Unpublished in English, Janwillem van de Wetering - Filmography, Janwillem van de Wetering - Television, Janwillem van de Wetering - Radio

Read more here: » Janwillem van de Wetering: Encyclopedia II - Janwillem van de Wetering - Bibliography

After the tragic events of the Munich massacre during the Olympic Games in 1972, and a mutiny in Clairvaux the next year, France started to study the possible solutions to extremely violent attacks, under the assumptions that these would be extremely difficult to predict and deflect. In 1973, the GIGN was created as a permanent force of men trained and equipped to respond to these kind of threats while minimising risks for the public and hostages, for the members of the unit, and for the attackers themselves. The GIGN became operational ...

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Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - History, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - Former leaders, Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - Structure

Read more here: » Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale: Encyclopedia II - Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale - History

Zen Buddhism: Zen Buddhist Dictionary

A dictionary of Zen Buddhism terms. Please note that all words in grey like " Buddhism " are links to an archive with related articles.