Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit

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ARTICLES RELATED TO Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Sanskrit

Sanskrit (saṃskṛtam संस्कृतम्) is a classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It has a position in India and Southeast Asia similar to that of Latin and Greek in Medieval Europe, and is a central part of Hindu tradition. Sanskrit is one of the 22 official languages of India. Sanskrit is taught in schools and households th ...

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Sanskrit - History

Sanskrit - Phonology and writing system

Sanskrit - Grammar

Sanskrit - Influence

Read more here: » Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Sanskrit

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia II - Sanskrit literature - Classical Poetry This refers to the poetry produced from the 3rd to approximately the 7th centuries. Kalidasa is the foremost example of a classical poet. While Kalidasa's Sanksrit usage is simple but beautiful, later Sanskrit poetry shifted towards highly stylized literary accents: stanzas that read the same backwards and forwards, words that can be split in different ways to produce different meanings, sophisticated metaphors, and so on. A classic example is the poet Bharavi a ...

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Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: : Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit language

Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) is a modern linguistic category applied to a number of languages used in some of the Mahāyāna Buddhist sutras, such as the Perfection of Wisdom sutras. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit languages are composite works assembled from elements of Classical Sanskrit and local Prakrit languages. BHS is classified as a Middle Indo-Aryan language. It is sometimes called "Mixed Sanskrit". Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit writings emerged after the fifth century BCE codification of Classical Sanskrit by the scholar ...

Read more here: » Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit language

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: A full overview of the Hindu and Vedic Scriptures

Sanskrit literature can be classified under six orthodox heads and four secular heads. The six orthodox sections form the authoritative scriptures of the Hindus. The four secular sections embody the later developments in classical Sanskrit literature.

The six scriptures are: Srutis, Smritis, Itihasas, Puranas, Agamas and Darsanas.

The four secular writings are: Subhashitas, Kavyas, Natakas and Alankaras.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: The Kavyas in the Hindu Scriptures

The Kavyas are highly scholarly compositions in poetry, prose or both. The greatest of poetical Kavyas are those of Kalidas (The Raghuvamsa and Kumarasambhava), Bharavi (The Kiratarjuniya), Magha (The Sisupalavadha), Sri Harsha (The Naishadha). The best prose Kavyas in the whole of Sanskrit literature were written by Bhattabana (The Kadambari and Harshacharita), the great genius in classical Sanskrit. Among those containing both poetry and prose, the Champu-Ramayana and the Champu-Bharata are most famous. These are all wonderful masterpieces which will ever remain to glorify Indias literary calibre.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit language

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Vedic Sanskrit

Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, the earliest sacred texts of India. The earliest of the Vedas, the Rigveda, was composed in the 2nd millennium BC, and use of the Vedic dialect was continued for the composition of religious texts until roughly 500 BC, when the later Classical Sanskrit language began to emerge. The Vedic form of Sanskrit is an early descendant of Proto-Indo-Iranian (spoken around 2000 BC), and still comparatively similar (being removed by maybe 1500 years) to the Proto-Indo-European language. Vedic S ...

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Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Aṣṭādhyāyī

The Ashtadhyayi (Aṣṭādhyāyī, meaning "eight chapters") is the earliest known grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether. It was composed roughly around 400 BC by the Gandharan grammarian Panini, and it describes (and prescribes) the grammar of Classical Sanskrit completely, and also mentions many forms of pre-Classical Vedic Sanskrit as exceptions. Its notational stru ...

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Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Compound linguistics

A compound is a word (lexeme) that consists of more than one free morpheme. A certain type of compound (endocentric) consists of a head, i.e. the categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the whole compound, and modifiers, which restrict this meaning. For example, the English compound doghouse, where house is the head and dog is the modifier, is understood as a house intended for a dog. Obviously, an endocentric compound ten ...

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Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Arthur Anthony Macdonell

Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1854 - 1930), 7th of Lochgarry, was a noted Sanskrit scholar. Macdonell was born in India and educated at Göttingen University, then matriculated in 1876 at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, gaining a classical exhibition and three scholarships (for German, Sanskrit, and Chinese). He graduated with classical honours in 1880 and was appointed Taylorian Teacher of German at Oxford. In 1883 he obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig, and then became Deputy Professor of Sansk ...

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Arthur Anthony Macdonell - Selected works

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Guna

The Sanskrit word guna (guṇa) has the basic meaning of "string" or "a single thread or strand of a cord or twine". In more abstract uses, it may mean "a subdivision, species, kind", and generally "quality". Guna - In Classical literature. In Classical literature (e.g. Mahabharata, Bhagavata Purana), a Guna is an attribute of the 5 elements (each with an associa ...

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Read more here: » Guna: Encyclopedia - Guna

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Deva Hinduism

Deva (देव in Devanagari script, pronounced as "dévə") is the Sanskrit word for "god, deity". It can be variously interpreted as a spirit, demi-god, angel, deity or any supernatural being of high excellence. In Hindu mythology, the devas are opposed to the demonic Asuras. Deva Hinduism - Etymology. The word is from PIE *deiwos, originally an adjective meaning "celestial" or "shining", a PIE (not synchronic Sanskrit) vrddhi derivative from a root *diw "to shine", especially ...

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Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Carl Darling Buck

Carl Darling Buck (October 2, 1866 - 1955), American philologist, was born at Bucksport, Maine. He graduated from Yale in 1886, was a graduate student there for three years, and studied at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens (1887-1889) and in Leipzig (1889-1892). In 1892 he became professor of Sanskrit and Indo-European comparative philology at the University of Chicago, and was later named Martin A. Ryerson D ...

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Vedic religion

The religion of the Vedic civilization is the predecessor of classical Hinduism, usually included in the term. Its liturgy is reflected in the text of the Vedas. The religion centered on a clergy (the Brahmins) administering sacrificial rites. Texts considered to date to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedas, but the Brahmanas, and some of the older Upanishads are also considered Vedic. The Vedas record the liturgy connected with t ...

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Vedic religion - Post-Vedic religions

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Abigyaan shakuntala

A drama by Kalidasa. It is written in Sanskrit and Maharashtri Prakrit, and served largely to establish Maharashtri as the classical dramatic Prakrit. Abhidnyaan shaaku.ntala is the story of Shakuntala, daughter of the sage Vishwamitra and apsaras Menaka, who was reared in a hermitage somewhere near modern Kalyan, perhaps Titwala, after having been abandoned by her parents. Summary: In Kalidasa's version, as he staged it, Shakuntala was seduced by the king of Hastinapur Dushyanta and abandoned pregnant. She is given a ring by the king, to be presented to him when she ap ...

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Dayananda Saraswati

Swami Dayananda Saraswati (दयानन्‍द सरस्‍वती) was born in Tamil Nadu. He became a swami as a young man and was the assistant to Swami Chinmayananda when he took the initiative to establish Vishwa Hindu Parishad. In 1986, Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arsha Vidya Gurukulam, a Gurukula that has branches in India and the United States. Arsha Vidya Gurukulam is an institute for the traditional study of Advaita Vedanta, Yoga, Ayurveda, Jyotish, Sanskrit and other classical Hindu studies ...

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Raga

Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (Anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. "Raag" is the modern Hindi pronunciation used by Hindustani musicians; "Ragam" the Tamil form used by Karnatak Carnatic music musicians. A raga functions both as description and prescription. It describes a generalized form of melodic practice; it prescribes a set of rules for how to build a melody. It specifies rules for move ...

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Raga - Footnotes

Read more here: » Raga: Encyclopedia - Raga

Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit: Encyclopedia - Buddha

Buddha (Sanskrit, Pali, others: literally Awakened One, from the root: √budh, "to awaken") is a title used in Buddhism for anyone who has discovered their enlightenment (bodhi), although it is commonly used to refer to Siddhartha Gautama, the historical founder of Buddhism. Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about 623 BC to 543 BC, and attained bodhi around 588 BC—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical Buddhist doct ...