The name "Sanandaj" is the arabized form of "Sena Dej"(Sine Dij in Kurdish), which means "the Castle of Sena". Nowadays, it is commonly referred to as Sinne or Senna in Kurdish. Although the province of Kurdistan has archeological traces which go back to thousands of years BC when the Aryan Kurds first settled in these parts, Sanandaj itself is a rather new city and was built less than 400 years ago. After the islamic conquest in 642 A.D., majority of the inhabitants accepted Sunni Islam which is the predominant religion ...

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Sanandaj, Sanandaj - History, Sanandaj - Climate, Sanandaj - Attractions, Sanandaj - Handicrafts, Sanandaj - See Also, Sanandaj - Links

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The word sena literally means army in many South Asian languages. Sena could refer to Sena municipality in Huesca province, Spain. Sena (Sanandaj), is a city in north-western Iran. Sena district, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand Sena, an ethnic group of Mocambique and Malawi the Sena dynasty, who ruled Bengal in the 11th and 12th centuries the Shiv Sena, a political party in India American movie director Dominic Sena (b. 1949) the Shanti Sena or "Peace army", ma ...

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There are two major dialect clusters of Lishanid Noshan. The western cluster of dialects was centred around Arbil. Most of the Jews of Arbil itself spoke Arabic as their first language, and their Aramaic was heavily influenced by Iraqi Arabic. Dastit, the language of the plain, is the Aramaic dialect of the villages of the Plain of Arbil. Lishanid Noshan was also spoken about 50 km north of Arbil, in the village of Dobe, with a ...

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Lishanid Noshan, Lishanid Noshan - Origins, Lishanid Noshan - Modern Use

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There are five to eight million Kurdish Iranians residing mainly in the west and northwest of the country in areas contiguous with Kurdish populations in the neighboring states of Iraq and Turkey. Increasing numbers of Kurds also reside in Tehran and in the southwest, where the oil industry provides employment opportunities. Most Iranian Kurds are Sunni Muslims, which, as has been noted, has been an aggra ...

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Iranian Kurdistan, Iranian Kurdistan - History, Iranian Kurdistan - Medieval Kurdish Dynasties, Iranian Kurdistan - Safavid Period, Iranian Kurdistan - Battle of Dimdim, Iranian Kurdistan - Kurds in Modern Iran, Iranian Kurdistan - Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, Iranian Kurdistan - The Islamic Republic of Iran and The Kurds, Iranian Kurdistan - Human Rights sitiuation In Iranian Kurdistan, Iranian Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Iranian Kurdistan - List of Famous People from Iranian Kurdistan

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The city of Sanandaj is at the southeastern periphery of the area of spoken modern Aramaic languages. Its geography makes the Neo-Aramaic of Sanandaj quite distinct from other dialects. Two different colloquial Aramaic dialects developed in Sanandaj: Jewish Hulaula and Christian Senaya. The two languages developed along different lines, so that the two are not mutually comprehensible. One distinctive difference between the two is the sound change associated with the Middle Aramaic fricative θ (th), often rendered as l in Hulaula, and s in Senaya. For example, mîθa, ...

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Senaya language, Senaya language - Origin history and use today, Senaya language - Appendices, Senaya language - References, Senaya language - External links

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The name "Azarbaijan" comes from the ancient Old Persian name Atro Patikan and Middle Persian "Adur Paiyigan." The name means "The Guardians of Fire"—a referemce to the holy Zoroastrian fire that burned in the grand fire temple at Ganzak/Ganzaca (modern Takab)—the first capital of Azerbaijan/Media Minor. According to various sources cited in Encyclopedia Iranica (p.206), the current province of West Azarbaijan was part of the Sassanid Azarbadegan satrap as far back as the 3rd century.(ibid p.206)See also:

West Azarbaijan Province, West Azarbaijan Province - History, West Azarbaijan Province - Climate, West Azarbaijan Province - Demographics, West Azarbaijan Province - Religion, West Azarbaijan Province - Churches in West Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan Province - West Azarbaijan today, West Azarbaijan Province - Culture, West Azarbaijan Province - Colleges and universities

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Various Neo-Aramaic dialects were spoken across a wide area from Lake Urmia to Lake Van (in Turkey), down to the plain of Mosul (in Iraq) and back across to Sanandaj (in Iran again). Lishán Didán, at the northeastern extreme of this area, is somewhat intelligible with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic languages of Hulaula (spoken further south, in Iranian Kurdistan) and Lishanid Noshan (formerly spoken around Kirkuk, Iraq). However, the local Christian Neo-Aramaic dialects of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic are unintelligible: Christian and Jewish communities l ...

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Lishan Didan, Lishan Didan - Origin and use today

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The rich, beautiful and mountainous lands of this area first encouraged Aryan tribes to settle in this region after their immigration to Iran. It was from here where the first plan to overthrow the Assyrians began, leading to their defeat in 612 BCE, and setting the stage for the commence of the Median empire. When the Islamic Arabs attacked the Sassanid empire in 634 CE, many Kurds resisted their invasion, but were eventually brought under Muslim rule. In 835 CE, one of the Kurdish leaders revolted against Al-Mu'tasim, but was eventually suppressed. The Kurds revolted agains ...

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Kurdistan Province Iran, Kurdistan Province Iran - History, Kurdistan Province Iran - Geography, Kurdistan Province Iran - Climate, Kurdistan Province Iran - People and culture, Kurdistan Province Iran - Kurdistan Province today, Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy, Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities, Kurdistan Province Iran - Attractions

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Various Neo-Aramaic dialects were spoken across a wide area from the Zakho region, in the west, to Lake Urmia, in the northeast to Sanandaj, in the southeast (the are covers northern Iraq and northwestern Iran). However, there is very little intelligibility between Lishana Deni and the other Jewish dialects. On the other hand, there is quite reasonable intelligibility between it and the Christian Neo-Aramaic dialects spoken in the region. The Christian dialect of Chaldean Neo-Aramaic is closest to Lishana Deni, and the less intelligible A ...

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Lishana Deni, Lishana Deni - Origin and use today

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Kurdish dialects can be divided into three primary groups: the Northern Kurdish dialects group also called Kurmanji and Badínaní, Central Kurdish dialects group also called Sorani (see also basic linguistic differences between these two major branches) and the Southern Kurdish dialects group also called Pahlavani or "Pahlawanik" group in some sources. The two other major branches of Kurdish language are: the Dimílí group, also called Zaza, and the Auramani group, also called Gorani (Gúraní) in some sources. ...

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Kurdish language, Kurdish language - Classification and related languages, Kurdish language - Dialects and regional variants, Kurdish language - Writing system, Kurdish language - Kurdish phonology, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 1, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 2, Kurdish language - Differences between Persian and Kurdish, Kurdish language - A historical List of the Kurdish Literature and Poets, Kurdish language - Religious, Kurdish language - In Goranî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Kurmancî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Soranî Dialect, Kurdish language - Famous Poets and writers of the 20th century, Kurdish language - Kurdish Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish-Kurdish Dictionary, Kurdish language - Kurdish-English Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish- Other Languages Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish Broadcast Programs Around the World, Kurdish language - Religious Texts in Kurdish

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Kurds claim descent from various ancient groups; among them the Guti, Mannai, Hurrian and Medes. The Medes came under Persian rule during the reign of Cyrus the Great and Darius. Centuries later, Kurdish-inhabited areas in the Middle East witnessed the clash of the two competing super powers of those times, namely the Sassanid Empire and the Roman Empire. At their peak, the Romans ruled large Kurdish-inhabited areas, particularly the western and north ...

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Kurdistan, Kurdistan - History, Kurdistan - Northern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Forced relocations in Turkey, Kurdistan - The case of Leyla Zana, Kurdistan - Arrest of Ocalan, Kurdistan - Southern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Anfal Genocidal Campaign, Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

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Hulaulá sits at the southeastern extreme of the wide area over which various Neo-Aramaic dialects used to be spoken. From Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan Province, Iran, the area extended north, to the banks of Lake Urmia. From there, it extended west to Lake Van (in Turkey), and south onto the Plain of Mosul (in Iraq). Then it headed east again, through Arbil, back to Sanandaj. Hulaulá is somewhat intelligible with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Lake Urmia and Iranian Azerbaijan: Lishan Didan. It is also somewhat intelligible with it ...

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Hulaula language, Hulaula language - Origin and use today

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Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy. The major activities of the inhabitants are agriculture and modern livestock farming. Wheat, barley, grains and fruits are the major agricultural products. The chemical, metal, textile, leather and food industries are the main industrial activities in this province. Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities. Kordestan University of Medical Sciences Tohid Medical Center University of Kordestan Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj < ...

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Kurdistan Province Iran, Kurdistan Province Iran - History, Kurdistan Province Iran - Geography, Kurdistan Province Iran - Climate, Kurdistan Province Iran - People and culture, Kurdistan Province Iran - Kurdistan Province today, Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy, Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities, Kurdistan Province Iran - Attractions

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The population of the province in 1996 was 1,346,383 of which 52.42% were urban dwellers and 47.58% rural dwellers. The sex ratio of the province is 104. The Kurdish people are the majority population in this province, and they speak Sorani-Kurdish which is a northwestern Iranian language. The region's historical name is Ardalan. The Kurdish language is categorized under the Indo-European group of languages, with a distinctive grammatical form. This language has various branches in Iran, such as the Sorani, Hewrami and Kurmanji. Major ...

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Kurdistan Province Iran, Kurdistan Province Iran - History, Kurdistan Province Iran - Geography, Kurdistan Province Iran - Climate, Kurdistan Province Iran - People and culture, Kurdistan Province Iran - Kurdistan Province today, Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy, Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities, Kurdistan Province Iran - Attractions

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The Kurdish languages form a dialect continuum, with comprehensibility diminishing as the distance from one's native dialect increases. The principal Kurdish languages are: Northern Kurdish or Kurmanji Central Kurdish or Sorani The Southern Kurdish dialects Laki Zaza-Gorani Dimílí/Zaza Hawrami (or Hewrami)/Auramani/Gorani The Kurdish languages have their own historical development, continuity, grammatical system and rich living vocabula ...

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Kurdish language, Kurdish language - Classification and related languages, Kurdish language - Dialects and regional variants, Kurdish language - Writing system, Kurdish language - Kurdish phonology, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 1, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 2, Kurdish language - Differences between Persian and Kurdish, Kurdish language - A historical List of the Kurdish Literature and Poets, Kurdish language - Religious, Kurdish language - In Goranî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Kurmancî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Soranî Dialect, Kurdish language - Famous Poets and writers of the 20th century, Kurdish language - Kurdish Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish-Kurdish Dictionary, Kurdish language - Kurdish-English Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish- Other Languages Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish Broadcast Programs Around the World, Kurdish language - Religious Texts in Kurdish

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The province is divided into 14 townships. The present number of townships was achieved over time by subdivision of many of the larger townships into smaller ones. The townships in the province are: Urmia, Salmas, Naghadeh, Piranshahr, Bukan, Khoy, Mahabad, Oshnaviyeh, Sardasht, Chaldoran, Miandoab, Maku, Takab, and Shahindej. There are no official statistics or census figures on the ethnic makeup of Iranian cities. The Encyclopedia Iranica however states that the geographic extent of Azeri-speaking people goes "well beyond the bounda ...

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West Azarbaijan Province, West Azarbaijan Province - History, West Azarbaijan Province - Climate, West Azarbaijan Province - Demographics, West Azarbaijan Province - Religion, West Azarbaijan Province - Churches in West Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan Province - West Azarbaijan today, West Azarbaijan Province - Culture, West Azarbaijan Province - Colleges and universities

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In this province, Islam (Sunni and Shiite) is the majority religion. However, there is also a large Christian minority, comprised of Assyrians who have historically lived on the west shore of Lake Urmia, as well as Armenians who are scattered throughout the province. Notably, the city of Maku in northern West Azarbaijan was the only city in Iran (before World War II) where Christians comprised the majority. St. Thaddeus Cathedral is located on the outskirts of Chaldoran, near the village of Qara-Kelissa. Besides being a religious site ...

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West Azarbaijan Province, West Azarbaijan Province - History, West Azarbaijan Province - Climate, West Azarbaijan Province - Demographics, West Azarbaijan Province - Religion, West Azarbaijan Province - Churches in West Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan Province - West Azarbaijan today, West Azarbaijan Province - Culture, West Azarbaijan Province - Colleges and universities

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Kurdistan Province is entirely a mountainous region that can be divided into two western and eastern sections from topographical points of view which are located in the east and west of Sanandaj(Sinne). Kurdistan province, being predominantly covered by mountains and hills, has many rivers, lakes, natural ice-stores and caves, which render it rather picturesque. Consequently, Kurdistan has always attracted a large number of touri ...

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Kurdistan Province Iran, Kurdistan Province Iran - History, Kurdistan Province Iran - Geography, Kurdistan Province Iran - Climate, Kurdistan Province Iran - People and culture, Kurdistan Province Iran - Kurdistan Province today, Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy, Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities, Kurdistan Province Iran - Attractions

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In the city of Urumieh, some residents have a high standard of living in comparison with the other cities of the province. There are plenty of parks, coffee shops, cinemas, and internet cafes throughout the city. There are hundreds of small villages in the province as well, most of which have running water and electricity as well as television, satellite, and telephone lines. Southern cities which economically are considered poor areas have always been the venue of Kurdish demonstrators against the Islamic regime. [10] West Azarbaijan provinc ...

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West Azarbaijan Province, West Azarbaijan Province - History, West Azarbaijan Province - Climate, West Azarbaijan Province - Demographics, West Azarbaijan Province - Religion, West Azarbaijan Province - Churches in West Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan Province - West Azarbaijan today, West Azarbaijan Province - Culture, West Azarbaijan Province - Colleges and universities

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Despite having some similarities in a number of basic words as seen above, these two languages are indeed very different. One of the main differences is the Grammar issue.(see [6]) The second difference is that Persian has been affected heavily by Arabic vocabulary over a period of several centuries after the Muslim conquest of Sassanid Empire. However, Kurds have been able to keep many of the original words, partly due to their geographical isolation. As a result, Modern Kurdish uses far less Arabic lo ...

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Kurdish language, Kurdish language - Classification and related languages, Kurdish language - Dialects and regional variants, Kurdish language - Writing system, Kurdish language - Kurdish phonology, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 1, Kurdish language - Indo-European linguistic comparison 2, Kurdish language - Differences between Persian and Kurdish, Kurdish language - A historical List of the Kurdish Literature and Poets, Kurdish language - Religious, Kurdish language - In Goranî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Kurmancî Dialect, Kurdish language - In Soranî Dialect, Kurdish language - Famous Poets and writers of the 20th century, Kurdish language - Kurdish Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish-Kurdish Dictionary, Kurdish language - Kurdish-English Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish- Other Languages Dictionaries, Kurdish language - Kurdish Broadcast Programs Around the World, Kurdish language - Religious Texts in Kurdish

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