Encyclopedia - Samuel P. Huntington: Encyclopedia Ii - Samuel P. Huntington - Notable Arguments
Samuel P. Huntington - Political Order in Changing Societies. In Political Order in Changing Societies Huntington argues that order is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia - Civilization
The word civilization (or civilisation) has a variety of meanings related to human society. The term comes from the Latin civis, meaning ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless left-leaning military-lead revolution started on Ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Westernisation: Encyclopedia - Westernisation
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Wes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights: Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights
The term inalienable rights (or unalienable rights) refers to a set of human rights that are absolute, not awarded by human power, not tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia - Coup D'état
A coup d'état (pronounced /ku de'ta/), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a smaller supposedly w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books: Encyclopedia - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books
This is a list of controversial non-fiction books aimed at the general reader which discuss controversial issues, or are (or were at the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th Century: Encyclopedia - 20th Century
The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar. Common usage sometimes regards it as lasting from 1900 to 1999. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - April 18: Encyclopedia - April 18
April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). There are 257 days remaining. April 18 - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia - Western World
The term Western world or "the West" can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Originally defined as Western Europe, most mode...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The United States 1988-present: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The United States 1988-present - The George H. W. Bush Administration
Republican President Ronald Reagan's vice-president George H. W. Bush ascended to the presidency, handily defeating Democratic Massachuse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - Origins
At the end of the Second World War, the British Empire, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the dominant powers on the glob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperpower - United States
As of 2004, the United States of America has a military budget larger than that of the next twenty nations combined. In cultural and econ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serge Lang: Encyclopedia Ii - Serge Lang - Mathematical Work
He was a student of Emil Artin at Princeton University. His thesis was on quasi-algebraic closure. He then worked on the geometric analog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Scientists: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Scientists - Notable Political Scientists
List of political scientists - A. Graham Allison - "Essence of decision" author; early bureaucratic politics model proponent; former D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Westernisation: Encyclopedia Ii - Westernisation - Definition Of The West
Main article: Western civilization Westernisation - Territorial. The West was originally defined as Western Europe, but most modern use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Scientists: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Scientists - Notable Political Scientists
List of political scientists - A. Chris Achen - Political methodologist at Princeton University John Aldrich - Political parties exper...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oswald Spengler: Encyclopedia Ii - Oswald Spengler - Biography
Oswald Spengler was born in 1880 in the Blankenburg am Harz mountains, the eldest of four children, and the only boy. His family was typi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sino-islamic Connection: Encyclopedia Ii - Sino-islamic Connection - Sino-islamic Alliance
The Sino-Islamic connection or Islamic-Confucian connection refers the idea of an alliance or diplomatic and military cooperation between...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement - Background
On September 11th, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States killed over 3000 people. U.S. president George W. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prodemca: Encyclopedia Ii - Prodemca - Background
"The Friends of the Democratic Center in Central America, better known as PRODEMCA, was founded in late 1981. According to its promotiona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Countries
To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The End Of History And The Last Man: Encyclopedia Ii - The End Of History And The Last Man - Criticisms Of Fukuyama's Thesis
There have been many criticisms of the 'End of History' thesis. Some of these include: Islamic Fundamentalism. Some critics state that I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - Power Distribution After The Cold War
The post-Cold War world is considered an unipolar world, as the United States is the world's sole remaining superpower, with the largest ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Inalienable Rights - Origins
It has been argued that the idea of inalienable rights is derived from the freeborn rights claimed by the Englishman John Lilburne in his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Helga Zepp-larouche: Encyclopedia Ii - Helga Zepp-larouche - Biography
According to the Schiller Institute and Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität websites, Zepp-LaRouche left high school in 1968 to work as a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Democracy: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Democracy - Origins
History of democracy - Prehistoric democracies. The earliest forms of democracy may have originated in the bands and tribes of prehisto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilian Control Of The Military: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilian Control Of The Military - Rationales
Advocates of civilian control generally take a Clausewitzian view of war, emphasizing its political character. The words of Georges Cleme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moynihan Commission On Government Secrecy: Encyclopedia Ii - Moynihan Commission On Government Secrecy - Loyalty
The idea of loyalty[10] implies that there is much information within a bureaucracy which could be used to injure the Government, or the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - History
Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Democratization: Encyclopedia Ii - Democratization - Empirical Research
A considerable amount of empirical research has been conducted on democratization, with scholars looking for patterns in the establishmen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Criticism Of Noam Chomsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Criticism Of Noam Chomsky - Criticism Of Chomsky's Political Views
Chomsky's political views are highly controversial, and have provoked criticism and debate across the political spectrum. The specific cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anglosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglosphere - Historical Perspectives
The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are all former colonies of the United Kingdom, and were settled by migrants from the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Inalienable Rights - Origins
It has been argued that the idea of inalienable rights is derived from the freeborn rights claimed by the Englishman John Lilburne in his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 20th Century - Significant People
20th century - World leaders. Africa Gnassingbe Eyadema, Togo Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia Jomo Ke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Carnation Revolution - Context
In the beginning of the 1970s, the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo continued to weigh heavily on the country, after a half-centur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books - Evolution
Darwin put forth a theory of natural selection, which contradicted the doctrine of "created kinds" which was derived from a literal readi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Huntington's The Clash Of Civilizations
Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - History
Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Countries
To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The End Of History And The Last Man: Encyclopedia Ii - The End Of History And The Last Man - Criticisms
There have been many criticisms of the 'End of History' thesis. Some of these include: Islamic Fundamentalism. Some critics state that I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 20th Century - Important Developments, Events And Achievements
20th century - Science and technology. The assembly line and mass production of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Problems With The Term Civilization
As discussed above, "civilization" has a number of meanings, and its use can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. However, "civilizati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moynihan Commission On Government Secrecy: Encyclopedia Ii - Moynihan Commission On Government Secrecy - Cold War Secrecy
The Commission findings regarding government secrecy in the early Cold War period have led to a reevaluation of many public perceptions r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Senses Of The Word
Civilization - 1: Literal and technical definitions. By the most minimal, literal definition, a civilization is a complex society. Tech...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Fall Of Civilizations
There have been many explanations put forwards for the collapse of civilization. Edward Gibbon's massive work "The Decline and Fall of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Democratization: Encyclopedia Ii - Democratization - Ideologies And Extremes
This definition however is obviously rooted in a late 20th century concept of democracy, and differs from what democracy would have meant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Carnation Revolution - Consequences
The revolution in Portugal initiated the process which political scientist Samuel P. Huntington, called the "third wave of democratisatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - Origins
The term "superpower" was first used in this context in 1930, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, but did not pick up as a primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement - Criticism Of The Anti-war Movement
Post-September 11 anti-war movement - Allegations of hypocrisy and influence of radical groups. Some opponents of the anti-war movement...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Thought
The term Western is usually associated with the cultural tradition that traces its origins to Greek thought and Christian religion. (See ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - Criteria
The criteria of a superpower are not clearly defined and as a consequence they may differ between sources. The following criteria should ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The End Of History And The Last Man: Encyclopedia Ii - The End Of History And The Last Man - Fukuyama's Thesis
Fukuyama's thesis consists of two main elements.[1] First, there is an empirical argument. Fukuyama points out that since the beginning ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - The Cold War Era
The term 'superpower' was originally coined to describe the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America. Superp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Post-september 11 Anti-war Movement - Left Anti-war Organizations And Rallies
The anti-war movement has organized massive anti-war rallies, in opposition to the War on Terrorism. Some of the most prominent organizat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Thought
The term Western is usually associated with the cultural tradition that traces its origins to Greek thought and Christian religion. (See ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Democratization: Encyclopedia Ii - Democratization - Democratization In Other Contexts
Although democratization is most often thought of in the context of national or regional politics, the term can also be applied to: Demo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Democratization: Encyclopedia Ii - Democratization - Democratization Movements
Today, there are a large number of groups around the world which describe themselves as seeking democratization. In many cases, these gro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Huntington's Theories For Civilizational Clash
Huntington argues that the trends of global conflict are increasingly appearing at these civilizational divisions. Wars such as those fol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Carnation Revolution - Events
In February 1974, Caetano was obliged by the old guard to remove General António Spínola and his underlings as the General tried to cha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Inalienable Rights - Criticism
The concept of inalienable rights was criticized by Jeremy Bentham and Edmund Burke as groundless. Bentham and Burke, writing in the eigh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Senses Of The Word
Civilization - 1: Literal and technical definitions. By the most minimal, literal definition, a civilization is a complex society. Tech...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Westernisation: Encyclopedia Ii - Westernisation - Consequences
Westernisation - America. Due to the European colonization, the American continent has gradually assimilated the European languages. In...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Westernisation: Encyclopedia Ii - Westernisation - Process Of Westernization
Westernisation - Colonization 1492-1960s. Main article: Colonialism From 1492 onward, European imperialism and colonialism spread grad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - Post-military-coup Governments
After the coup, the military is faced with the issue of the type of government to establish. In Latin America, it was common for the post...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inalienable Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Inalienable Rights - Criticism
The concept of inalienable rights has often been criticized for being largely groundless, since no explanation is given as to where these...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - Recent Forms Of Coup
In recent years, the traditional military coup has declined massively in use. A new, more contemporary form of military intervention whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - Types Of Coups
Samuel P. Huntington has divided coups into three types (ignoring Luttwak's non-military coups) Breakthrough coups - In which a revoluti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 20th Century - Overview
The twentieth century saw a remarkable shift in the way that vast numbers of people lived, as a result of technological, medical, social,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 20th Century - Important Developments Events And Achievements
20th century - Science and technology. The assembly line and mass production of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The End Of History And The Last Man: Encyclopedia Ii - The End Of History And The Last Man - Fukuyama's Thesis
Fukuyama's thesis consists of two main elements.[1] First, there is an empirical argument. Fukuyama points out that since the beginning ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The United States 1988-present: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The United States 1988-present - The George W. Bush Administration
Though his election had been the focus of intense controversy which led eventually to a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Bush v. Gore where t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The United States 1988-present: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The United States 1988-present - The Clinton Administration
Riding high on the success of the Gulf War, Bush enjoyed very high approval ratings for his job as president. However, economic problems ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Huntington's Predictions: Analysis And Retrospect
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Huntington appeared prescient to many, and the subsequent attacks by Western states upon Afghanista...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Criticisms Of Huntington's Thesis
Huntington's piece in Foreign Affairs created more responses than almost any other essay ever published in that journal. There have been ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Huntington's Theories For Civilizational Clash
Huntington argues that the trends of global conflict are increasingly appearing at these civilizational divisions. Wars such as those fol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clash Of Civilizations: Encyclopedia Ii - Clash Of Civilizations - Modernization Westernization And Torn Countries
Clash of Civilizations critics often target traditional culture and internal reformers who do not wish to Westernize whilst modernizing. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Controversial Non-fiction Books - Philosophy Of Science
Popper refuted the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science, and put forth falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Superpower: Encyclopedia Ii - Superpower - Criteria
Strong cultural influence, having soft power. Economic and financial: Superior economic power, characterized by access to raw materials...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Senses Of The Word
Civilization - 1: Literal and technical definitions. By the most minimal, literal definition, a civilization is a complex society. Tech...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilian Control Of The Military: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilian Control Of The Military - Contesting Civilian Control
While civilian control forms the normative standard in almost every society outside of military dictatorships, its practice has often bee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Fall Of Civilisations
There have been many explanations put forwards for the collapse of civilisation. Edward Gibbon's massive work "The Decline and Fall of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Democracy: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Democracy - Rise Of Democracy In Modern National Governments
History of democracy - Pre-Eighteenth century milestones. Renaissance humanism was a cultural movement in Europe beginning in central I...   » Read the article