Many passages of the Muslim sacred text, the Qur'an, refer to Tawhīd, passages such as: "In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient, the Most Merciful, Say: He is Allah, the One, Allah is He on whom all depend, He does not beget, nor is He begotten, And (there is) none like Him." (Qur'an, 112:1-4) This passage is commonly ...

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Tawhīd, Tawhīd - Verses from the Qur'ān, Tawhīd - Nullification of Tawheed, Tawhīd - Non-Muslim uses

Read more here: » Tawhīd: Encyclopedia II - Tawhīd - Verses from the Qur'ān

The term "Arabic" may refer either to literary Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic or to the many localized varieties of Arabic commonly called "colloquial Arabic." Arabs consider literary Arabic as the standard language and tend to view everything else as mere dialects. Literary Arabic, al-luġatu-l-ʻarabiyyatu-l-fuṣḥā (Literally: "the most eloquent Arabic language" — See also:

Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable structure, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration, Arabic language - Literature

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic

See varieties of Arabic for main article "Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people throughout the Arab world, which, as mentioned, differ radically from the literary language. The main dialectal division is between the Maghreb dialects and those of the Middle East, followed by that between sedentary dialects and the much more conservative Bedouin dialects. Maltese, though descended from Arabic, is considered a separate language. Speakers of some of these dialects are unable to conve ...

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Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable structure, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration, Arabic language - Literature

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Dialects

According to Ismailis, the pillars of Islam include four of the usual five, plus "love and devotion" to the Imam, the Prophets, and God; purity; [2], and Jihad. The ordering of the pillars as understood by Ismailis is as follows: walayah (love and devotion) for Allah, the Prophets, the imam and the dai taharah (purity & cleanliness) salah (prayers) zakah (purifying religious dues) sawm (fasting) hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) jihad ("struggle"), in the s ...

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Sixth pillar of Islam, Sixth pillar of Islam - Jihad, Sixth pillar of Islam - Allegiance to the Imam

Read more here: » Sixth pillar of Islam: Encyclopedia II - Sixth pillar of Islam - Allegiance to the Imam

Mosques were known to the English-speaking world well before the word to describe them was established. However, in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, variations of the word began to be used. Moseak, muskey, moschy, and mos'keh were just some of the variations that came into use until it was decided that mosquee, imitating Middle French, Italian, and Old Spanish, would become the standard [1]. In the early eighteenth century, the modern spelling became the most popula ...

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Mosque, Mosque - Etymology, Mosque - The first mosques, Mosque - Functions, Mosque - Prayers, Mosque - Other functions, Mosque - Appearance of mosques, Mosque - The qibla wall, Mosque - Types of mosques, Mosque - Traditional mosques, Mosque - Modern-day mosques, Mosque - Notable mosques, Mosque - Men and women in the mosque, Mosque - Women as imams, Mosque - Separation in the mosque, Mosque - Non-muslims in mosques

Read more here: » Mosque: Encyclopedia II - Mosque - Etymology

Because prayer must be preceded by ritual purification, mosques often have ablution fountains or other facilities for washing in their entryways or courtyards. However, worshippers at very small mosques often have to use restrooms to perform their ablutions. In traditional mosques, this function is often elaborated into a freestanding building in the center of a courtyard. Because cleanliness is very important inside the mosque, nearly all mosques prohibit worshippers from entering the carpeted prayer hall with shoes on. Thus, foyers ...

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Mosque, Mosque - Etymology, Mosque - The first mosques, Mosque - Functions, Mosque - Prayers, Mosque - Other functions, Mosque - Appearance of mosques, Mosque - The qibla wall, Mosque - Types of mosques, Mosque - Traditional mosques, Mosque - Modern-day mosques, Mosque - Notable mosques, Mosque - Men and women in the mosque, Mosque - Women as imams, Mosque - Separation in the mosque, Mosque - Non-muslims in mosques

Read more here: » Mosque: Encyclopedia II - Mosque - Appearance of mosques

See Arabic grammar ...

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Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable stucture, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Grammar

The term "Arabic" may refer either to literary Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic or to the many localized varieties of Arabic commonly called "colloquial Arabic." Arabs consider literary Arabic as the standard language and tend to view everything else as mere dialects. Literary Arabic, al-luġatu-l-ʻarabiyyatu-l-fuṣḥā (Literally: "the most eloquent Arabic language" — See also:

Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable stucture, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic

See Arabic grammar ...

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Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable structure, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration, Arabic language - Literature

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Grammar

French media points to the high rates of crime and poverty among certain immigrant communities, and to the influence individual Muslims have had on national athletics, the arts, and popular culture. In France, Islam is especially present in popular suburbs. The Muslim population is very concentrated, mostly in parts of Paris, Marseille, Lyon, and Strasbourg. In Paris suburbs, Seine St-Denis department host numerous Muslim people, and is undergoing high rates of unemployment (30% in La Courneuve). Henceforth, it is one of the most violent ...

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Islam in France, Islam in France - Statistics, Islam in France - Muslim population in France, Islam in France - 1960-70s labor immigration, Islam in France - 2002 creation of a French Council of the Muslim Faith, Islam in France - Second generation immigrants an oxymoron by itself, Islam in France - Muslim religious practices, Islam in France - Education issues, Islam in France - Integration issues, Islam in France - The hijab issue, Islam in France - Political Islam, Islam in France - Government efforts toward integration, Islam in France - Islamism in France, Islam in France - History of Islamic Terrorism in France, Islam in France - Airbus in 1994, Islam in France - Terrorist attacks in 1995

Read more here: » Islam in France: Encyclopedia II - Islam in France - Integration issues

Islamism (Islamisme in French) is a term that is rather less used than others, perhaps due to its lack of precision. The following terms are often used : Islamiste (when referring to a person of extremist opinions), islamique (for a qualifier, the "hidjab" or foulard islamique, or barbe islamique, the beard; does not have the connotation of extremism), mouvement islamique (to refer to a political movement), mouvement intégriste or mouvement extrémiste (to refer to a fundamentalist group) ...

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Islam in France, Islam in France - Statistics, Islam in France - Muslim population in France, Islam in France - 1960-70s labor immigration, Islam in France - 2002 creation of a French Council of the Muslim Faith, Islam in France - Second generation immigrants an oxymoron by itself, Islam in France - Muslim religious practices, Islam in France - Education issues, Islam in France - Integration issues, Islam in France - The hijab issue, Islam in France - Political Islam, Islam in France - Government efforts toward integration, Islam in France - Islamism in France, Islam in France - History of Islamic Terrorism in France, Islam in France - Airbus in 1994, Islam in France - Terrorist attacks in 1995

Read more here: » Islam in France: Encyclopedia II - Islam in France - Islamism in France

The time period within which the Isha prayer must be recited is the following: Time begins: once the Maghrib prayer (sunset daily prayer) has been recited. Time ends: at the beginning of dawn. However, it is very important to recite the prayer as soon as the time begins. ...

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Isha'a, Isha'a - Shia Islam, Isha'a - Sunni Islam

Read more here: » Isha'a: Encyclopedia II - Isha'a - Shia Islam

Since an 1872 law, the French Republic does not take into account religion in its census. Nor does it take into account ethnic claims of ascendency. An Interior ministry source in l'Islam dans la République (Haut Conseil à l'intégration, Nov. 2000, p.26) published the following figures, estimating the distribution of Muslims according to the area of origin: Algeria 1,550,000 Morocco 1,000,000 Tunisia 350,000 Turkey 315,000 Sub-Saharan Africa 250,000 Asians 100,000 French converts 40,000 Other ...

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Islam in France, Islam in France - Statistics, Islam in France - Muslim population in France, Islam in France - 1960-70s labor immigration, Islam in France - 2002 creation of a French Council of the Muslim Faith, Islam in France - Second generation immigrants an oxymoron by itself, Islam in France - Muslim religious practices, Islam in France - Education issues, Islam in France - Integration issues, Islam in France - The hijab issue, Islam in France - Political Islam, Islam in France - Government efforts toward integration, Islam in France - Islamism in France, Islam in France - History of Islamic Terrorism in France, Islam in France - Airbus in 1994, Islam in France - Terrorist attacks in 1995

Read more here: » Islam in France: Encyclopedia II - Islam in France - Statistics

Main article: Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet derives from the Aramaic script (which variety - Nabataean or Syriac - is a matter of scholarly dispute), to which it bears a loose resemblance like that of Coptic or Cyrillic script to Greek script. Traditionally, there were several differences between the Western (Maghrebi) and Eastern version of the alphabet—in particular, the fa and qaf had a dot underneath and a single dot above respectively in the Maghreb, and the order of the letters was slightly different ...

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Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable structure, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration, Arabic language - Literature

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Writing system

Many forms of mosque have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. Notable mosque-types include the early Abbasid mosques, T-type mosques, and the central-dome mosques of Anatolia. The oil-wealth of the twentieth century drove a great deal of mosque construction using designs from leading non-Muslim modern architects and promoting the careers of important contemporary Muslim architects. See also:

Mosque, Mosque - Etymology, Mosque - The first mosques, Mosque - Functions, Mosque - Prayers, Mosque - Other functions, Mosque - Appearance of mosques, Mosque - The qibla wall, Mosque - Types of mosques, Mosque - Traditional mosques, Mosque - Modern-day mosques, Mosque - Notable mosques, Mosque - Men and women in the mosque, Mosque - Women as imams, Mosque - Separation in the mosque, Mosque - Non-muslims in mosques

Read more here: » Mosque: Encyclopedia II - Mosque - Types of mosques

The Alevis have traditionally been discriminated against and persecuted in the rural areas of East Central Turkey which are their heartland. Their religion is tolerated in Turkey, but while compared to the Sunnis they suffer less state intervention into their internal affairs and the contents of their teaching, they also enjoy considerably less financial and organizational privileges. The Turkish state has built and financed Sunni mosques in many almost completely Alevi villages and small towns; many Alevis con ...

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Alevi, Alevi - Alevis, Alevi - People, Alevi - Belief, Alevi - Historical, Alevi - Recent History, Alevi - Music and Poetry, Alevi - Name, Alevi - Literature

Read more here: » Alevi: Encyclopedia II - Alevi - Historical

Main article: Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet derives from the Aramaic script (which variety - Nabataean or Syriac - is a matter of scholarly dispute), to which it bears a loose resemblance like that of Coptic or Cyrillic script to Greek script. Traditionally, there were several differences between the Western (Maghrebi) and Eastern version of the alphabet—in particular, the fa and qaf had a dot underneath and a single dot above respectively in the Maghreb, and the order of the letters was slightly different ...

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Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and Islam, Arabic language - Classification and related languages, Arabic language - Dialects, Arabic language - Sounds, Arabic language - Vowels, Arabic language - Consonants, Arabic language - Syllable stucture, Arabic language - Stress, Arabic language - Dialectal variations, Arabic language - Grammar, Arabic language - Writing system, Arabic language - Calligraphy, Arabic language - Transliteration

Read more here: » Arabic language: Encyclopedia II - Arabic language - Writing system

The Book of Common Prayer constitutes the basis of the liturgy for Anglicans. This contains Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer. In the United States, the 1979 BCP has four offices: Morning Prayer, corresponding to Matins and Lauds Noonday, roughly corresponding to the combination of Terce and Sext Evening Prayer, corresponding to Vespers Order of Worship for the Evening, a prelude to or an abbreviated form of Evening Prayer, also partly taken from a Jewish Lucernaria service Compline In add ...

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Canonical hours, Canonical hours - Catholic Usage, Canonical hours - Judaism and the Early Church, Canonical hours - Middle Ages, Canonical hours - Council of Trent, Canonical hours - Further reforms before the Second Vatican Council, Canonical hours - Catholic usage in the Roman Rite following the Second Vatican Council, Canonical hours - Orthodox usage, Canonical hours - Anglican usage the Book of Common Prayer, Canonical hours - Muslim prayers

Read more here: » Canonical hours: Encyclopedia II - Canonical hours - Anglican usage the Book of Common Prayer

Orthodox prayer books typically provide prayers to be prayed at these hours: (at dawn) Matins ("MATT'-inz") (at ~6 AM) the "first hour" (at ~9 AM) the "third hour" (remembering the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, which happened at this hour) (at Noon) the "sixth hour" (remembering the death of Christ, which happened at this hour) (at ~3 PM) the "ninth hour" (at sunset) Vespers (aka "Evening Prayer") (a ...

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Canonical hours, Canonical hours - Catholic Usage, Canonical hours - Judaism and the Early Church, Canonical hours - Middle Ages, Canonical hours - Council of Trent, Canonical hours - Further reforms before the Second Vatican Council, Canonical hours - Catholic usage in the Roman Rite following the Second Vatican Council, Canonical hours - Orthodox usage, Canonical hours - Anglican usage the Book of Common Prayer, Canonical hours - Muslim prayers

Read more here: » Canonical hours: Encyclopedia II - Canonical hours - Orthodox usage

The time period within which the Asr prayer must be recited is the following: Time begins: the different scholars differ on when the time begins. The majority of Sunni scholars say that at a time when the length of any object's shadow equals the length of the shadow itself plus the length of that object at noon. A minority of scholars say the time begins when the length of any object's shadow is twice the length of the object plus the length of that object's shadow at noon.2 Time ends: at the beginning of the setting of the Sun. However, it is very important to recite the ...

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Asr, Asr - Shia Islam, Asr - Sunni Islam

Read more here: » Asr: Encyclopedia II - Asr - Sunni Islam

Alevis have had an influence even greater than their numbers because of their significant role in Turkish music and poetry. The most important figure is perhaps the mystical poet Yunus Emre, widely regarded as having been Alevi. Other significant poets include Pir Sultan Abdal and Kaygusuz Abdal. Songs attributed to these poet-saints have been not only important to Alevis themselves, but also embraced by musicians on the political left, who saw in the Alevi tradition a link between ...

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Alevi, Alevi - Alevis, Alevi - People, Alevi - Belief, Alevi - Historical, Alevi - Recent History, Alevi - Music and Poetry, Alevi - Name, Alevi - Literature

Read more here: » Alevi: Encyclopedia II - Alevi - Music and Poetry