The Sakas are a peoples that lived in what is now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, Ukraine, and Altai and Siberia in Russia, in the centuries before 300 AD. They are considered to be a branch of Scythians by most scholars. Saka is the usual Persian term, while Scythian is a Greek term. Some of their neighbours included the Sarmatians, Issedones and Massagetae. Their language is poorly known, but seems to have originally been a member of the Iranian family (though some question wheth ...

Including:

• Saka - Connection theories
• Saka - Asian peoples
• Saka - European peoples
• Saka - Sakas in Ancient Indian Literature
• Saka - Degraded Kṣatriyas from the northwest
• Saka - Military actions
• Saka - Military alliance with Chandragupta circa 320 BCE

Read more here: » Saka: Encyclopedia - Saka

See also:

Saka, Saka - Connection theories, Saka - Asian peoples, Saka - European peoples, Saka - Sakas in Ancient Indian Literature, Saka - Degraded Kshatriyas from the northwest, Saka - Military actions, Saka - Military alliance with Chandragupta circa 320 BCE

Read more here: » Saka: Encyclopedia II - Saka - Connection theories

Saka (Sanskrit) An era, epoch.

(See also: Saka, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia - Scythia

The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. They find mention in the Puranas, Mahabharata and other ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature. Sanskrit term ashva , Iranian aspa and Prakrit assa means horse. The name Ashvaka or Assaka is said to be derived from Sanskrit Ashva or Prakrit Assa and it litterally denotes someone connected with the horses---hence: a horseman, or a cavalryman. The Ashvakas were especially engaged in the occupation of breeding, raising an ...

Including:

• Ashvakas - Geographical location
• Ashvakas - Ashvakas are the Kambojas
• Ashvakas - Buddhist Texts evidence
• Ashvakas - Mahabharata evidence
• Ashvakas - Ashvaka coins and Arthashastra evidence
• Ashvakas - More opinions from scholars
• Ashvakas - Afghan and Ashvakan relationship
• Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in ancient wars
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of Haihaya Yadavas
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of king Jarasandha of Magadha
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of Kurus in Mahabharta war
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of Vashishtha against Vishwamitra
• Ashvakas - In the armies of Persians against Greeks
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of Chandra Gupta Maurya
• Ashvakas - Military supporters of king Brihadratha Maurya
• Ashvakas - Yavana and Kamboja cavalry invades Mid India
• Ashvakas - Saka Kamboja Pahlava cavalry invades north-west India
• Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in the army of Palas of Bengal
• Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in the army of Gurjara-Pratiharas

Read more here: » Ashvakas: Encyclopedia - Ashvakas

The Cimmerians (Greek Kimmerioi) were ancient equestrian nomads who, according to Herodotus, originally inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and the Black Sea, in what is now Russia and Ukraine, in the 8th and 7th century BC. Assyrian records, however, first place them in the region of Azerbaijan in 714 BC. Cimmerians - Origins. Their origins are obscure, but they are believed to have been Indo-European. Their language is regarded as being related to either Thracian or Iranian. The Thracian the ...

Including:

• Cimmerians - Origins
• Cimmerians - Historical accounts
• Cimmerians - Timeline
• Cimmerians - Language
• Cimmerians - Possible offshoots
• Cimmerians - Archaeology

Read more here: » Cimmerians: Encyclopedia - Cimmerians

Sai may be: Sai (weapon), a weapon used in certain martial arts, of Okinawan origin Sai (game), a variant of the game Mancala. Sai, Aomori, a village in Aomori prefecture, Japan Sai, Orne, a commune in the département of Orne, France Social Accountability International, a U.S.-based, nonprofit organization dedicated to the development, implementation, and oversight of voluntary verifiable social accountability standards sa-intl.org The Chinese name for the Saka, tribes of east

Read more here: » Sai: Encyclopedia - Sai

The Western Kshatrapas, or Western Satraps, (35-405 CE) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states). They were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the Satavahana (Andhra) who ruled in Central India. Altogether, there were 27 independent Kshatrapa rulers during a period of about 350 years. The word Kshatrapa stands for satrap, and its equivalent in Pe ...

Including:

• Western Kshatrapas - History
• Western Kshatrapas - Coinage
• Western Kshatrapas - Main rulers

Read more here: » Western Kshatrapas: Encyclopedia - Western Kshatrapas

Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 20s - 30s - 40s - 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s - 110s - 120s 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Note: Sometimes the '70s is used as shorthand for the 1970s, the 1870s, or other such decades in other centuries 70s - Events and trends. Year 78 - the beginning of the Saka Era South Asian calendar system. Year 79 - Mount Vesuvius devastating eruption. 70s ...

Including:

• 70s - Events and trends
• 70s - Significant people

Read more here: » 70s: Encyclopedia - 70s

Uisang (625 - 702) was one of the most eminent early Silla scholar-monks, a close friend of Wonhyo (元曉). He traveled to China, studying at Mt. Zhongnan as a student of the influential Huayan master Zhiyan (智儼) and as a senior colleague of Fazang (法藏). He became an expert in Huayan (華嚴) doctrine and was the founder of the Korean Hwaeom school. He was famous as a temple builder. Most well-known among his writings is the Hwaeom ilseung peopkye to(Chart of the Avata ṃsaka Single V ...

Read more here: » Uisang: Encyclopedia - Uisang

The Avataṃsaka Sūtra (Chinese 華嚴經; pinyin hua yan jing) is one of the most influential scriptures in East Asian Buddhism. The title is rendered in English as Flower Garland Sutra, Flower Adornment Sutra, or Flower Ornament Scripture. This text describes a cosmos of infinite realms upon realms, mutually containing each other. The vision expressed in this work was the foundation for the creation of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism, which was characterized by a philosophy o ...

Read more here: » Avatamsaka Sutra: Encyclopedia - Avatamsaka Sutra

Asanga (also called Aryasanga), born around 300 C.E., was a great exponent of the Yogacara. Born in Gandhara in north India as a Brahmin's son, he was perhaps originally a member of the Mahīśāsaka or the Mūlasarvāstivāda school but later converted to Mahāyāna; after many years of intense meditation, during which time some traditions say that he often visited Tushita Heaven to receive teachings from Maitreya-nātha. He went on to write many of the key Yogācāra treatises such as the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, the Mahāy ...

Including:

• Asanga - External link

Read more here: » Asanga: Encyclopedia - Asanga

Main article: Sakas Sakas was the name given to Scythians in Asia, especially by Persians. The Indo-Scythians were named "Shaka" in India, an extension on the name "Saka". Herodotus describes them as Scythians, called by a different name: "The Sacae, or Scyths, were clad in trousers, and had on their heads tall stiff caps rising to a point. They bore the bow of their country and the dagger; besides which they carried the battle-axe, or sagaris. They were in truth Amyrgian (Western) Scythians, but the Persians called them Sacae, since that is the name which they gave to all Scyth ...

See also:

Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - Sakas

The name Rishika occurs in Mahabharata as a part of Saka-dvipa (2.27.25; India as Known to Panini, p 64). Lohan. Parama.Kambojan.Rishikan.uttaranapi | sahita.nstanmaharaja vyajayatpakashasanih ||2.27.25|| These northern Rishikas have been addressed as Uttara Rishikas (i.e. Rishikan.uttaranapi) and are shown as very close neighbors of the norther ...

See also:

Rishikas, Rishikas - Rishikas on Sarasvati/Greater Panjab, Rishikas - Rishikas in Saka-dvipa, Rishikas - Rishikas in South-west India, Rishikas - On Kamboja Rishika Connection?, Rishikas - Conclusions

Read more here: » Rishikas: Encyclopedia II - Rishikas - Rishikas in Saka-dvipa

The name Rishika occurs in Mahabharata as a part of Saka-dvipa (2.27.25; India as Known to Panini, p 64). Lohan. Parama. Kambojan. Rishikan.uttaranapi | sahita.nstanmaharaja vyajayatpakashasanih ||2.27.25|| These northern Rishikas have been addressed as Uttara Rishikas (i.e. Rishikan.uttaranapi) and are shown as very close neighbors of the norther ...

See also:

Rishikas, Rishikas - Rishikas on Sarasvati/Greater Panjab, Rishikas - Rishikas in Saka-dvipa, Rishikas - Rishikas in South-west India, Rishikas - On Kamboja Rishika Connection?, Rishikas - Conclusions

Read more here: » Rishikas: Encyclopedia II - Rishikas - Rishikas in Saka-dvipa

Scythia - Overview. To date, no widely accepted explanation exists for the origin of the Scythians, nor how they migrated to the Caucasus and Ukraine; but many scholars conjecture that they migrated westward from Central Asia between 800 BC and 600 BC. Herodotus says that the land where the Scythians originated was called Gerrhos. They would prepare their dead and travel with them long distances t ...

See also:

Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - History

When the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian described Ta-Yuan around 128 BCE, he mentioned, besides the flourishing urban civilization, warriors "shooting arrows on horseback", a probable description of Saka nomad warriors. Ta-Yuan had probably by then become a caste of nomadic people ruling over a pre-existing agricultural population. Also in 106–101 BCE, during their conflict against China, the country of Ta-Yuan is said to have been an ally with the neighbouring tribes of the Kang-Kiu (Sogdians). The Chinese also record the name of the kin ...

See also:

Ta-Yuan, Ta-Yuan - Hellenistic rule 329–160 BCE, Ta-Yuan - Greco-Bactrian kingdom 250–160 BCE, Ta-Yuan - Saka rule 160 BCE onward, Ta-Yuan - Yuezhi by-pass 155 BCE, Ta-Yuan - Interaction with China 130 BCE onward, Ta-Yuan - Urbanized city-dwellers, Ta-Yuan - Caucasian traits, Ta-Yuan - Interactions with China, Ta-Yuan - An era of East-West trade and cultural exchange

Read more here: » Ta-Yuan: Encyclopedia II - Ta-Yuan - Saka rule 160 BCE onward

The Saka invasion of India in second century BCE was a joint military venture in which the allied tribes of the Shakas, Pahlavas, Kambojas, Paradas, Rishikas etc seem to have participated. These tribes had spread into and occupied the parts of western and south-western India. Thus, the Rishikas are attested in later literature as living in south-western/southern parts of India also. Some verses in Karanaparava and Bhishmaparava of Mahabharata composed and added during post-Christian times refer to the Rishikas in Dakshinapatha or southern India and ...

See also:

Rishikas, Rishikas - Rishikas on Sarasvati/Greater Panjab, Rishikas - Rishikas in Saka-dvipa, Rishikas - Rishikas in South-west India, Rishikas - On Kamboja Rishika Connection?, Rishikas - Conclusions

Read more here: » Rishikas: Encyclopedia II - Rishikas - Rishikas in South-west India

Saka Dwipa (Sanskrit). One of the seven islands or continents mentioned in the Puranas (ancient works).

(See also: Saka Dwipa, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

The decline of the Empire left the sub-continent open to Greco-Bactrian expansion. Southern Afghanistan was absorbed by Demetrius of Bactria in 180 BCE. Round about 185BC, Demetrius, King of Bactria invaded and conquered Gandhara and the Punjab. Later, wars between different groups of Greek settlers of Bactria, resulted independence of Gandhara from Bactria. Menander was the most famous king. He ruled from Taxila and later from Sagala (Sialkot). He rebuilt Taxila (Sirkup) and Pushkalavati. He became Buddhist and remembered in Buddhists records ...

See also:

Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link

Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas