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ARTICLES RELATED TO Sacred Band of Thebes | |
| | |  Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia - Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...
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Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander the Great |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire.
Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Military use of children - Modern developments Children have been both participants in and victims of atrocities. The recruitment of children as soldiers is a practice that has survived into modern times.
Children have been used as spotters, observers, message-carriers, and even as human shields. The last case is particularly problematic: if the hostage value of the child is respected, children will be increasingly used as human shields, and the soldier is placed at a tactical disadvantage. If not, soldiers must suffer the morale effects of wounding and killing children in self-defense. In any case, a great deal of propaganda value can be gained from ...
See also:Military use of children, Military use of children - History, Military use of children - International law, Military use of children - Modern developments, Military use of children - United States in Vietnam, Military use of children - Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Military use of children - Soviet Union in Afghanistan, Military use of children - Iran, Military use of children - Other conflicts, Military use of children - The military use of children by western countries, Military use of children - United Kingdom, Military use of children - United States, Military use of children - Movement to stop military use of children Read more here: » Military use of children: Encyclopedia II - Military use of children - Modern developments |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality - Academic study The manifestation of sexual orientation is subject to a considerable variability. Thus it is common for homosexual individuals in heteronormative societies to love, marry, and have children with individuals of the opposite sex, a practice that may be done primarily for social reasons in societies which reject same-sex relations, as a cover for one's orientation (such relationships are known as "beards"). The opposite situation seems to obtain in homonormative societies, where men whose primary attraction may be to the opposite sex nonetheles ...
See also:Homosexuality, Homosexuality - Etymology and usage, Homosexuality - Academic study, Homosexuality - Anthropology, Homosexuality - Biology, Homosexuality - Psychology, Homosexuality - Nature versus nurture, Homosexuality - Societal attitudes, Homosexuality - Modern law, Homosexuality - Understudied phenomena, Homosexuality - Political aspects, Homosexuality - Military, Homosexuality - Youth groups, Homosexuality - Religion, Homosexuality - Polemic, Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices, Homosexuality - Africa, Homosexuality - Americas, Homosexuality - East Asia, Homosexuality - Europe, Homosexuality - Middle East and Central Asia, Homosexuality - South Pacific, Homosexuality - Modern Developments, Homosexuality - Art and literature, Homosexuality - Articles, Homosexuality - Categories Read more here: » Homosexuality: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality - Academic study |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire.
Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Philip II of Macedon - Life Born in Pella, Philip was the youngest son of King Amyntas III and Eurydice. In his youth, (ca. 368 BC–365 BC) Philip was a hostage in Thebes, which was the most prominent city of Greece at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from Epaminondas, was involved in a pederastic relationship with Pelopidas and lived with Pammenes, who was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes. In 364 BC, Philip returned to Macedonia. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, King Alexander II ...
See also:Philip II of Macedon, Philip II of Macedon - Life, Philip II of Macedon - Philip's assassination, Philip II of Macedon - Archaelogical findings Read more here: » Philip II of Macedon: Encyclopedia II - Philip II of Macedon - Life |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Greek city-states Homosexuality among males in the militaries and warriors of ancient Greek city-states were documented by many historians throughout the ages. However the importance of them in establishing military formations varied. The relationships themselves were widespread as remarks of Philip II of Macedon's recorded by Plutarch demonstrates:
"It is not only the most warlike peoples, the Boeotians, Spartans, and Cretans, who are the most susceptible to this kind of love but also the great ...
See also:Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Greek city-states, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Social aspects, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Historians Read more here: » Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece - Greek city-states |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire.
Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians [1] and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At H ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military The Sacred Band of Thebes, a separate military unit reserved only for homosexuals, is usually considered as the prime example of how the ancient Greeks used relationships between soldiers in a troop to boost theit fighting spirit. The Thebans attributed to theSacred Band the power of Thebes for the generation before its fall to Philip II of Macedon, who was so impressed with their bravery during battle, he erected a monument that still stands today on their gravesite. He also gave a ha ...
See also:Homosexuality in ancient Greece, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historians, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Pederasty Read more here: » Homosexuality in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias was impregnated not by Philip, who was afraid of her and her affinity for sleeping in the company of snakes, but by Zeus. Plutarch (Alexander 2.2-3) relates that both Philip and Olympias dreamt of their son's future birth. Olympias dreamed of a loud burst of thunder and of lightning striking her womb. In Philip's dream, he sealed her womb with the seal of the lion. Alarmed by this, he consulted the seer Aristander of Telmessus, who determined that his wife was pregnant and ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and probable lover, Hephaestion. They had most likely been best friends since childhood for Hephaestion too received his education at the court of Alexander's father. Hephaestion makes his appearance in history at the point when Alexander reaches Troy. There the two friends made sacrifices at the shrines of the two heroes Achilles and Patroclus, Alexander honoring Achilles, and Hephaestion honoring Patroclus ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices Sexual customs have varied greatly over time and from one region to another. These, as well as the orientation of particular pre-contemporary figures continue to be studied. Modern Western gay culture, largely a product of 19th century psychology as well as the years of post-Stonewall gay liberation, is a relatively novel manifestation of same-sex love. It is generally not applicable as a standard when investigating same-gender sex and historical opinions and beliefs held by other people.
It is generally accepted that the lives of his ...
See also:Homosexuality, Homosexuality - Etymology and usage, Homosexuality - Academic study, Homosexuality - Anthropology, Homosexuality - Biology, Homosexuality - Psychology, Homosexuality - Nature versus nurture, Homosexuality - Societal attitudes, Homosexuality - Modern law, Homosexuality - Understudied phenomena, Homosexuality - Political aspects, Homosexuality - Military, Homosexuality - Youth groups, Homosexuality - Religion, Homosexuality - Polemic, Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices, Homosexuality - Africa, Homosexuality - Americas, Homosexuality - East Asia, Homosexuality - Europe, Homosexuality - Middle East and Central Asia, Homosexuality - South Pacific, Homosexuality - Modern Developments, Homosexuality - Art and literature, Homosexuality - Articles, Homosexuality - Categories Read more here: » Homosexuality: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Death On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was just one month shy of attaining 33 years of age. Various theories have been proposed for the cause of his death which include poisoning by the sons of Antipater or others, sickness that followed a drinking party, or a relapse of the malaria he had contracted in 336 BC.
What is certain is that on May 29, Alexander participated in a banquet organized by his friend Medius of Larissa. After some heavy drin ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Death |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love Sappho, a poet from the island of Lesbos, was mistress of a school of girls and wrote love poems to many of her young students, with whom she often fell in love and who often reciprocated her feelings. She is thought to have written close to 12,000 lines of poetry on her love for other women. Of these, only about 600 lines have survived concerted efforts to obliterate her works. As a result of her fame in antiquity, she and her land have become emblematic of love between women.
In general, the historical record of same-sex love between women is sparse. Thi ...
See also:Homosexuality in ancient Greece, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historians, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Pederasty Read more here: » Homosexuality in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men Many believe the first recorded appearance of such desire was in the Iliad (800 BC). The intentions of the Iliad have been a subject of much debate. An abundance of evidence exists that by the beginning of the Hellenistic era (480 BC) the Iliad’s heroes Achilles and Patroclus were icons of male homosexuality. Unlike the modern construction of homosexuality, such relationships were not seen as markers of identity but as activities that some engaged in.
The ancient Greeks made efforts to establish a ...
See also:Homosexuality in ancient Greece, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historians, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Pederasty Read more here: » Homosexuality in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples
Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors.
Notable ancient Greek warriors who had same-sex love relationships:
Aristomenes - Prince of the Messenians and Arcadians
Cimon - leader of the Delian League forces and the Athenian navy, gained notoriety in the Persian Wars
Asopichus - great warrior and lover of Epaminondas
Caphisodorus - warrior and lover of Epaminondas whom he died with at the Battle of Mantineia
Cleomachus - led Chalcis to victory in the Lelantine Wars ...
See also:Homosexuality in ancient Greece, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historians, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Pederasty Read more here: » Homosexuality in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples |
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| | | | Sacred Band of Thebes: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend Alexander was a legend in his own time. His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. Writing after Alexander's death, another participant, Onesicritus, went so far as to invent a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. When Onesicritus read this passage to his patron, Alexander's general and later King Lysimachus, Lysimac ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend |
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