Rulers of Damascus

Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640) Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661) Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus. Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680) Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684) Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)See also:

Rulers of Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Canaanite, Rulers of Damascus - Aram Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Period of non-independence, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Abbasid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Fatimid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Seljuk emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Burid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Zengid atabegs, Rulers of Damascus - Ayyubid sultans, Rulers of Damascus - Mameluk Bahrid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ottoman walis, Rulers of Damascus - Hashemite kingdom, Rulers of Damascus - Capital of Syria

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Damascus (Arabic officially دمشق Dimashq, colloquially ash-Sham الشام) is the capital city of Syria. It is often referred to as 'the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the world'. Its current population is estimated at about 2 million. Damascus - Name. In Arabic, the city is called دمشق الشام Dimashq ash-Sham. Although this is often shortened to Dimashq by many, the citizens of Damascus, and of Syria and some other Arab neighbors, colloquially call the city < ...

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• Damascus - Name
• Damascus - Geography
• Damascus - History
• Damascus - Ancient
• Damascus - Greco-Roman
• Damascus - From the Muslim conquest to the Fatimids
• Damascus - Fatimids the Crusades and the Seljuks
• Damascus - Mamluk rule
• Damascus - Timurlank
• Damascus - The Ottoman conquest
• Damascus - Rise of Arab nationalism
• Damascus - Modern
• Damascus - Historical sites
• Damascus - The walls and gates of Damascus
• Damascus - Born in Damascus
• Damascus - Further References

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Damascus - Ancient. Excavations at Tell Ramad on the outskirts of the city have demonstrated that Damascus has been inhabited as early as 8,000 to 10,000 BC. It is due to this that Damascus is considered to be the oldest continually inhabited city in the world. However, Damascus is not documented as an important city until the coming of the Aramaeans, Semitic nomads who arrived from the Arabian peninsula. It is known that it was the Aramaeans who first established the water distribution system of Damascus by cons ...

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Damascus, Damascus - Name, Damascus - Geography, Damascus - History, Damascus - Ancient, Damascus - Greco-Roman, Damascus - From the Muslim conquest to the Fatimids, Damascus - Fatimids the Crusades and the Seljuks, Damascus - Mamluk rule, Damascus - Timurlank, Damascus - The Ottoman conquest, Damascus - Rise of Arab nationalism, Damascus - Modern, Damascus - Historical sites, Damascus - The walls and gates of Damascus, Damascus - Born in Damascus, Damascus - Further References

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Although rapid economic development followed the declaration of independence, Syrian politics from independence through the late 1960s was marked by upheaval. Between 1946 and 1956, Syria had 20 different cabinets and drafted four separate constitutions. In 1948, Syria was involved in the Arab-Israeli War. The Syrian army was pressed out of the Israel area, but fortified their strongholds on the Golan Heights and managed to keep their old borders. A series of military coups, begun in 1949, undermined civilian rule and led to army colonel Adi ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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Rulers of Aleppo - Sultanate of Aleppo 1094–1260. Seljuq Dynasty in Aleppo and Damascus: Ak Sunkur Qasim al-Awla, Governor of Aleppo and Damascus until 1094 Tausch, Sultan of Aleppo and Damascus 1094–1095 Seljuq Dynasty in Aleppo: Rodwan ibn Tausch 1095–1113 Alp Arslan al-Akhies ibn-Rodwan 1113–1114 Sultan Shah ibn-Rodwan 1114–1117 Artuk Dynasty in Aleppo: Ghazi ibn-Artuk 1117 Timurtash ibn-al-Ghazi 11 ...

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Rulers of Aleppo, Rulers of Aleppo - Seleucids, Rulers of Aleppo - Romans and Byzantines, Rulers of Aleppo - Muslim Arabs, Rulers of Aleppo - Hamdanids, Rulers of Aleppo - Byzantines, Rulers of Aleppo - Sultanate of Aleppo 1094–1260

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Damascus has a wealth of historical sites dating back to many different periods of the city's history. Since the city has been built up with every passing occupation, it has become almost impossible to excavate all the ruins of Damascus that lie up to 8 feet below the modern level. The Citadel of Damascus is located in the northwest corner of the Old City. The street called straight (referred to in the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was one of the main streets of Roman Damascus, and extended ...

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Damascus, Damascus - Name, Damascus - Geography, Damascus - History, Damascus - Ancient, Damascus - Greco-Roman, Damascus - From the Muslim conquest to the Fatimids, Damascus - Fatimids the Crusades and the Seljuks, Damascus - Mamluk rule, Damascus - Timurlank, Damascus - The Ottoman conquest, Damascus - Rise of Arab nationalism, Damascus - Modern, Damascus - Historical sites, Damascus - The walls and gates of Damascus, Damascus - Born in Damascus, Damascus - Further References

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Syria is significant in the history of Christianity; Paul was converted on the road to Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch in ancient Syria, from which he left on many of his missionary journeys. In the 7th century, Syria was conquered by the Arabs, and the present culture dates from that Moslem conquest. Sections of the coastline of Syria were briefly held by Frankish overlords during the Crusades in the 12th century. In the 13th century, the first Mongols arrived, destroying cities and irrigation ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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History of Syria - Eblan civilization. Main article: Ebla Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth. Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, discovered in 1975, a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. Ebla appears to have been founded around 3000 BC and gradually built its empire through trade with the cities of Sumer and Akkad, as well as with peoples to the nort ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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Hafiz Al-Asad died on June 10, 2000, after 30 years in power. Immediately following Al-Asad's death, the Parliament amended the constitution, reducing the mandatory minimum age of the President from 40 to 34 years old, which allowed his son, Bashar Al-Asad legally to be eligible for nomination by the ruling Ba'ath party. On July 10, 2000, Bashar Al-Asad was elected President by referendum in which he ran unopposed, garnering 97.29% of the ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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Damascus lies about 80 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. It lies on a plateau 680 meters above sea-level. Damascus is located at 33°30' North, 36°18' East (33.5, 36.3). [2] The old city of Damascus, enclosed by the city walls, lies on the south bank of the river Barada. To the south-east, north and north-east it is surrounded by suburban areas whose history stretches back to the Middle Ages: Midan in the south-west, Sarouja and Imara in the north and north-west. These districts originally ...

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Damascus, Damascus - Name, Damascus - Geography, Damascus - History, Damascus - Ancient, Damascus - Greco-Roman, Damascus - From the Muslim conquest to the Fatimids, Damascus - Fatimids the Crusades and the Seljuks, Damascus - Mamluk rule, Damascus - Timurlank, Damascus - The Ottoman conquest, Damascus - Rise of Arab nationalism, Damascus - Modern, Damascus - Historical sites, Damascus - The walls and gates of Damascus, Damascus - Born in Damascus, Damascus - Further References

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During the second millennium BC, Syria was occupied successively by Canaanites, Phoenicians,and Arameans as part of the general disruptions associated with the Sea Peoples. The Hebrews eventually settled south of Damascus, in the areas later known as Palestine; the Phoenicians settled along the coastline of these areas as well as in the west, in the area (Lebanon) already known for its cedars. Egyptians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Hittites variously occupied the strategic ground of Syria during this period, as it was a marchland ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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Main article: French Mandate of Syria In 1920, an independent Arab Kingdom of Syria was established under King Faisal of the Hashemite family, who later became the King of Iraq. However, his rule over Syria ended after only a few months, following the clash between his Syrian Arab forces and regular French forces at the Battle of Maysalun. French troops occupied Syria later that year after the League of Nations put Syria under French mandate. With the fall of France in 1940 during World War II, Syria came under the control of t ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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Upon assuming power, Hafiz al-Asad moved quickly to create an organizational infrastructure for his government and to consolidate control. The Provisional Regional Command of Asad's Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party nominated a 173-member legislature, the People's Council, in which the Ba'ath Party took 87 seats. The remaining seats were divided among "popular organizations" and other minor parties. In March 1971, the party held its regional congress and elected a new 21-member Regional Command headed by Asad. In the same month, a national referen ...

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History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

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See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt An ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Lists of office-holders - Australia. Premiers of New South Wales Premiers of Queensland Premiers of South Australia Premiers of Tasmania Premiers of Victoria Premier of Western Australia Heads of Government of Norfolk Island Chief Minister of the Northern Territory Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory Governors of New South Wales Governors of Queensland Governors of South AustraliaSee also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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See also international organization leaders by year. President of the European Commission United Nations Secretary-General United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees International Monetary Fund Managing Directors Director-General of the World Trade Organization NATO Secretaries General FIFA presidents International Olympic Committee Presidents See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Lists of office-holders - Ancient world. Akkad Kings of Akkad Gutian kings Assyria Kings of Assyria Athens King of Athens Archons of Athens Axumite Kingdom Kings of Axum Babylon Kings of Babylon Bithynia Kings of Bithynia British Isles Great Britain Legendary Kings of the Britons Roman ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Lists of office-holders - Australia. Premiers of New South Wales Premiers of Queensland Premiers of South Australia Premiers of Tasmania Premiers of Victoria Premier of Western Australia Heads of Government of Norfolk Island Chief Minister of the Northern Territory Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory Governors of New South Wales Governors of Queensland Governors of South AustraliaSee also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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