The Ulster Volunteer Force (more commonly referred to as the UVF or by some of its supporters The Peoples Army) is a loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. The current incarnation was formed in May 1966 and named after the UVF of 1912. The original UVF was formed by Edward Carson and James Craig as a Unionist militia in the tensions surrounding the potential success of the third Home Rule campaign. Some contemporary estimates put its membership at over 100,000. Carson and Craig, supported by some English Conser ...

Read more here: » Ulster Volunteer Force: Encyclopedia - Ulster Volunteer Force

The British 36th (Ulster) Division was a New Army division formed in September 1914. Originally called the Ulster Division, it was made up of members of the Ulster Volunteer Force who formed 13 additional battalions for three existing Irish regiments; the Royal Irish Fusiliers, the Royal Irish Rifles and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. The division served on the Western Front for the duration o ...

Including:

• British 36th Ulster Division - Unit history
• British 36th Ulster Division - Formation
• British 36th Ulster Division - Battles

Read more here: » British 36th Ulster Division: Encyclopedia - British 36th Ulster Division

The opportunity for a swift victory at Chunuk Bair had been lost. By 8 am the Turks had started firing on the New Zealanders on the spur. The commander of the Turkish 9th Division, German Lieutenant Colonel Hans Kannengiesser, had reached the summit and was preparing its defence. In broad daylight, after an exhausting climb and faced by stiffening opposition, the prospects for an New Zealand assault against the peak ...

See also:

Battle of Chunuk Bair, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Prelude, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Rhododendron Spur, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Chunuk Bair Çanak Bayırı, Battle of Chunuk Bair - The Farm, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Chunuk Bair: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Chunuk Bair - Chunuk Bair Çanak Bayırı

The 8th and 9th Battalions of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers combined to form the 8/9th Battalion in October 1917 which was subsequently disbanded in February 1918. 49th Brigade  7th (Service) Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers (merged with 8th Battalion October 1916, disbanded February 1918) 8th (Service) Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers (merged with 7th Battalion October 1916, disbanded February 1918) 7th (Service) Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers (merged with ...

See also:

British 16th Irish Division, British 16th Irish Division - Formation, British 16th Irish Division - Battles, British 16th Irish Division - Reading

Read more here: » British 16th Irish Division: Encyclopedia II - British 16th Irish Division - Formation

The brigade moved to the 25th Division in October 1915 and was replaced by the 76th Brigade. 8th Brigade  2nd Battalion, the Royal Scots Regiment 8th (Service) Battalion, The East Yorkshire Regiment 7th (Service) Battalion, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry 1st Battalion, the Royal Scots Fusiliers The following battalions joined the brigade for periods in 1914 and 1915. 2nd Battalion, the Royal Irish Regiment (from August 1914 to March 19 ...

See also:

British 3rd Division World War I, British 3rd Division World War I - Unit history, British 3rd Division World War I - Formation, British 3rd Division World War I - Battles

Read more here: » British 3rd Division World War I: Encyclopedia II - British 3rd Division World War I - Formation

Between October 1915 and July 1916, the brigade swapped with the 70th Brigade from the 23rd Division. 25th Brigade  2nd Battalion, The Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment) 2nd Battalion, The Rifle Brigade 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles (until February 1918) 2nd Battalion, The Lincolnshire Regiment (until February 1918) 2nd Battalion, the East Lancashire Regiment (from 24th Bde. February 1918) 1/8th Battalion, ...

See also:

British 8th Division World War I, British 8th Division World War I - Unit history, British 8th Division World War I - Formation, British 8th Division World War I - Battles

Read more here: » British 8th Division World War I: Encyclopedia II - British 8th Division World War I - Formation

Orange Order - Roots. The Orange Order was founded in the 1790s, but its roots go back to conflicts arising out of the creation of English and Scottish Protestant communities in Ulster in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the Plantation of Ulster, lands were seized from the native Irish and Catholic population and "planted" with Presbyterian settlers from the Lowlands of Scotland and Anglicans from northern England. This included many of the infamous border Reiver clans. Small numbers of Gaelic-speaking Highland Sc ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - History and origins

In August 1917 the 8th and 9th battalions of the Royal Irish Rifles amalgamated to form the 8/9th Battalion which disbanded in February 1918. Between November 1915 and February 1916 the brigade swapped with the 12th Brigade from the 4th Division. 108th Brigade  9th (Service) Battalion, the Royal Irish Fusiliers 12th (Service) Battalion (Central Antrim), the Royal Irish Rifles 2nd Battalion, the Royal Irish Rifles (from November 1917 to 107th Bde. February 1918) ...

See also:

British 36th Ulster Division, British 36th Ulster Division - Unit history, British 36th Ulster Division - Formation, British 36th Ulster Division - Battles

Read more here: » British 36th Ulster Division: Encyclopedia II - British 36th Ulster Division - Formation

The approach to the peak was made along Rhododendron Spur which ran from the beach to the peak of Chunuk Bair. The Turks had outposts along the spur at the Table Top, Destroyer Hill and nearest the beach at Old No. 3 Outpost. There was also a Turkish outpost on Bauchop's Hill to the north. All these outposts had to be cleared by the covering force, the four regiments of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, before the main assault column could proceed up the spur to the summit. The Auckland regiment cleared Old No. 3 Outpost and the Wellin ...

See also:

Battle of Chunuk Bair, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Prelude, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Rhododendron Spur, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Chunuk Bair Çanak Bayırı, Battle of Chunuk Bair - The Farm, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Chunuk Bair: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Chunuk Bair - Rhododendron Spur

The basis of the modern Orange Order is the promotion and propagation of "biblical Protestantism" and the principles of the Reformation. As such the Order only accepts those who confess a belief in a Protestant religion. Monthly meetings are held in Orange Halls or "Lodges." The Order has a system of "degrees" which new members advance through. These degrees are interactive "plays" founded solely on passages of the Bible. Parades form a large part of Orange culture. Most Orange Lodges hold an annual parade from their Orange Hall to a local c ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - Religion and Culture

General Godley remained at his headquarters near the beach, largely ignorant of the state of the fighting. His plan for August 9 was to take Hill Q. The main force for the assault was a brigade commanded by Brigadier General Anthony Baldwin. Baldwin commanded the 38th Brigade of the 13th Division but the situation was so confused that the force he led towards Hill Q contained only one of his normal battalions, the 6th East Lancashires. He also had the 9th Worcestershires and 9th Royal Warwicks from the 39th Brigade and the 5th Wiltshires fro ...

See also:

Battle of Chunuk Bair, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Prelude, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Rhododendron Spur, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Chunuk Bair Çanak Bayırı, Battle of Chunuk Bair - The Farm, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Chunuk Bair: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Chunuk Bair - The Farm

On the night of August 6, at the same time as the British IX Corps began landing at Suvla to the north, the breakout from the Anzac sector was made by units of the New Zealand and Australian Division under the command of General Alexander Godley, a man whose callous indifference to the plight of his troops made him a caricature worthy of Blackadder Goes Forth. Two columns of troops were directed at two peaks of the dominating ridge which were expected to be captured by dawn on August 7. Both columns were preceded by a covering force to clear the Turkish outposts and ...

See also:

Battle of Chunuk Bair, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Prelude, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Rhododendron Spur, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Chunuk Bair Çanak Bayırı, Battle of Chunuk Bair - The Farm, Battle of Chunuk Bair - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Chunuk Bair: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Chunuk Bair - Prelude

Three members have been Prime Ministers of Canada, namely Sir John A. Macdonald, the father of Canadian Confederation, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, a Past Grand Master, and John Diefenbaker. Premier Joseph Smallwood, who brought Newfoundland (which is often described as the most Irish place outside Ireland, see article Irish Newfoundlanders) into the Canadian Confederation in 1949, was also an Orangeman. The Orange Order played an important role in the history of Canada, where it was established in 1830. Most early members were from Ireland, but later many English, Scots, and other Protestant Europeans ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada

Members are required to be Protestant with a belief in the Trinity, which excludes Unitarians and certain other Christian denominations and all non-Christians. Most jurisdictions require both the spouse and parents of potential applicants to be Protestant, although the Grand Lodge can be appealed to make exceptions for converts. Members of the Order face the threat of expulsion for attending any Catholic religious ceremonies. When in 1998 Ulster Unionist Party leader and Northern Ireland First Minister-designate, David Trimble representing N ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - Requirements for entry

The Twelfth however remains a deeply divisive issue, not least because of allegations of triumphalism and anti-Catholicism against the Orange Order in the conduct of its marches and criticism of its behaviour towards Roman Catholics. Most Orange Order marches in Ireland are uncontroversial; marches in the Republic of Ireland, notably in Rossknowlagh, County Donegal, require minimal policing and attract non-Orange Order members, including Roman Catholics, to watch. However at a few flashpoints, marches have become highly controversial. ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - The Twelfth

The basis of the modern Orange Order is the promotion and propagation of "biblical Protestantism" and the principles of the Reformation. As such the Order only accepts those who confess a belief in a Protestant religion. Monthly meetings are held in Orange Halls or "Lodges." The Order has a system of "degrees" which new members advance through. These degrees can superficially be compared as Masonic-like but in reality are interactive "plays" founded solely on passages of the Bible. Parades form a large part of Orange culture. Most Orange Lod ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - Religion and Culture

Until March 2005, the Orange Order was entitled to a voting bloc on the Ulster Unionist Council, the decision-making body of the Ulster Unionist Party. This was the position since 1905, and though the UUP had long mulled over breaking the link, in the end it was the Orange Order that broke away. The Order first became overtly political during Charles Stewart Parnell's campaign for Home Rule in the 1880s. In 1886, when William Ewart Gladstone's Home Rule Bill was before Parliament, Lord Randolph Churchill coined the famous phrase "Ulst ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - Political links

The Orange Institution spread throughout the English-speaking world and further abroad. It is headed by the Imperial Grand Orange Council. It has the power to arbitrate in disputes between Grand Lodges, and in internal disputes when invited. The Council represents the Grand Lodges of Ireland, Scotland, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Ghana and Togo. There are entirely black lodges in Africa and a Mohawk lodge in Canada. Most English lodges are based in the Liverpool area, including Bootle. An estimated 4000 Orangemen, women and children parade ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world

The Grand Orange Lodge of British America Benefit Fund Better known as "Orange Insurance" was founded in 1881 and established for the purpose of assisting lodge members, their spouses and independent children in time of need. Lord Enniskillen Memorial Orange Orphan Society The Society was founded in 1888 to provide financial assistance to the orphans of deceased members of ...

See also:

Orange Order, Orange Order - History and origins, Orange Order - Roots, Orange Order - Foundation, Orange Order - The Battle of Garvagh, Orange Order - The Defence Of Crossgar, Orange Order - Battle of Dolly's Brae, Orange Order - The Twelfth, Orange Order - Requirements for entry, Orange Order - Religion and Culture, Orange Order - Political links, Orange Order - Related organisations, Orange Order - The Orange Order throughout the world, Orange Order - The Ulster Tower, Orange Order - The Orange Order in Canada, Orange Order - Flag, Orange Order - Orange Charities

Read more here: » Orange Order: Encyclopedia II - Orange Order - Orange Charities