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Romanov | A Wisdom Archive on Romanov | | Romanov A selection of articles related to Romanov | |
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romanov, Romanov, Romanov - Contemporary Romanovs, Romanov - Downfall, Romanov - Origins, Romanov - Rise to power, Romanov - The Romanov-Gottorp Dynasty, Romanov - The era of dynastic crises, List of Grand Dukes of Russia, List of Grand Duchesses of Russia
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Romanov | | | |  Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Later yearsPeter's last years were marked by further reforms in Russia. On 22 October 1721, soon after peace was made with Sweden, he was acclaimed Emperor of All Russia (Some proposed that he take the title Emperor of the East, but he refused). His imperial title was recognized by Augustus II of Poland, Frederick William I of Prussia and Frederick I of Sweden, but not by the other European monarchs. In the minds of many, the word emperor connoted superiority or pre-eminence over "mere" kings. Several rulers feared that Peter would claim authority over them, just as the Holy Roman Emperor had on ...
See also:Peter I of Russia, Peter I of Russia - Early life, Peter I of Russia - Early reign, Peter I of Russia - Great Northern War, Peter I of Russia - Later years, Peter I of Russia - Death, Peter I of Russia - Legitimate issue, Peter I of Russia - Notes, Peter I of Russia - Reference Read more here: » Peter I of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Later years |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions Peter changed the rules of succession to the throne after he killed his own son, Aleksey, who had opposed his father's reforms and served as a rallying figure for antireform groups. A new law provided that the tsar would choose his own successor, but Peter failed to do so before his death in 1725. In the decades that followed, the absence of clear rules of succession left the monarchy open to intrigues, plots, coups, and countercoups. Henceforth, the crucial factor fo ...
See also:Russian history 1682-1796, Russian history 1682-1796 - Note on naming, Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions, Russian history 1682-1796 - Russian imperial expansion and maturation—Catherine II Read more here: » Russian history 1682-1796: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - Bolshevistic Atheism Pius XI focused throughout his tenure upon the threat, literally one of disestablishment of his Church and actual execution of his priests, knowing this to be internal Soviet policy in order to achieve the modern atheistic state. The Russian Revolution itself centred upon this aim due to complete Orthodox Church association with the worst inhumanity of the former Romanov czarist monarchy.
Deep anti-communist surety (see [5]) underlay Pius XI's policy and was reinforced by the spectre of successful revolution in Germany in 1919. In fac ...
See also:The Great Scandal, The Great Scandal - Pope Pius XI, The Great Scandal - Background, The Great Scandal - Franz von Papen Pius XI and the German Episcopate, The Great Scandal - Bolshevistic Atheism, The Great Scandal - Eugenio Pacelli Pope Pius XII, The Great Scandal - Present Day, The Great Scandal - The Allegation, The Great Scandal - The Partial Quid pro Quo, The Great Scandal - The Anti-Semitism, The Great Scandal - Sources Read more here: » The Great Scandal: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - Bolshevistic Atheism |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Nicholas II of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's illness Further complicating domestic matters was the matter of the succession. Alexandra bore him four daughters before their son Alexei was born on August 12, 1904. The young heir proved to be afflicted with hemophilia, a disease that prevents blood clotting properly, which at that time was virtually untreatable and usually led to an untimely death. Because of the fragility of the autocracy at this time, Nicholas and Alexandra chose not to divulge Alexei's condition to anyone outside the royal household. In fact, there were many in the Imperial ho ...
See also:Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early life, Nicholas II of Russia - Family, Nicholas II of Russia - Relationship with the Duma, Nicholas II of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's illness, Nicholas II of Russia - The Great War, Nicholas II of Russia - Revolution and abdication, Nicholas II of Russia - Death, Nicholas II of Russia - Sainthood, Nicholas II of Russia - Footnotes Read more here: » Nicholas II of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Nicholas II of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's illness |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - The spirit of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin After his death, his secretary Simonovich realized that Rasputin had moved a lot of money into his daughter Maria's account, and generally set all his affairs in order.
Weeks before he was assassinated in December 1916, according to his secretary Simanovich, Rasputin wrote the following:
"I write and leave behind me this letter at St. Petersburg. I feel that I shall leave life before January 1. I wish to make known to the Russian people, to Papa, to the Russian Mother and to the Children, to the land of Russia, what they must u ...
See also:Grigori Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Early life, Grigori Rasputin - Healer to the Tsarevich, Grigori Rasputin - Controversy, Grigori Rasputin - Assassination beliefs, Grigori Rasputin - Recent evidence, Grigori Rasputin - Disaster prediction, Grigori Rasputin - The spirit of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Reputation, Grigori Rasputin - Name meaning Read more here: » Grigori Rasputin: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - The spirit of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - Disaster prediction On the night of his murder, Rasputin said to Yussoupov, "The aristocrats can't get used to the idea that a humble peasant should be welcome at the Imperial Palace. They are consumed with envy and fury. But I'm not afraid of them. They can't do anything to me. I'm protected against ill fortune. There have been several attempts on my life but the Lord has always frustrated these plots. Disaster will come to anyone who lifts a finger against me."
Within three months Nicholas II and the Romanov dynasty were overthrown; within 19 months the Tsar and all his family had been executed. All three of ...
See also:Grigori Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Early life, Grigori Rasputin - Healer to the Tsarevich, Grigori Rasputin - Controversy, Grigori Rasputin - Assassination beliefs, Grigori Rasputin - Recent evidence, Grigori Rasputin - Disaster prediction, Grigori Rasputin - The spirit of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Reputation, Grigori Rasputin - Name meaning Read more here: » Grigori Rasputin: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - Disaster prediction |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Great Northern War Peter made peace with the Ottoman Empire and turned his attention to Russian maritime supremacy. He sought to acquire control of the Baltic Sea, which had been taken by Sweden a half-century earlier. Peter declared war on Sweden, which was at the time led by King Charles XII. Sweden was also opposed by Denmark, Norway, Saxony and Poland.
Russia turned out to be ill-prepared to fight the Swedes, and their first attempt at seizing the Baltic coast ended in disaster at the Battle of Narva in 1700. In the conflict, the forces of Charles X ...
See also:Peter I of Russia, Peter I of Russia - Early life, Peter I of Russia - Early reign, Peter I of Russia - Great Northern War, Peter I of Russia - Later years, Peter I of Russia - Death, Peter I of Russia - Legitimate issue, Peter I of Russia - Notes, Peter I of Russia - Reference Read more here: » Peter I of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Great Northern War |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - Eugenio Pacelli Pope Pius XII Pius XI's successor, Eugenio Pacelli was placed in Germany from 1917, as a Papal Nuncio or direct representative, and therefore witnessed at first hand the "revolution", understood the political forces at work on the right and the left. This future Pius XII is noted for co-ordinating his pontiff's unsuccessful attempts at resolving a peaceful conclusion to World War I.
Pius XI kept Pacelli in Germany until 1929, and then Pacelli became papal foreign minister as Secretary of State, one of two such. Relevant to the subject, Pacelli hims ...
See also:The Great Scandal, The Great Scandal - Pope Pius XI, The Great Scandal - Background, The Great Scandal - Franz von Papen Pius XI and the German Episcopate, The Great Scandal - Bolshevistic Atheism, The Great Scandal - Eugenio Pacelli Pope Pius XII, The Great Scandal - Present Day, The Great Scandal - The Allegation, The Great Scandal - The Partial Quid pro Quo, The Great Scandal - The Anti-Semitism, The Great Scandal - Sources Read more here: » The Great Scandal: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - Eugenio Pacelli Pope Pius XII |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - Name meaning The name Rasputin in Russian does not mean "licentious," as is often claimed. There is, however, a very similar Russian adjective rasputny (распу́тный) which does mean "licentious" and the corresponding noun rasputnik. There is no definite explanation of the origin of this not uncommon surname which does not have a "disgraceful" meaning, as the contemporary Russian writer Valentin Rasputin would be quick to explain. There are at least two options for the root of the word. One of them is "put' ," which me ...
See also:Grigori Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Early life, Grigori Rasputin - Healer to the Tsarevich, Grigori Rasputin - Controversy, Grigori Rasputin - Assassination beliefs, Grigori Rasputin - Recent evidence, Grigori Rasputin - Disaster prediction, Grigori Rasputin - The spirit of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, Grigori Rasputin - Reputation, Grigori Rasputin - Name meaning Read more here: » Grigori Rasputin: Encyclopedia II - Grigori Rasputin - Name meaning |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - The Anti-Semitism Consideration of historic Christian anti-semitism (linked below) and its effect on the Nazi rise to power and acceptance in Germany has been published since 1941 . During WWII, definitive analysis revealing Germany's own longstanding development of anti-semitic thought was published by R.D. O'Butler of All Souls College Oxford. This showed that the acceptance of Hitlerism in Germany was very logical considering the line of philosophy since 1783 and the era of the French Revolution. This was hardly shattering news at the date of publication, ...
See also:The Great Scandal, The Great Scandal - Pope Pius XI, The Great Scandal - Background, The Great Scandal - Franz von Papen Pius XI and the German Episcopate, The Great Scandal - Bolshevistic Atheism, The Great Scandal - Eugenio Pacelli Pope Pius XII, The Great Scandal - Present Day, The Great Scandal - The Allegation, The Great Scandal - The Partial Quid pro Quo, The Great Scandal - The Anti-Semitism, The Great Scandal - Sources Read more here: » The Great Scandal: Encyclopedia II - The Great Scandal - The Anti-Semitism |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Quotations "Yesterday I visited the battlefield of last year. The place was scarcely recognisable. Instead of a wilderness of ground torn up by shell, the ground was a garden of wild flowers and tall grasses. Most remarkable of all was the appearance of many thousands of white butterflies which fluttered around. It was as if the souls of the dead soldiers had come to haunt the spot where so many fell. It was eerie to see them. And the silence! It was so still that I could almost hear the beat of the butterfli ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Quotations |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Opening hostilities Some of the first hostilities of the war occurred in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean, in the colonies and territories of the European powers. On 8 August 1914 a combined French and British Empire force invaded the German protectorate of Togoland in West Africa. Shortly thereafter, on August 10, German forces based in South-West Africa attacked South Africa, part of the British Empire. Another British Dominion, New Zealand, occupied German Samoa on 30 August; on September 11 the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force landed on the ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Opening hostilities |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches
World War I - Hopes and fears.
In 1914, the perception of war was romanticized by many people, and its declaration was met with great enthusiasm by these people. The common view on both sides was that it would be a short war of manoeuvre, with a few sharp actions (to "teach the enemy a lesson") and would end with a victorious entry into the enemy capital, then home for a victory parade or two and back to "normal" life. Many thought it would have finished by Christmas of that year. Others, however, regarded the co ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Southern theatres
World War I - Ottoman Empire.
Main article: Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October–November 1914, due to the secret Turko-German Alliance signed on August 2, 1914, threatening Russia's Caucasian territories and Britain's communications with India and the East via the Suez canal. The British Empire opened another front in the South with the Gallipoli (1915) and Mesopotamian campaigns. In Gallipoli, the Turks were successful in repe ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Southern theatres |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Causes On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb student. The Archduke was there to assert imperial authority over a disputed province. Princip was supported by pan-Serbian nationalists, with links to the Serbian military. Though this assassination is usually considered the immediate trigger for the war, its origins can be traced back to the complex web of alliances and counterbalances that developed between the various ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Causes |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Introduction World War I was fought by the Allied Powers on one side, and the Central Powers on the other, resulting in eventual victory for the Allies. No previous conflict had mobilized so many soldiers or involved so many in the field of battle. By its end, the war had become the bloodiest war in recorded history, though this record was soon to be superseded by World War II.
Amongst Western countries, World War I became infamous for the protracted stalemate of trench warfare along the Western Front, embodied within a system of opposing manned t ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Introduction |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Technology The First World War was a clash of 20th century technology with 19th century tactics. This time, millions of soldiers, both volunteers and conscripts fought on all sides, with Kitchener's Army being a notable all volunteer force.
Much of the war's combat involved trench warfare, where hundreds often died for each metre of land gained. Many of the deadliest battles in history occurred during the First World War. Such battles include Ypres, Vimy Ridge, Marne, Cambrai, Somme, Verd ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Technology |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Aftermath The First World War ended with a Europe scarred by trenches, spent resources, and littered with the bodies of the millions who died in battle. The direct consequences of World War I brought many old regimes crashing to the ground, and ultimately, would lead to the end of 300 years of European hegemony in the world.
No other war had changed the map of Europe so dramatically--four empires were shattered: the German, the Austro-Hungarian, the Ottoman and the Russian. Their four dynasties, the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, the Ottomans, a ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Aftermath |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Quotations "Yesterday I visited the battlefield of last year. The place was scarcely recognisable. Instead of a wilderness of ground torn up by shell, the ground was a garden of wild flowers and tall grasses. Most remarkable of all was the appearance of many thousands of white butterflies which fluttered around. It was as if the souls of the dead soldiers had come to haunt the spot where so many fell. It was eerie to see them. And the silence! It was so still that I could almost hear the beat of the butterfli ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Quotations |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - The Eastern Front
World War I - Initial Actions.
Main article: Eastern Front (World War I)
While the Western Front had reached stalemate in the trenches, the war continued in the east. The Russian initial plans for war had called for simultaneous invasions of Austrian Galicia and German East Prussia. Although Russia's initial advance into Galicia was largely successful, they were driven back from East Prussia by the victories of the German generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff at Tannenberg and the Masurian ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - The Eastern Front |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - End of the war The end of the fighting came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first of the Central Powers to sign an armistice (29 September 1918). Germany requested a ceasefire on 3 October 1918. When Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered the German High Seas Fleet to sortie against the Entente's navies, the sailors mutinied in Wilhelmshaven, starting 29 October. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated. On November 3, Austria-Hungary sent a flag of truce to the Italian Commander to ask an Armistice and terms of peace. The terms, having been arranged by telegraph with t ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - End of the war |
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| | | | | Romanov: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Introduction World War I is infamous for the protracted stalemate of trench warfare along the Western Front, embodied within a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. Hostilities were also prosecuted, however, by more dynamic invasion and battle, by fighting at sea and - for the first time - in and from the air. More than 9 million soldiers died on the various battlefields, and nearly that many more in the participating countries' home fronts on accoun ...
See also:World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - Introduction |
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