The Romanovs share their origin with two dozens of Russian noble families. Their earliest common ancestor is one Andrei Kobyla, attested as a boyar in the service of Semyon I of Moscow. Later generations assigned to Kobyla the most illustrious pedigrees. At first it was claimed that he came to Moscow from Prussia in 1341, where his father had been a famous rebel. In the late 17th century, a fictional line of his descen ...

See also:

Romanov, Romanov - Origins, Romanov - Rise to power, Romanov - The era of dynastic crises, Romanov - The Romanov-Gottorp Dynasty, Romanov - Downfall, Romanov - Contemporary Romanovs

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1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar) 1913 - Events. January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station. February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax. February 3 - Trial of the remnants of ...

Including:

• 1913 - Events
• 1913 - April-August
• 1913 - September-December
• 1913 - Unknown Dates
• 1913 - Births
• 1913 - January-February
• 1913 - March-June
• 1913 - July-October
• 1913 - November-December
• 1913 - Deaths
• 1913 - Month/day unknown
• 1913 - Nobel Prizes

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Anna Ioannovna (Russian: Анна Иоанновна) (February 7, 1693 - October 28, 1740) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Anna of Russia - Ascension to the throne. Anna was the daughter of Ivan V of Russia, as well as the niece of Peter the Great. The latter married her to Frederick William, Duke of Courland in November 1710, but on the return trip from Saint Petersburg in January 1711 her husband die ...

Including:

• Anna of Russia - Ascension to the throne
• Anna of Russia - Policies of her reign
• Anna of Russia - Death and Succession

Read more here: » Anna of Russia: Encyclopedia - Anna of Russia

Uglich (Russian: У́глич, pronounced ooglitch) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, on the Volga River. Population 37,100 (2001) A local tradition dates the town's origin back to 937. It was first documented in 1148 as Ugliche Pole (Corner Field). The town's name is thought to allude to the turn the Volga makes nearby. Uglich had been the seat of a small princedom from 1218 until 1328 when the local princes sold their rights to the great prince of Moscow. As a border town of Muscovy, it was burnt several times by Lith ...

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Roman Mythology Jupiter Mars Quirinus Divus Julius Divus Augustus Juno Vesta Minerva Mercury Vulcan Ceres Venus Diana Lares Fortuna Aeneas Romulus Numa Early Kings Pontifex Maximus Rex Sacrorum Vestal Virgins Flamen Dialis The ...

Including:

• Pontifex Maximus - Etymology
• Pontifex Maximus - Origins duties and development of the Pagan Pontifices
• Pontifex Maximus - Legacy
• Pontifex Maximus - Christian usage
• Pontifex Maximus - The tradition of sovereign as High Priest
• Pontifex Maximus - Popular culture
• Pontifex Maximus - Incomplete list of Pontifices maximi
• Pontifex Maximus - Furthermore

Read more here: » Pontifex Maximus: Encyclopedia - Pontifex Maximus

The Black Widow is the name of at least three fictional superspy characters in the Marvel Comics universe. Black Widow comics - Natasha Romanoff. Black Widow (Natasha Romanova). Art by Gabriele Dell'otto. Marvel's best-known Black Widow is Natalia Alianovna Romanova, who initially was a non-costumed Communist spy and frequent antagonist of Iron Man, but later defected to the U.S. from the Soviet Union. Adopting miniature, high-tech weapons, she became a costumed ally and eventual ...

Including:

• Black Widow comics - Natasha Romanoff
• Black Widow comics - History
• Black Widow comics - Miniseries & Specials
• Black Widow comics - Other media
• Black Widow comics - Yelena Belova
• Black Widow comics - Ultimate Marvel Black Widow
• Black Widow comics - Awards

Read more here: » Black Widow comics: Encyclopedia - Black Widow comics

Antonievo-Siysky Monastery (Антониев-Сийский монастырь in Russian) was founded by Saint Anthony of Siya deep in the woods, 90 km to the south of Kholmogory, in 1520. Following the saint's death, the monastery grew on the salt trade with Western Europe and developed into one of the foremost centres of Christianity in the Russian North. Ivan the Terrible and his son Feodor granted it important privileges and much land. By 1579, the mona ...

Including:

• Antonievo-Siysky Monastery - External link

Read more here: » Antonievo-Siysky Monastery: Encyclopedia - Antonievo-Siysky Monastery

Seduction is the process of deliberately enticing another person into an act (see motivation). The word can have a negative connotation, either seriously or mildly (and also used jokingly), and may refer to an act that the other may later regret and/or would normally not want to do. In a religious context, seduction is often a specific form of temptation, an inducement to commit a sinful or immoral act. Seduction - Sexual seduction. Seduction most commonly refers to the use o ...

Including:

• Seduction - Sexual seduction

Read more here: » Seduction: Encyclopedia - Seduction

Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library was a 1963 gift of the Beinecke family. The building, designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft, of the firm of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, is the largest building in the world reserved exclusively for the preservation of rare books and manuscripts. It is built at the center of the University, in Hewitt Quadrangle, which is more commonly referred to as "Beinecke Plaza". A six-story above-ground tower of book stacks is surrounded by a windowless rectangular building with walls ...

Including:

• Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - History
• Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - Special collections
• Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library - External link

Read more here: » Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library: Encyclopedia - Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library

Arthur Dee (July 13, 1579 – September 1651) was the eldest son of Dr John Dee, and educated at Westminster School. Arthur accompanied his father in his peregrinations across Bohemia. He became a physician to Michael I of Russia, the founder of the Romanov Dynasty and resided in Moscow for fourteen years where he wrote his Fasciculus Chemicus, a collection of writings upon alchemy. Returning to England upon the death of his wife in 1637, Dee became physician to King Charles I. Upon his retirement Arthur Dee resided in N ...

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List of Russians - Architects. Vasily Bazhenov (1738-1799) Savva Chevakinsky (1709-between 1774 and 1780) Matvei Kazakov (1738-1812) Andrey Kvasov (1720 - after 1770) Alexander Kokorinov (1725-1772) Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974) Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin (1700–1763) Alfred Alexandrovich Parland (1842-1920) Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-1771) Carlo Rossi (architect) (1775-1849) Andrey Schtakenshneider (1802-1865) ...

See also:

List of Russians, List of Russians - Art, List of Russians - Architects, List of Russians - Artists, List of Russians - Authors, List of Russians - Film directors, List of Russians - Musicians and Composers, List of Russians - Performing Arts, List of Russians - Poets, List of Russians - Cosmonauts, List of Russians - A-N, List of Russians - P-Z, List of Russians - Explorers, List of Russians - Inventors, List of Russians - Humanities and Social sciences, List of Russians - Philology and Linguistics, List of Russians - Scientists, List of Russians - A-K, List of Russians - K-M, List of Russians - N-Z, List of Russians - Statesmen and military, List of Russians - Before 1917, List of Russians - After 1917, List of Russians - Military, List of Russians - Sports, List of Russians - Chess, List of Russians - Gymnastics, List of Russians - Tennis, List of Russians - Ice hockey, List of Russians - Weightlifting, List of Russians - Other, List of Russians - Other, List of Russians - Former Soviet Union, List of Russians - By subdivision/nationalities

Read more here: » List of Russians: Encyclopedia II - List of Russians - Art

When the Mongols invaded the lands of Kievan Rus', Moscow was an insignificant trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal'. Though Mongols burnt down Moscow in the winter 1238 and pillaged it in 1293, the outpost's remote, forested location offered some security from Mongol attack and occupation, and a number of rivers provided access to the Baltic and Black Seas and to the Caucasus region. More important to Moscow's development in what became the state of Muscovy, however, was its rule by a series of princes who were ambitious, ...

See also:

Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy

Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark). His paternal grandparents were Alexander II of Russia and his first consort Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine. His maternal grandparents were Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse. Nicholas was seen as too soft by his hard, demanding father who, not anticipating his own premature death, did nothing to prepare his son for the crown. Nicholas fell in love with Princes ...

See also:

Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early life, Nicholas II of Russia - Family, Nicholas II of Russia - Relationship with the Duma, Nicholas II of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's illness, Nicholas II of Russia - The Great War, Nicholas II of Russia - Revolution and abdication, Nicholas II of Russia - Death, Nicholas II of Russia - Sainthood, Nicholas II of Russia - Footnotes

Read more here: » Nicholas II of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early life

In March 1814 the military coalition of Napoleon's four major opponents — Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia — had agreed to remain united not only to defeat France, but to ensure peace after the war. After Napoleon's defeat this alliance restored the Bourbon monarchy to France and agreed to meet in Vienna, Austria in September 1814 to arrange a settlement. This meeting would become to be known as the Congress of Vienna. The goal of the conservatives at this meeting, led by Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria, was said to ...

See also:

Conservative Order, Conservative Order - Congress of Vienna, Conservative Order - Ideology of conservatism

Read more here: » Conservative Order: Encyclopedia II - Conservative Order - Congress of Vienna

Marvel's best-known Black Widow is Natalia Alianovna Romanova, who initially was a non-costumed Communist spy and frequent antagonist of Iron Man, but later defected to the U.S. from the Soviet Union. Adopting miniature, high-tech weapons, she became a costumed ally and eventual member of the superhero group The Avengers. Later, she became a freelance agent of the American espionage group S.H.I.E.L.D. The Black Widow is a skilled martial artist, sniper, and ballet dancer. Her equipment usually includes a grappling hook with a r ...

See also:

Black Widow comics, Black Widow comics - Natasha Romanoff, Black Widow comics - History, Black Widow comics - Miniseries & Specials, Black Widow comics - Ultimate Marvel Black Widow, Black Widow comics - Other media, Black Widow comics - Yelena Belova

Read more here: » Black Widow comics: Encyclopedia II - Black Widow comics - Natasha Romanoff

In the 17th century, there were colonies in North America, whose languages were English (from Virginia and Nova Albion colonies), Dutch (from New Netherland), French (from New France), Spanish (from New Spain), Swedish (from New Sweden), Scottish Gaelic (from Carolina), Welsh (from Welsh Tract) and Russian (from Russian-American Company). Languages in the United States - English. English was inherited from British colonization and it is spoken by the vast majority of the population. It serves as the ...

See also:

Languages in the United States, Languages in the United States - Official language status, Languages in the United States - Pre-colonial languages, Languages in the United States - American Indian languages, Languages in the United States - Austronesian languages, Languages in the United States - The colonial languages, Languages in the United States - English, Languages in the United States - French, Languages in the United States - Welsh, Languages in the United States - Scottish Gaelic, Languages in the United States - Dutch, Languages in the United States - German, Languages in the United States - Swedish, Languages in the United States - Spanish, Languages in the United States - Russian, Languages in the United States - Finnish, Languages in the United States - Immigrant languages, Languages in the United States - New American languages, Languages in the United States - Gullah, Languages in the United States - Hawaiian Creole, Languages in the United States - Sign languages, Languages in the United States - Artificial languages, Languages in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Languages in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Languages in the United States - The colonial languages

The possible survival of Anastasia has been the subject of several films. Although the earliest such film was made in 1928 and the most recent an 1997 animated musical version, the most famous is probably the 1956 Anastasia starring Ingrid Bergman, Yul Brynner, and Helen Hayes. Anastasia's possible survival is also the subject of the song "Yes Anastasia" by contemporay musician Tori Amos. Anastasia also appears as a playable character i ...

See also:

Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia - Media appearances, Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia - Older namesake

Read more here: » Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia - Media appearances

Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not fully be felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blockade of Germany began to have serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 t ...

See also:

World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media

Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - The Last Half of the War

Despite his achievements in virtually all literary and artistic fields, Cocteau insisted that he was primarily a poet and that all his work was poetry. As an important exponent of Surrealism, he had great influence on the work of others, including the group of composer friends in Montparnasse known as Les Six. The word Surrealism was coined, in fact, by Guillaume Apollinaire to describe Cocteau's 1917 collaboration with Erik Satie, Pablo Picasso, and Léonide Massine Parade. Self-proclaimed Surrealism leader André Breton, nonetheless ...

See also:

Jean Cocteau, Jean Cocteau - Life and work, Jean Cocteau - Filmography as director, Jean Cocteau - Books by Jean Cocteau, Jean Cocteau - Other references

Read more here: » Jean Cocteau: Encyclopedia II - Jean Cocteau - Life and work

Seduction most commonly refers to the use of sexual desire in order to persuade someone to change their behavior to meet the desires of the seducer. It is usually implied that the seducer is acting out of a motive other than love for the seducee, and that the object of the seduction would not ordinarily have engaged in such behavior. There are many strategies that can be used for seduction, depending on sex, personality and circumstances. Many social behavior theorists classify seduction as a specialized form of persuasion. Sed ...

See also:

Seduction, Seduction - Sexual seduction

Read more here: » Seduction: Encyclopedia II - Seduction - Sexual seduction