Romanization of Russian

The following table describes a method to derive the most common informal transcriptions of Russian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers. It is similar to BGN/PCGN transliteration, with several exceptions. In the beginning of words; after vowels; after ь; after ъ. Ельцин = Yeltsin Раздольное = Razdolnoye Юрьев = Yuryev (ь omitted — see ь < ...

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Romanization of Russian, Romanization of Russian - Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems, Romanization of Russian - ALA-LC, Romanization of Russian - BGN/PCGN, Romanization of Russian - GOST 16876-71, Romanization of Russian - ISO 9, Romanization of Russian - United Nations romanization system, Romanization of Russian - Conventional transcription of Russian names

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Romanization of Ukrainian - Transliteration. Transliteration is the letter-for-letter representation of text using another writing system. Depending on the purpose of the transliteration, it may be necessary to be able to reconstruct the original text. Or it may be preferable to have a transliteration which sounds like the original language when read aloud. International scholarly system Also called scientific transliteration, this system is most often seen in linguistic publications ...

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Romanization of Ukrainian, Romanization of Ukrainian - Romanization systems, Romanization of Ukrainian - Transliteration, Romanization of Ukrainian - Transcription, Romanization of Ukrainian - Conventional romanization of proper names, Romanization of Ukrainian - Table of romanization systems

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The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. * archaic letters † used in non-Slavic languages Middle Bronze Age 19-15th c. BC Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC Ugaritic 13th c. BC Phoenician 11th c. BC Samarit ...

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• Cyrillic alphabet - Origins
• Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography
• Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization
• Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages
• Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages
• Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages
• Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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In many publications, especially in English-language journalism, it is common to use a simplified system of transliteration, one that strives to be intuitively phonetic for anglophones. Such transcriptions are also used for the surnames of people of Ukrainian ancestry in English-speaking countries (personal names have often been translated to equivalent or similar English names, e.g., "Alexander" for Oleksandr, "Terry" for Taras). Usually such a semi-formal usage is based on either the ALA-LC system (in America) or BGN/P ...

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Romanization of Ukrainian, Romanization of Ukrainian - Romanization systems, Romanization of Ukrainian - Transliteration, Romanization of Ukrainian - Transcription, Romanization of Ukrainian - Conventional romanization of proper names, Romanization of Ukrainian - Table of romanization systems

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Transliterations in the narrow sense are used in situations where the original script is not available to write down a word in that script, while still high precision is required. For example, traditional or cheap typesetting with a small character set; editions of old texts in scripts not used any more (such as Linear B); some library catalogues (see www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg0.htm). For example, the Greek language is written in the 24-letter Greek alphabet, which overlaps with, but differs from, the 26-letter version of ...

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Transliteration, Transliteration - Uses of transliteration, Transliteration - Issues in transliterating particular languages, Transliteration - Transliteration sites

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Kiev is located on both sides of the Dnieper river, which flows south through the city towards the Black Sea. Its geographic co-ordinates are 50°27′N 30°30′E. Geographically, Kiev belongs to the Polesia natural zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (western) part of Kiev is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers (now mostly extinct). It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska (near-Dnieper) upland adj ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Kiev is located on both sides of the Dnieper river, which flows south through the city towards the Black Sea. Its geographic co-ordinates are 50°27′N 30°30′E. Geographically, Kiev belongs to the Polissya natural zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (western) part of Kiev is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers (now mostly extinct). It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska (near-Dnieper) upland ad ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Sounds are indicated using IPA. These are only approximate indicators. While these languages by and large have phonemic orthographies, there are occasional exceptions—for example, Russian его (meaning him/his), which is pronounced /jevɔ/ instead of /jeɡɔ/. Note that spellings of names may vary, especially Y/J/I, but also GH/G/H and ZH/J. Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languagesSee also:

Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet - Origins, Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography, Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization, Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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Like many other large cities of the former Soviet Union, modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the buildings to the stores to the people themselves. Experiencing a fast growth rate between the 1970s and the mid-'90s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kiev's "downtown" is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings (known as novostroika) amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing while ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Administratively, the city is divided into raions, which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. There are 10 raions presently. For details on administration, see Legal status and local government of Kiev. Besides these, Kiev is informally divided into historical neighborhoods, each housing from 5,000 to 100,000 people. ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Kiev - Local transportation. Since Soviet times, the publicly owned and operated Kiev Metro system remains the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The metro is permanently expanding towards the city limits to cover the growing demand. While the other kinds of once public-only city transport have suffered the partial collapse. First of all, this regards the public bus service that operates the weared-out units and fails to maintain schedules. Publi ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the horse-chestnuts (Ukrainian: каштани, "kashtany"). Kiev is known as a green city, with two botanical gardens and numerous large and small parks. Notable among these are the World War Two Museum, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river; the Hidropark, located on an island in the riv ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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There are various systems for Romanization of Cyrillic text, including transliteration to convey Cyrillic spelling in Latin characters, and transcription to convey pronunciation. Standard Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems include: Scientific transliteration, used in linguistics, is based on the Latin Croatian alphabet. The Working Group on Romanization Systems of the United Nations recommends different systems for specific languages. These are the most commonly used around the world. ISO 9:1995, ...

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Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet - Origins, Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography, Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization, Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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The development of Cyrillic typography passed directly from the medieval stage to the late Baroque, without a Renaissance phase as in Western Europe. Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (still found on many icon inscriptions even today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow; strokes are often shared between adjacent letters. Peter the Great, tsar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms in the early eighteenth century; over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the alphabet. Thus, unlik ...

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Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet - Origins, Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography, Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization, Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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The plan of the alphabet is derived from the early Cyrillic alphabet, itself a derivative of the Glagolitic alphabet, a ninth century uncial cursive usually credited to two brothers from Thessaloniki, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. The glyphs in the Cyrillic alphabet are, however, mainly Byzantine Greek letters. Some of them, especially those representing sounds that did not exist in medieval Greek, retain their Glagolitic forms. Whereas it is widely accepted that the Glagolitic alphabet was invented by Saints Cyril and Methodius, t ...

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Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet - Origins, Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography, Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization, Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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Main article: Cyrillic characters in Unicode. In Unicode, the Cyrillic block extends from U+0400 to U+052F. The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. Unicode does not include accented Cyrillic letters, but they can be combined by adding U+0301 ...

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Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet - Origins, Cyrillic alphabet - Letter-forms and typography, Cyrillic alphabet - Romanization, Cyrillic alphabet - As used in various languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Non-Slavic languages, Cyrillic alphabet - Cyrillic in Unicode

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Kiev is one of the most ancient and important cities of the region, the center of the Rus' civilization, survivor of numerous wars, purges, and genocides. Many historical and architectural landmarks are preserved or reconstructed in the city, which is thought to have existed as early as the fifth century. With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's 1,500th anniversary. During the eighth and ninth centuries Kiev was an outpost of the Khazar empire. Starting from some point during ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Kiev is the traditional English name for the city, but the Ukrainianized version Kyiv is gaining usage. The earliest known English-language reference is to Kiovia, in English traveller Joseph Marshall's book Travels (London, 1772). The name Kiev was used in print as early as 1823 in the English travelogue New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea by way of Kiev, by Mary Holderness. By 1883, the Oxford English Dictionary included Kiev in a quotation. This name was established on the ba ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

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Administratively, the city is divided into raions, which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. There are 10 raions presently. For details on administration, see Legal status and local government of Kiev. Besides these, Kiev is informally divided into historical neighborhoods, each housing as many as 5,000 to 100,000 people. The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the ...

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Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev

Like many other large cities of the former Soviet Union, modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the buildings to the stores to the people themselves. Experiencing a fast growth rate between the 1970s and the mid-'90s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millenium. As a result, Kiev's "downtown" is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings (known as novostroika) amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing while p ...

See also:

Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv?

Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Modern Kiev