Roman Emperor (Crisis of the Third Century)

Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" ) is a commonly applied name for the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 and 284 caused by the three simultaneous crises of external invasion, internal civil war and economic collapse. The changes in the institutions, society, economic life and eventually religion were so profound and fundamental, the "Crisis of the Third Century" is increasingly seen as the watershed marking the difference between the classic ...

Including:

• Crisis of the Third Century - History
• Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia - Crisis of the Third Century

Internally the empire faced runaway hyperinflation caused by years of coinage devaluation. This had started earlier under the Severan emperors who enlarged the army by one quarter and doubled the base pay. As each of the short-lived emperors took power they needed ways to raise money quickly to pay the military's "acession bonus" and the easiest way to do so was by simply cutting the silver in coins with less valuable metals. This had the predictable effect of causing runaway inflation and by the time Diocletian came to power the old coinage ...

See also:

Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

The troubles began in 235, when the emperor Alexander Severus was murdered by soldiers at the age of 27 after Roman legions were defeated in a campaign against Persia. As general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths, Vandals and Alamanni, and outright attacks from Sassanids in the east. Finally, by 258, the attacks were coming from within, when the Empire broke up in to three separate competing states. The Roman provinces of Gaul, Britain an ...

See also:

Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - History

The troubles began in 235, when the emperor Alexander Severus was murdered by soldiers at the age of 27 after Roman legions were defeated in a campaign against Sassanid Persia. As general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths, Vandals and Alamanni, and outright attacks from aggressive Sassanids in the east. Finally, by 258, the attacks were coming from within, when the Empire broke up in to three separate competing states. The Roman provinces ...

See also:

Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - History

There was no constitutional office of "Roman Emperor" (the first person actually to bear that title was Michael I Rhangabes in the early 9th Century, who was styled Basileys Rhomaiôn, "Emperor of the Romans"—if appreciating that by that time the meaning of "Basileys" had moved from "King" to "Emperor"), nor any title or rank directly analogous to the title of "Emperor"; all the titles traditionally associated with the Emperor had pre-existing, Republican meanings. "Roman Emperor" is a convenient shorthand used by historians to expr ...

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Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - Overview, Roman Emperor - The first Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - The Fall of the West, Roman Emperor - Eastern lineage, Roman Emperor - New Western lineage, Roman Emperor - Titles and Positions, Roman Emperor - Powers, Roman Emperor - The lineages and epochs, Roman Emperor - The Principate, Roman Emperor - The Crisis of the Third Century, Roman Emperor - The Dominate, Roman Emperor - The Late Empire

Read more here: » Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor - Overview

In the listings of Roman Emperors below, the common name is given first, followed by the more formal name adopted upon accession to the purple, the name given at birth, and the years of his reign. So-called victory titles and other titles not forming an integral part of the name (Pontifex Maximus, Princeps Senatus, Pater Patriae, &c.) are not listed. Co-Emperors are listed in inferior text, along with notes identifying senior Emperors who had hitherto served as co-Emperors. Following abbreviations are used: ...

See also:

Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - Overview, Roman Emperor - The first Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - The Fall of the West, Roman Emperor - Eastern lineage, Roman Emperor - New Western lineage, Roman Emperor - Titles and Positions, Roman Emperor - Powers, Roman Emperor - The lineages and epochs, Roman Emperor - The Principate, Roman Emperor - The Crisis of the Third Century, Roman Emperor - The Dominate, Roman Emperor - The Late Empire

Read more here: » Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor - The lineages and epochs

Although these are the commonest offices, titles, and positions, one should note that not all Roman Emperors used them, nor were all of them used at the same time. The consular and censorial offices especially were not an integral part of the Imperial dignity, and were usually held by persons other than the reigning Emperor. Augustus (also "Αὔγουστος" or "Σεβαστός"), "Majestic" or "Venerable"; an ho ...

See also:

Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - Overview, Roman Emperor - The first Roman Emperor, Roman Emperor - The Fall of the West, Roman Emperor - Eastern lineage, Roman Emperor - New Western lineage, Roman Emperor - Titles and Positions, Roman Emperor - Powers, Roman Emperor - The lineages and epochs, Roman Emperor - The Principate, Roman Emperor - The Crisis of the Third Century, Roman Emperor - The Dominate, Roman Emperor - The Late Empire

Read more here: » Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor - Titles and Positions