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RISC

A Wisdom Archive on RISC

RISC

A selection of articles related to RISC

More material related to Risc can be found here:
Index of Articles
related to
Risc
risc, RISC, RISC - Alternative term, RISC - Early RISC, RISC - Later RISC, RISC - Meanwhile..., RISC - Pre-RISC design philosophy, RISC - RISC design philosophy, addressing mode, CISC, ZISC, microprocessor, instruction set architecture, computer architecture, Classic RISC pipeline, John Mashey's comp.arch RISC vs CISC ... 1997

ARTICLES RELATED TO RISC

RISC: Encyclopedia II - RISC - Meanwhile...

While the RISC philosophy was coming into its own, new ideas about how to dramatically increase performance of the CPUs were starting to develop. In the early 1980s it was thought that existing design was reaching theoretical limits. Future improvements in speed would be primarily through improved semiconductor "process", that is, smaller features (transistors and wires) on the chip. The complexity of the chip would remain largely the same, but the smaller size would allow it to run at higher clock rates. A considerable amount of effo ...

See also:

RISC, RISC - RISC design philosophy, RISC - Pre-RISC design philosophy, RISC - Meanwhile..., RISC - Early RISC, RISC - Later RISC, RISC - Alternative term

Read more here: » RISC: Encyclopedia II - RISC - Meanwhile...

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

Central processing unit - Integer precision. The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage. See also:

Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes

Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

RISC: Encyclopedia - Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer that interprets and executes instructions and data contained in software. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the core components found in almost all modern microcomputers, along with primary storage and input/output facilities. In a similar vein, microprocessors are a type of CPU that is manufactured on an integrated circuit, often as a single-chip package. Since the m ...

Including:

Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia - Central processing unit

RISC: Encyclopedia - Complex Instruction Set Computer

A Complex Instruction Set Core (CISC) is a microprocessor instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. The term was coined in contrast to Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC). Before the first RISC processors were designed, many computer architects tried to bridge the "semantic gap" - to design instruction sets to support high-level programming languages by providing ...

Read more here: » Complex Instruction Set Computer: Encyclopedia - Complex Instruction Set Computer

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design

When designing microarchitectures, engineers use Register Transfer Language (RTL) to define the operation of each instruction of an ISA. Historically there have been 4 ways to store that description inside the CPU: all early computer designers, and some of the simpler later RISC computer designers, hard-wired the instruction set. Many CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a microcode ROM inside the CPU. Some CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a writable RAM or FLASH inside the CPU (such as the Rekursiv processor, the Western Digital MCP-1600, and the Ims ...

See also:

Instruction set, Instruction set - Instruction set design, Instruction set - code density, Instruction set - List of ISAs, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in hardware, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in software with hardware incarnations, Instruction set - ISAs never implemented in hardware, Instruction set - Categories of ISA, Instruction set - Examples of commercially available ISA, Instruction set - Others

Read more here: » Instruction set: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design

RISC: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs

CPU design - 1950s: early designs. Each of the computer designs of the early 1950s was a unique design; there were no upward-compatible machines or computer architectures with multiple, differing implementations. Programs written for one machine would not run on another kind, even other kinds from the same company. This was not a major drawback at the time because there was not a large body of software developed to run on computers, so star ...

See also:

CPU design, CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs, CPU design - 1950s: early designs, CPU design - 1960s: the computer revolution and CISC, CPU design - 1970s: large scale integration, CPU design - Early 1980s: the lessons of RISC, CPU design - Mid-1980s to today: exploiting instruction level parallelism, CPU design - 1990 to today: looking forward, CPU design - Embedded design, CPU design - Other design issues, CPU design - Design concepts, CPU design - RISC, CPU design - Instruction pipelining, CPU design - Speculative execution, CPU design - Cache, CPU design - Out-of-order execution, CPU design - Superscalar designs, CPU design - Simultaneous multithreading

Read more here: » CPU design: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

Central processing unit - Integer precision. The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "h ...

See also:

Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes

Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

RISC: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs

CPU design - 1950s: early designs. Each of the computer designs of the early 1950s was a unique design; there were no upward-compatible machines or computer architectures with multiple, differing implementations. Programs written for one machine would not run on another kind, even other kinds from the same company. This was not a major drawback at the time because there was not a large body of software developed to run on computers, so star ...

See also:

CPU design, CPU design - Goals of CPU design, CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs, CPU design - 1950s: early designs, CPU design - 1960s: the computer revolution and CISC, CPU design - 1970s: large scale integration, CPU design - Early 1980s: the lessons of RISC, CPU design - Mid-1980s to today: exploiting instruction level parallelism, CPU design - 1990 to today: looking forward, CPU design - Embedded design, CPU design - Other design issues, CPU design - Design concepts, CPU design - RISC, CPU design - Instruction pipelining, CPU design - Cache, CPU design - Superscalar designs, CPU design - Out-of-order execution, CPU design - Speculative execution, CPU design - Multiprocessing and Multithreading

Read more here: » CPU design: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Machine code - Example

The MIPS architecture provides a specific example for a machine code whose instructions are always 32 bits long. The general type of instruction is given by the op (operation) field, the highest 6 bits. J-type (jump) and I-type (immediate) instructions are fully specified by op. R-type (register) instructions include an additional field funct to determine the exact operation. The fields used in these types are: 6 5 5 5 5 6 bits [ op | rs | rt | rd |shamt| funct] R-type [ op | rs | rt | address/immediate] I-type [ op | ...

See also:

Machine code, Machine code - Machine code instructions, Machine code - Programs, Machine code - Assembly languages, Machine code - Example

Read more here: » Machine code: Encyclopedia II - Machine code - Example

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design

When designing microarchitectures, engineers use Register Transfer Language (RTL) to define the operation of each instruction of an ISA. Historically there have been 4 ways to store that description inside the CPU: all early computer designers, and some of the simpler later RISC computer designers, hard-wired the instruction set. Many CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a microcode ROM inside the CPU. Some CPU designers computers compiled the instruction set to a writable RAM or FLASH inside the CPU (such as as the Rekursiv processor, the Western Digital MCP-1600, and the Ims ...

See also:

Instruction set, Instruction set - Instruction set design, Instruction set - List of ISAs, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in hardware, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in software with hardware incarnations, Instruction set - ISAs never implemented in hardware, Instruction set - Categories of ISA, Instruction set - Examples of commercially available ISA, Instruction set - Others

Read more here: » Instruction set: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design

RISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - History

Prior to the advent of machines that resemble today's CPUs, computers such as ENIAC had to be physically rewired in order to perform different tasks. These machines are often referred to as "fixed-program computers," since they had to be physically reconfigured in order to run a different program. Since the term "CPU" is generally defined as a software (computer program) execution device, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs c ...

See also:

Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes

Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - History

RISC: Encyclopedia - AMD

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) NYSE: AMD is a manufacturer of integrated circuits based in Sunnyvale, California. It is the second-largest supplier of x86-compatible processors, and a leading supplier of non-volatile flash memory. It was founded in 1969 by a group of defectors from Fairchild Semiconductor, including Jerry Sanders. AMD's current president and CEO is Dr. Héctor Ruiz. AMD is best known for the Athlon, Opteron, Turion64, Sempron and Duron lines of x86-compatible processors. Their more general com ...

Including:

Read more here: » AMD: Encyclopedia - AMD

RISC: Encyclopedia - BBC Micro

The BBC Micro, affectionately known as the Beeb, was an early home computer. It was designed and built by Acorn Computers Ltd for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). In the early 1980s, the BBC started what became known as the BBC Computer Literacy Project. The project was initiated largely in response to an extremely influential BBC documentary The Mighty Micro, in which Dr. Christopher Evans from the National Physical Laboratory predicted the coming (micro)computer revolution and its impact on the ...

Including:

Read more here: » BBC Micro: Encyclopedia - BBC Micro

RISC: Encyclopedia - Benchmark computing

In computing, a benchmark is the result of running a computer program, or a set of programs, in order to assess the relative performance of an object, by running a number of standard tests and trials against it. The term, benchmark, is also commonly used for specially-designed benchmarking programs themselves. Benchmarking is usually associated with assessing performance characteristics of computer hardware, for example, the floating point operation performance of a ...

Including:

Read more here: » Benchmark computing: Encyclopedia - Benchmark computing

RISC: Encyclopedia - Athlon

Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different x86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. The original Athlon, or Athlon Classic, was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors for a significant period of time. AMD has continued the Athlon name with the Athlon 64, an eighth-generation processor featuring AMD64 technology. Athlon - Athlon Classic. The Athlon made its debut on June 23, 1999. ...

Including:

Read more here: » Athlon: Encyclopedia - Athlon

RISC: Encyclopedia - X86

x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. The x86 architecture currently dominates the desktop computer, portable computer, and small server markets. The architecture is called x86 because the earliest processors in this family were identified by model numbers ending in the sequence "86": the 8086, the 80186, the 80286, the 386, and the 486. Because one cannot trademark numbers, Intel and most ...

Including:

Read more here: » X86: Encyclopedia - X86

RISC: Encyclopedia - ARM architecture

The ARM architecture (originally the Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture that is widely used in a number of applications. ARM variants are in widespread use in embedded and low-power applications due to their power saving design features. ARM architecture - History. The ARM design was started in 1983 as a development project at Acorn Computers Ltd. The team, led by Roger Wilson and Steve Furber, started development of what in some ways represents an advanced MOS Technol ...

Including:

Read more here: » ARM architecture: Encyclopedia - ARM architecture

RISC: Encyclopedia - Apple Computer

Apple Computer, Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL and LSE: ACP) is a computer technology company with its headquarters at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, part of Silicon Valley. Apple was a major player in the personal computer revolution in the 1970s. The Apple II microcomputer, introduced in 1977, was an instant hit with home users. The company further shaped the industry by introducing the first personal computer with a graphical user interface, (the Lisa) and then, in 1984, the revolutionary Macintosh. The Macintosh, ...

Including:

Read more here: » Apple Computer: Encyclopedia - Apple Computer

RISC: Encyclopedia - Binary translation

In computing, binary translation is the emulation of one instruction set by another through translation of code. Sequences of instructions are translated from the source to the target instruction set. There is static binary translation, where an entire executable file is translated into an executable of the target architecture. This is very difficult to do correctly, since not all the code can be discovered by the translator. For example, some parts of the executable may be reachable only through ...

Read more here: » Binary translation: Encyclopedia - Binary translation

RISC: Encyclopedia - Acorn Computers

Acorn Computers was a British computer company established in Cambridge, England, in 1978. The company produced a number of computers which were especially popular in the UK. These included the Acorn Electron, the BBC Micro and the Acorn Archimedes. Acorn's BBC Micro computer dominated the UK educational computer market during the 1980s and early 1990s, drawing many comparisons with Apple in the U.S. Though the company was broken up into several independent operations in 2000, it leaves an impressive legacy, particularly in the ...

Including:

Read more here: » Acorn Computers: Encyclopedia - Acorn Computers

More material related to Risc can be found here:
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