Riksdag of the Estates

In 1866 all the Estates voted in favor of dissolution and at the same time to found a new assembly, The Swedish Riksdag or Sveriges Riksdag. Out of the four estates, the corporation of the Swedish nobility, the House of Knights (Riddarhuset) remains as a quasi-official representation of the nobility. The modern Centre Party which grew out of the Swedish farmers' movement, sitting in the Parliament still today, could be construed as a modern ...

See also:

Riksdag of the Estates, Riksdag of the Estates - Important assemblies, Riksdag of the Estates - Replaced by the new Riksdag

Read more here: » Riksdag of the Estates: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag of the Estates - Replaced by the new Riksdag

France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate or clergy; the Second Estate or nobility; and the Third Estate or commoners. Estates of the realm - First Estate. The First Estate (Fr. premier état) was the clergy. In principle, the responsibilities of the First Estate included "the registration of births, marriages and deaths; they collected the tithe (usually 10%); they censored books; served as ...

See also:

Estates of the realm, Estates of the realm - In France, Estates of the realm - First Estate, Estates of the realm - Second Estate, Estates of the realm - Third Estate, Estates of the realm - The French Estates-General, Estates of the realm - End of Nobility in France, Estates of the realm - Outside France, Estates of the realm - United Kingdom, Estates of the realm - Sweden and Finland, Estates of the realm - External link

Read more here: » Estates of the realm: Encyclopedia II - Estates of the realm - In France

The House of Bernadotte, the current Royal House of the Kingdom of Sweden, has reigned since 1818. Between 1818 and 1905 it was also the Royal House of Norway. Following the Finnish War in 1809 Sweden suffered the traumatic loss of Finland, which had constituted the eastern half of the Swedish realm. The agony and resentment towards King Gustav IV Adolf precipitated a coup d'état and Gustav Adolf's uncle, the childless Charles XIII replaced him. This was merely a temporary solution and in 1810 the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates chose the Marshal of France, Jean-Baptiste B ...

Including:

• Bernadotte - Kings of Sweden
• Bernadotte - Kings of Norway
• Bernadotte - Family tree only royal parts
• Bernadotte - Related topics

Read more here: » Bernadotte: Encyclopedia - Bernadotte

Charles IX (Karl IX) (October 4, 1550 – October 30, 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of Gustav Vasa and Margareta Leijonhufvud. By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Södermanland, which included the provinces of Närke and Värmland; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric XIV of Sweden in 1569. Charles IX of Sweden - Duke Charles. In 1568 he was the real leader of the rebellion against Eric, ...

Including:

• Charles IX of Sweden - Duke Charles
• Charles IX of Sweden - King Charles IX
• Charles IX of Sweden - Children

Read more here: » Charles IX of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Charles IX of Sweden

Christina (Kristina) (December 8, 1626 – April 19, 1689), later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometimes Count Dohna, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 1632 to 1654. She was the only legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolf. As the heiress presumptive she succeeded her father to the throne of Sweden upon his death at the Battle of Lützen (November 6, 1632) during Sweden's intervention in Germany in the Thirty Years' War. Christina of Sweden - Early life. Christina was born in ...

Including:

• Christina of Sweden - Early life
• Christina of Sweden - Queen regnant
• Christina of Sweden - Abdication
• Christina of Sweden - Political contributions
• Christina of Sweden - Setting off to Rome
• Christina of Sweden - Heritage

Read more here: » Christina of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Christina of Sweden

Sveriges Riksbank (Swedish National Bank) is the central bank of Sweden, sometimes called just the Bank of Sweden. It is known to be the world's oldest central bank. Sveriges Riksbank - History. The Riksbank began its operations in 1668, its antecedent being Stockholms Banco (also known as the Bank of Palmstruch), which was founded by Johan Palmstruch in 1656. Although the bank was private, it was the King who chose its management: in a letter to Palmstruch he gave permission to ...

Including:

• Sveriges Riksbank - History
• Sveriges Riksbank - The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

Read more here: » Sveriges Riksbank: Encyclopedia - Sveriges Riksbank

Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 – 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Charles II) from 1814 until his death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great. Charles XIII of Sweden - Life and politics. In 1772 he co-operated in the revolutionary plans of his brother Gustav III of Sweden. On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distincti ...

Including:

• Charles XIII of Sweden - Life and politics
• Charles XIII of Sweden - Children

Read more here: » Charles XIII of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Charles XIII of Sweden

June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. June 6 - Events. 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513 - Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.Including:

• June 6 - Events
• June 6 - Births
• June 6 - 1236 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - Deaths
• June 6 - 1393 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - 2000 onwards
• June 6 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » June 6: Encyclopedia - June 6

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). 1810 - Events. January 10 - Marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled January 20 - Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer executed March 11 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria April 19 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of ...

Including:

• 1810 - Events
• 1810 - Ongoing events
• 1810 - Births
• 1810 - Deaths
• 1810 - Inventions

Read more here: » 1810: Encyclopedia - 1810

Estates of the realm - United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, an analogous division exists to this day, although with attenuated significance, between Lords Temporal, Lords Spiritual, and Commons. Note one contrast between the French and British systems: the lower clergy in France were part of the First Estate, but in Britain they were commoners. See also:

Estates of the realm, Estates of the realm - In France, Estates of the realm - First Estate, Estates of the realm - Second Estate, Estates of the realm - Third Estate, Estates of the realm - The French Estates-General, Estates of the realm - End of Nobility in France, Estates of the realm - Outside France, Estates of the realm - United Kingdom, Estates of the realm - Sweden and Finland, Estates of the realm - External link

Read more here: » Estates of the realm: Encyclopedia II - Estates of the realm - Outside France

Charles XIV John (Swedish: Carl XIV Johan), born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 – March 8, 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway (where he was known as Carl III Johan) from 1818 until his death. Charles XIV John of Sweden - Early life. He was born in Pau, France, as the son of Henri Bernadotte (1711-1780), procurator at Pau, and Jeanne St. Jean (1725-1809). His Christian names were Jean Baptiste (he added Jules later, from Julius Caesar, in the classicizing spi ...

Including:

• Charles XIV John of Sweden - Early life
• Charles XIV John of Sweden - Military career
• Charles XIV John of Sweden - Offer of the Swedish throne
• Charles XIV John of Sweden - Crown Prince and Regent
• Charles XIV John of Sweden - King of Sweden and Norway

Read more here: » Charles XIV John of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Charles XIV John of Sweden

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). 1809 - Events. January 5 - Treaty of Dardanelles between Britain and France concluded January 16 - Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of Corunna. February 3 - Illinois Territory was created. February 8 - Franz I of Austria declares war on France February 11 - Ro ...

Including:

• 1809 - Events
• 1809 - Ongoing events
• 1809 - Births
• 1809 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1809: Encyclopedia - 1809

1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1866 - Events. 1866 - January – June. January 6 – Ottoman troops clash with men of a Maronite leader Karam in St. Doumit in Lebanon - Turks are defeated January 12 - Royal Aeronautical ...

Including:

• 1866 - Events
• 1866 - January – June
• 1866 - July – December
• 1866 - Births
• 1866 - Unknown date
• 1866 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1866: Encyclopedia - 1866

Not until June 1863, after the Crimean War had taken place, did Alexander II call the Estates again. On September 18 the opening ceremony was held and the Emperor made his declaration where he promised to introduce changes to the constitution. The changes included making the diet a regularly convening body, a promise which was kept by the Emperor when the diet convened again in January 1867, where it established an act on the working order of the diet. The diet was to convene at least every fifth year but in practise it would come to convene ...

See also:

Diet of Finland, Diet of Finland - The Porvoo Diet, Diet of Finland - The Estates convene again, Diet of Finland - The first period of oppression, Diet of Finland - Reform, Diet of Finland - Sessions and meeting places of the Diet

Read more here: » Diet of Finland: Encyclopedia II - Diet of Finland - The Estates convene again

In 1595 the Riksdag of the Estates assembled at Söderköping and elected Duke Charles regent of Sweden in place of the Catholic Sigismund, who was king of both Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Söderköping stands at the eastern end of the Göta Canal, a 390-km long canal opened in 1832 to connect Gothenburg to the Baltic Sea by inland waterway. ...

See also:

Söderköping Municipality, Söderköping Municipality - History, Söderköping Municipality - Sights

Read more here: » Söderköping Municipality: Encyclopedia II - Söderköping Municipality - History

Main article: Constitution of Sweden The Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) performs the normal functions of a parliament in a parliamentary democracy. It enacts laws, amends the constitution and appoints a government. In most parliamentary democracies, the Head of State commissions a politician to form a government. Under the new Instrument of Government (one of the four fundamental laws of the Constitution) enacted in 1974, that task was removed from the Monarch of Sweden and given to the Speaker of the Riksdag. To make changes ...

See also:

Riksdag, Riksdag - Organization, Riksdag - Constitution, Riksdag - Government, Riksdag - Politics, Riksdag - Elections, Riksdag - History, Riksdag - Name

Read more here: » Riksdag: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag - Constitution

In 1923 a competition was held to choose a site for a new Parliament House. Arkadianmäki, a hill beside what is now Mannerheimintie, was chosen as the best site. The architectural competition which was held in 1924 was won by the firm of Borg–Sirén–Åberg with a proposal called Oratoribus. Johan Sigfrid Sirén (1889–1961), who was mainly responsible for preparing the proposal, was given the task of designing Parliament House. The building was constructed 1926–1931 and was officially inaugurated on March 7, 1931. Ever since then, and especially during the Winter War and Continuation War, it has been ...

See also:

Parliament of Finland, Parliament of Finland - Constitution, Parliament of Finland - Parliamentary elections, Parliament of Finland - Formation of a Government, Parliament of Finland - Sessions, Parliament of Finland - Ruling majority, Parliament of Finland - History, Parliament of Finland - Parliament building, Parliament of Finland - Major political parties, Parliament of Finland - Election results 2003

Read more here: » Parliament of Finland: Encyclopedia II - Parliament of Finland - Parliament building

The nobility in Sweden (and Finland) dates back to 1280 when it was agreed that magnates who could afford to contribute to the cavalry with a horse-soldier were to be exempted from tax - at least from ordinary taxes - as the clergy already had been. The archaic Swedish term for nobility, frälse, includes also the clergy while referring to their exemption from tax. The background was that the old system of a leiðangr fleet and a king on constant travels in the realm (between the estates of Uppsala öd) became outmoded and in need of replacement. The crown's court and ...

See also:

Swedish nobility, Swedish nobility - Medieval nobility, Swedish nobility - Nobility after 1561, Swedish nobility - Privileges

Read more here: » Swedish nobility: Encyclopedia II - Swedish nobility - Medieval nobility

The words 'Senate' and 'Senator' are often used incorrectly as having the same meaning as 'Council' and 'Councillor'. 'Privy Council' in this context, is an absolute aberration. The word 'råd' in Swedish has a dual meaning, both the advisor and the advice given, but 'council' is entirely different from 'Senate'. The Senators of the Realm had the highest rank in the Kingdom after the Royal family and were styled the Kings Cousins. A councillor might be found in a range of circumstances; City councillor and so on. Also, the 1809 name for the Swedish Government was ' ...

See also:

Privy Council of Sweden, Privy Council of Sweden - Modern Sweden, Privy Council of Sweden - Parliamentarism vs. Absolute Monarchy, Privy Council of Sweden - The Constitution of 1809, Privy Council of Sweden - The Constitution of 1974, Privy Council of Sweden - List of Lords High Chancellor and Presidents of the Chancellery from the advent of Absolutism in 1680 to 1809

Read more here: » Privy Council of Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Privy Council of Sweden - Parliamentarism vs. Absolute Monarchy

The loss of Finland to Russia in the Finnish War, settled in the Treaty of Fredrikshamn, provided momentum for the Swedish nobility and other forces to depose the king and restore political power to parliament. For half a century, starting in 1719, often referred to as the age of liberty, Sweden had enjoyed parliamentary rule under the Riksdag of the Estates, but in 1772 that was ended by a coup d'etat perpetrated by Gustav III. The ...

See also:

Instrument of Government 1809, Instrument of Government 1809 - History, Instrument of Government 1809 - Reforms

Read more here: » Instrument of Government 1809: Encyclopedia II - Instrument of Government 1809 - History