The equation for particle linear momentum is where: m is the particle's mass. v is the particle's velocity. fi is one of the N forces acting on the particle. Assuming constant mass, this reduces to To generalize, assume a body of finite mass and size is composed of such particles. There exist internal forces, acting between any two particles, and external forces, acting only on the outside of the mass. Each particle has: ...

See also:

Rigid body dynamics, Rigid body dynamics - Rigid body linear momentum, Rigid body dynamics - Rigid body angular momentum

Read more here: » Rigid body dynamics: Encyclopedia II - Rigid body dynamics - Rigid body linear momentum

See also:

Euclidean group, Euclidean group - Subgroup structure matrix and vector representation, Euclidean group - Subgroups, Euclidean group - Relation to the affine group, Euclidean group - Rigid body motions, Euclidean group - Overview of isometries in up to three dimensions, Euclidean group - Commuting isometries, Euclidean group - Conjugacy classes

Read more here: » Euclidean group: Encyclopedia II - Euclidean group - Rigid body motions

Applying (c) to individual particles of a rigid body, the principle can be generalized for a rigid body: When a rigid body, that is in equilibrium, is subject to virtual compatible displacements, then the total virtual work of all external forces is zero; and conversely, if the total virtual work of all external forces is zero, then the rigid body is in equilibrium. The expression compatible displacements means that the particles remain in contact and displace together so that the work done by pairs of action/reaction in ...

See also:

Virtual work, Virtual work - Virtual work principle for a particle, Virtual work - Virtual work principle for a rigid body, Virtual work - Virtual work principle for a deformable body, Virtual work - Principle of virtual displacements, Virtual work - Principle of virtual forces, Virtual work - Alternative forms, Virtual work - Bibliography

Read more here: » Virtual work: Encyclopedia II - Virtual work - Virtual work principle for a rigid body

In physics, a physical body is an object which can be described by the theories of classical mechanics, or quantum mechanics, and experimented upon by physical instruments. This includes the determination of position, and in some cases the orientation in space, as well as means to change these, by exerting forces. For instance, the force of gravity will accelerate a body if it is not supported, thus causing ...

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When the whole vitality is sapped from the body one cannot do any rigid Sadhana. Youth is the best period for Yoga Abhyasa. This is the first and the foremost qualification of a Sadhaka; there must be vigour and vitality.

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It is very difficult to find out the real signs of death. Stoppage of the heart-beat, stoppage of the pulse or breathing are not the actual signs of death. Stoppage of the heartbeats, pulse and respiration, cadaveric rigidity of the limbs, clammy sweat on the body, absence of warmth of the body, are the popular signs of death. The doctor tries to find out whether there is corneal reflex in the eye. He tries to bend the leg. These signs are not the real signs of death, because there have been several cases where there were cessation of breathing and beating of heart and yet they were revived after some time.

The death and dying and the life after death has always fascinated man. This is an excerpt from the book What Becomes Of The Soul After Death by Sri Swami Sivananda.

Read more here: » What Is Death?: Signs Of Death

I am a Hindu because I was born in a Hindu home. The Hindu way of life appeals to me because it gives me freedom to think and act. It does not bind me to rigid codes or to some particular book, but only requires that I try to follow the first two parts of the eight-fold ashtanga yoga, namely, yama or abstentions and niyama or observances, expecting me to do nothing more than being a good member of society. Practice of the next six parts is optional.

(See also: Hinduism, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Hinduism: Why I'm A Hindu, And Other Thoughts  

In physics, torque can be thought of informally as "rotational force". Torque is measured in units of newton metres, and its symbol is τ. The concept of Torque, also called moment or couple, originated with the work of Archimedes on levers. The rotational analogues of force, mass and acceleration are torque, moment of inertia and angular acceleration respectively. The force applied to a lever, multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum, is the torque. For example, a force of three newtons applied two metres fro ...

Including:

Torque - Units Torque - Special cases and other facts
Torque - Moment arm formula Torque - Force at an angle Torque - Static equilibrium Torque - Torque as a function of time
Torque - Machine torque Torque - Relationship between torque and power
Torque - Conversion to other units Torque - Derivation

Read more here: » Torque: Encyclopedia - Torque

The angular velocity of a point particle or rigid body describes the rate at which its orientation changes. It is analogous to translational velocity, and is defined in terms of the derivative of orientation with respect to time, just as translational velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to time. It is customary to introduce the concept of velocity by first defining average velocity as displacement divided by time. There the analogy with angular velocity is less useful: for example, if a body is rotating at a ...

Including:

Angular velocity - Vector angular velocity. Angular velocity - The non-circular motion case
Angular velocity - Derivation

Read more here: » Angular velocity: Encyclopedia - Angular velocity

In corsetry, a bone is one of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, gives it rigidity, and helps to shape the wearer's body. Originally, bones were made of whalebone, because no other material matched it for flexibility and strength. As whalebone was expensive, wood and cane were also used. Ivory was another luxury material used for the centre front bone, which was known as the busk. In the nineteenth century, whalebone was superseded by steel. Today, many corsets use plastic bones, alth ...

Read more here: » Bone corsetry: Encyclopedia - Bone corsetry

Body-on-frame is an automobile construction technology. Mounting a separate body to a rigid frame which supports the drivetrain was the original method of building automobiles, and its use continues to this day. The original frames were made of wood (commonly ash), but steel ladder frames became common in the 1930s. In the USA the frequent changes in automobile design made it necessary to use a ladder frame rather than monocoque to make it possible to cha ...

Read more here: » Body-on-frame: Encyclopedia - Body-on-frame

Cuirass (French cuirasse, Latin coriaceus, made of leather, from corium, the original breastplate being of leather), the plate armour, whether formed of a single piece of metal or other rigid material or composed of two or more pieces, which covers the front of the wearer's person. In a suit of armour, however, since this important piece was generally worn in connection with a corresponding defence for the back, the term cuirass commonly is understood to imply the complete body-armour, including both the breast an ...

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Sepiida Sepiolida Spirulida Teuthida Octopoda Vampyromorphida Subclass Coleoidea is the grouping of cephalopods containing all the primarily soft-bodied creatures. Unlike its sister group the Nautiloidea, which has a rigid outer shell for protection, the coleoids have at most an internal bone or shell that is used for buoyancy or support. Some species have lost their bone altogether, while in some it has bee ...

Including:

Coleoidea - Classification Coleoidea - External link

Read more here: » Coleoidea: Encyclopedia - Coleoidea

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS, (chemical formula ) is a common thermoplastic used to make light, rigid, molded products such as pipes, golf club heads (used for its good shock absorbance), automotive body parts, enclosures, protective head gear, and toys including Lego bricks. It is a copolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. The proportions can vary from 15% to 35% acrylonitrile, 5% to 30% butadiene and 40% to 60% styrene. The result is a long chain of polybutadiene criss-cro ...

Read more here: » Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene: Encyclopedia - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

A simple gravity pendulum (plural pendulums or pendula), also called a bob pendulum, is a weight on the end of a rigid rod (or a string/rope), which, when given an initial push, will swing back and forth under the influence of gravity over its central (lowest) point. A torsion pendulum consists of a body suspended by a fine wire or elastic fiber in such a way that it executes rotational oscillations as the suspending wire or fiber twists and untwists. Another variety of a torsion pendulum is a fixed elastic coil connected to a rod-like object; once moved off its resting position, the co ...

Including:

Pendulum - Analysis of a simple gravity pendulum Pendulum - Small angle approximation Pendulum - Arbitrary-amplitude period Pendulum - Applications Pendulum - Torsion pendulums Pendulum - Damped pendulum Pendulum - Pendulums for divination and dowsing

Read more here: » Pendulum: Encyclopedia - Pendulum

In physical simulations, video games and computational geometry, collision detection includes algorithms from checking for collision, i.e. intersection, of two given solids, to calculating trajectories, impact times and impact points in a physical simulation. Collision detection - Overview. In physical simulation, we wish to conduct experiments, such as playing billiards. The physics of bouncing billiard balls are well understood, under the umbrella of rigid body motion and elastic collisions. An initial de ...

Including:

Collision detection - Overview Collision detection - Collision detection in physical simulation
Collision detection - A posteriori vs a priori Collision detection - n-body pruning Collision detection - Temporal coherence Collision detection - Physically based temporal coherence Collision detection - Pairwise pruning Collision detection - Exact pairwise collision detection Collision detection - A priori collision detection Collision detection - Spatial partitioning miscellanea
Collision detection - Collision detection in video games Collision detection - Collision detection in computational geometry

Read more here: » Collision detection: Encyclopedia - Collision detection

If the bond angles, bond lengths and torsion angles of the components are not modified at any stage of complex generation, it is known as rigid body docking. A subject of debate is whether or not rigid-body docking is sufficiently good to find most complexes. When substantial conformational change occurs within the components at the time of complexation, rigid-body docking is clearly seen to be inadequate. However, exahaustively accounting for all possible conformational change is prohibitively expensive in computer time; it can be ar ...

See also:

Protein-protein docking, Protein-protein docking - Generating putative complex structures, Protein-protein docking - Rigid-Body docking vs. Flexible docking, Protein-protein docking - Ranking a generated set of structures, Protein-protein docking - Deciding whether a complex actually occurs in nature and measuring its affinity

Read more here: » Protein-protein docking: Encyclopedia II - Protein-protein docking - Rigid-Body docking vs. Flexible docking

The structures for the components of the complex must be available individually; if not, and their sequence is known, they may be homology modelled. Then one of various geometrical techniques is used to generate possible structures for the complex itself. These include: A simple series of discrete translations and rotations of the components with respect to each other and to one fixed component (usually the larges ...

See also:

Protein-protein docking, Protein-protein docking - Generating putative complex structures, Protein-protein docking - Rigid-Body docking vs. Flexible docking, Protein-protein docking - Ranking a generated set of structures, Protein-protein docking - Deciding whether a complex actually occurs in nature and measuring its affinity

Read more here: » Protein-protein docking: Encyclopedia II - Protein-protein docking - Generating putative complex structures

Heuristic scores are used in protein-protein docking to compare the suitability of a set of putative complexes. Examples are based on residue contacts, shape complementarity of molecular surfaces, and free energies estimated using parameters from molecular mechanics force fields developed by theoretical chemists, such as CHARMM or AMBER. Evolutionary history of amino-acid sequences of the associa ...

See also:

Protein-protein docking, Protein-protein docking - Generating putative complex structures, Protein-protein docking - Rigid-Body docking vs. Flexible docking, Protein-protein docking - Ranking a generated set of structures, Protein-protein docking - Deciding whether a complex actually occurs in nature and measuring its affinity

Read more here: » Protein-protein docking: Encyclopedia II - Protein-protein docking - Ranking a generated set of structures

The Euclidean group is a subgroup of the group of affine transformations. It has as subgroups the translational group T, and the orthogonal group O(n). Any element of E(n) is a translation followed by an orthogonal transformation (the linear part of the isometry), in a unique way: where A is an orthogonal matrix or an orthogonal transformation followed by a translation: . T is a normal subgroup of E(n): for any translation t ...

See also:

Euclidean group, Euclidean group - Subgroup structure matrix and vector representation, Euclidean group - Subgroups, Euclidean group - Relation to the affine group, Euclidean group - Rigid body motions, Euclidean group - Overview of isometries in up to three dimensions, Euclidean group - Commuting isometries, Euclidean group - Conjugacy classes

Read more here: » Euclidean group: Encyclopedia II - Euclidean group - Subgroup structure matrix and vector representation