Political expression is reported to be restricted in Kazakhstan in the months leading up to presidential elections in December, according to observers, including Human Rights Watch and Freedom House. [4] Kazakh authorities have reportedly attempted to restrict freedom of speech and shut down independent media and civil society groups. In September, the Vremya printing house unexpectedly cancelled contracts with seven newspapers, with no explanation given. Likewise, other printing firms in Kazakhstan's capital, Almaty, also refused to print t ...

See also:

Human rights in Kazakhstan, Human rights in Kazakhstan - Politics freedom of speech and the press

Read more here: » Human rights in Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Kazakhstan - Politics freedom of speech and the press

See also:

Human rights in Myanmar, Human rights in Myanmar - Personal freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - Forced labour, Human rights in Myanmar - Freedom of speech and Political freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - State-sanctioned torture and rape, Human rights in Myanmar - Children's rights

Read more here: » Human rights in Myanmar: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Myanmar - Freedom of speech and Political freedom

(See also: Media in China) Widespread censorship is used in China. There is heavy government involvement in the media, with many of the largest media organizations being run by the Communist government. References to Democracy, the free Tibet movement, Taiwan as an independent state, certain religious organizations and anything remotely questioning the legitimacy of the Communist Party of China are banned from use in publications and blocked on the internet. Recently, western web portals including Microsoft's MSN have come unde ...

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Human rights in the People's Republic of China, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - The situation in mainland China, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Legal System, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Repression of Dissent, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Repression of Ethnic Minorities, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of Movement, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of Speech, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - One-Child Policy, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of religion, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Other Human Rights Issues, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Economic and Social Improvement, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Perspective of the PRC government, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Views of the United States government

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The Noble Eightfold Path

In order to fully understand the noble truths and investigate whether they were in fact true, Buddha recommended that a certain lifestyle or path be followed which consists of:

1.   Right Understanding

2.   Right Thought

3.   Right Speech

4.   Right Action

5.   Right Livelihood

6.   Right Effort

7.   Right Mindfulness

8.   Right Concentration

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Buddhist Quotes: Avoid Vain Talk

One avoids vain talk, and abstains from it. One speaks at the right time, in accordance with facts, speaks what is useful, speaks of the law and the discipline; one’s speech is like a treasure, uttered at the right moment, accompanied by arguments, moderate and full of sense. This is called Right Speech.

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(See also: Buddhism Archives, Buddhist Quotes, Inspirational Quotes, Love Quotes, Friendship Quotes, Life Quotes)

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A right is the power or privilege to which one is justly entitled or a thing to which one has a just claim. Rights serve as rules of interaction between people, and, as such, they place constraints upon the actions of individuals or groups (for example, if one is granted a right to life, this means that others do not have the liberty to murder him). Most modern conceptions of rights are universalist and egalitarian; in other words, equal rights are granted to all people. Such rights may be defined in terms of the Golden Rule (" ...

Including:

• Right - Legal rights
• Right - Important documents

Read more here: » Right: Encyclopedia - Right

Civil liberties are protections from the power of governments. Examples include the right to life, the right to self defense, the right to a fair trial, the right to own property, the right to privacy, freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. These are usually guaranteed and protected by a constitution or by adherence to an international treaty. In many places there are disputes over certain liberties, regarding the question of whether they can be considered civil liberties at all, and, if so, whether they should be protected. Examples include reproductive rights, the right ...

Including:

• Civil liberties - European countries
• Civil liberties - Canada
• Civil liberties - China
• Civil liberties - United Kingdom
• Civil liberties - United States
• Civil liberties - Estonia

Read more here: » Civil liberties: Encyclopedia - Civil liberties

Various institutions in the United States and Europe began developing codes to limit or punish hate speech in the 1990s, on the grounds that such speech amounts to discrimination. Thus, such codes prohibit words or phrases deemed to express, either deliberately or unknowingly, hatred or contempt towards a group of people, based on areas such as their ethnic, cultural, religious or sexual identity, or with reference to physical or mental health. It may also in some contexts challenge the rights of individual ...

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Hate speech, Hate speech - Controversy, Hate speech - Legal aspects in the United States and elsewhere, Hate speech - Speech codes, Hate speech - Laws against hate speech, Hate speech - Justification for laws controlling or prohibiting hate speech, Hate speech - Arguments against legal restrictions, Hate speech - Differing concepts of what is offensive, Hate speech - Hate speech codes and censorship in academia, Hate speech - Examples of hate speech, Hate speech - Sources

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A central aspect of the hate speech debate is that concepts of what is acceptable and unacceptable differ, depending on eras in history and one's cultural and religious background. For example, personalised criticism of homosexuality and the belief that it is 'immoral', based on a person's religious beliefs, are to some a valid expression of their values, to others an expression of homophobia and are therefore homophobic hate speech. Prohibition in such cases is seen by some as an interference in their rights to express their beliefs. To others, these expres ...

See also:

Hate speech, Hate speech - Controversy, Hate speech - Legal aspects in the United States and elsewhere, Hate speech - Speech codes, Hate speech - Laws against hate speech, Hate speech - Justification for laws controlling or prohibiting hate speech, Hate speech - Arguments against legal restrictions, Hate speech - Differing concepts of what is offensive, Hate speech - Hate speech codes and censorship in academia, Hate speech - Examples of hate speech, Hate speech - Sources

Read more here: » Hate speech: Encyclopedia II - Hate speech - Differing concepts of what is offensive

Human rights in Myanmar - Forced labour. According to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions several hundred thousand men, women, children and elderly people are forced to work against their will by the administration. Individuals refusing to work may be victims of torture, rape or death. The International Labour Organization has continuously called on Myanmar to end the practice of forced labour since the 1960s. In June 2000, the ILO Conference adopted a resolution calling on governments to cease any relations with the country that m ...

See also:

Human rights in Myanmar, Human rights in Myanmar - Personal freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - Forced labour, Human rights in Myanmar - Freedom of speech and Political freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - State-sanctioned torture and rape, Human rights in Myanmar - Children's rights

Read more here: » Human rights in Myanmar: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Myanmar - Personal freedom

A 2002 report by The Shan Human Rights Foundation and The Shan Women's Action Network,Licence to rape, details 173 incidents of rape and other forms of sexual violence, involving 625 girls and women, committed by Burmese army troops in Shan State, mostly between 1996 and 2001. The authors note that the figures are likely to be far lower than the reality. According to the report, "the Burmese military regime is allowing its troops systematically and on a widespread scale to commit rape with impunity in order to terrorize and subju ...

See also:

Human rights in Myanmar, Human rights in Myanmar - Personal freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - Forced labour, Human rights in Myanmar - Freedom of speech and Political freedom, Human rights in Myanmar - State-sanctioned torture and rape, Human rights in Myanmar - Children's rights

Read more here: » Human rights in Myanmar: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Myanmar - State-sanctioned torture and rape

Main article: Freedom of speech in the People's Republic of China and Human rights in the People's Republic of China Freedom of speech, protected by the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, allows people the freedom to express themselves and enjoy the expressions of others in nearly all instances. However, in practice, it should be noted that this contrasts drastically to what has ...

See also:

Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China, Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of speech, Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China - Electoral Rights and Equality, Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China - Personal Freedom

Read more here: » Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China: Encyclopedia II - Civil liberties in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of speech

Human rights in Japan - Freedom of Speech and Press. The Constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the Government generally respects these rights in practice. In theory, an independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to ensure freedom of speech and of the press. However, Japan's system of exclusive press clubs, or kisha, has been criticised by press freedom groups [1]. The clubs often provide major media outlets with exclusive acc ...

See also:

Human rights in Japan, Human rights in Japan - Major issues, Human rights in Japan - Respect for the Integrity of the Person Including Freedom From:, Human rights in Japan - Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life, Human rights in Japan - Disappearance, Human rights in Japan - Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Human rights in Japan - Arbitrary Arrest or Detention, Human rights in Japan - Denial of Fair Public Trial, Human rights in Japan - Arbitrary Interference with Privacy Family Home or Correspondence, Human rights in Japan - Respect for Civil Liberties Including, Human rights in Japan - Freedom of Speech and Press, Human rights in Japan - Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, Human rights in Japan - Freedom of Religion, Human rights in Japan - Freedom of Movement Within the Country Foreign Travel Emigration and Repatriation, Human rights in Japan - Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government, Human rights in Japan - Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Human rights in Japan - Discrimination Based on Race Sex Disability Language or Social Status, Human rights in Japan - Women, Human rights in Japan - Children, Human rights in Japan - Trafficking in Persons, Human rights in Japan - Persons with Disabilities, Human rights in Japan - National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Human rights in Japan - Indigenous People, Human rights in Japan - Worker Rights, Human rights in Japan - The Right of Association, Human rights in Japan - The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively, Human rights in Japan - Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, Human rights in Japan - Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, Human rights in Japan - Acceptable Conditions of Work, Human rights in Japan - External references

Read more here: » Human rights in Japan: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Japan - Respect for Civil Liberties Including

See also Politics of Mongolia The Mongolian political system has been criticized as being arbitrary, corrupt and generally incapable of providing safeguards for basic freedoms. Political opponents of the government suffered human rights violations, including arbitrary detention and ill-treatment. Torture was common in police stations, detention centres and allegations of torture and ill-treatment were rarely investigated adequately. Conditions in detent ...

See also:

Human rights in Mongolia, Human rights in Mongolia - Political system, Human rights in Mongolia - Freedom of speech and political freedom

Read more here: » Human rights in Mongolia: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Mongolia - Political system

The most important argument made by the plaintiffs was that the new laws interfered with a right to free political speech which was implied in the Constitution. They also argued that the parts of the Act requiring that broadcasters give "free time" to certain people was an unjust acquisition of property. The Government of New South Wales argued that the laws were discriminatory against the states and they interfered with the proper business of State Governments.

See also:

Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Background to the case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Freedom of speech, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Acquisition of property, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Interference with State rights, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The decision, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Consequences

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Landmark decisions in Canada are have usually been made by the Supreme Court of Canada, although historically some have been made by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. Landmark decision - Aboriginal rights. R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 1. S.C.R. 1075 Delgamuukw v. British Columbia [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010 R. v. Marshall [1999] 3 SCR 45 Landmark decision - Abortion. R. v. Morgentaler [1988] 1 S.C.R. 30
...

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Landmark decision, Landmark decision - Comparison with cause célèbre, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in Australia, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in Canada, Landmark decision - Aboriginal rights, Landmark decision - Abortion, Landmark decision - Equality, Landmark decision - Freedom of Speech, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in the United Kingdom, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in the United States, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Civil Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Criminal Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Federalism, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in First Amendment Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark Decisions in Other Areas of U.S. Law

Read more here: » Landmark decision: Encyclopedia II - Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in Canada

Landmark cases in the United States come most frequently (but not exclusively) from the United States Supreme Court. United States Courts of Appeal may also make such decisions, particularly if the Supreme Court chooses not to review the case, or adopts the holding of the court below. Although many cases from state supreme courts are significant in developing the law of that state, only a few are so revolutionary that they announce standards that many other state courts then choose to follow. Main articles: List of court case ...

See also:

Landmark decision, Landmark decision - Comparison with cause célèbre, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in Australia, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in Canada, Landmark decision - Aboriginal rights, Landmark decision - Abortion, Landmark decision - Equality, Landmark decision - Freedom of Speech, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in the United Kingdom, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in the United States, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Civil Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Criminal Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in U.S. Federalism, Landmark decision - Landmark decisions in First Amendment Rights, Landmark decision - Landmark Decisions in Other Areas of U.S. Law

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The court decided that a right to freedom of political communication was essential to the system of representative government provided for in the Constitution. The court expressed the view that the reason why Australia does not have a bill of rights is because the framers of the Constitution believed that since Australia had a system of representative government, which gave all voters an equal share in political power, laws to protect rights were simply not necessary. To undermine the system of representative government was contrary to this ...

See also:

Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Background to the case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Freedom of speech, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Acquisition of property, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Interference with State rights, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The decision, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Consequences

Read more here: » Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The decision

The case was one of the earliest in a series of cases in which the High Court found implied rights in the Constitution. This trend reached a high-point in Theophanous v Herald and Weekly Times Ltd, which found that the implied right to freedom of political communication could be used as a defence in a defamation action. Although that is no longer the case, the limited right to freedom of communication remains. In discussing the nature of representative government, Chief Justice Mason expressed the view that although the Constitution o ...

See also:

Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Background to the case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Freedom of speech, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Acquisition of property, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Interference with State rights, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - The decision, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth - Consequences

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In modern English and European systems of jurisprudence and law, a right is the legal or moral entitlement to do or refrain from doing something or to obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recognition in civil society. Compare with duty, referring to behaviour that is expected or required of the citizen, and with privilege, referring to something that can be conferred and revoked. The specific enumeration of rights accorded to citizens has historically differed greatly from one century to the next, ...

See also:

Right, Right - Legal rights, Right - Important documents

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