Rhodes

At its simplest, a defensive wall consists of a wall enclosure and its gates. For the most part, the top of the walls were accessible, with the outside of the walls having tall parapets with embrasures or merlons. North of the Alps, this passageway at the top of the walls occasionally had a roof. In addition to this, many different enhancements were made over the course of the centuries: City ditch: a ditch dug in front of the walls, occasionally filled with water. Gate tower: a tower built next to, or on top of ...

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Defensive wall, Defensive wall - History, Defensive wall - Composition, Defensive wall - Decline, Defensive wall - Modern Era, Defensive wall - Africa, Defensive wall - Austria, Defensive wall - Azerbaijan, Defensive wall - Canada, Defensive wall - China, Defensive wall - Croatia, Defensive wall - France, Defensive wall - Germany, Defensive wall - Greece, Defensive wall - Hungary, Defensive wall - Israel, Defensive wall - Ireland, Defensive wall - Middle East, Defensive wall - Morocco and Western Sahara, Defensive wall - the Netherlands, Defensive wall - Philippines, Defensive wall - Poland, Defensive wall - Spain, Defensive wall - Sweden, Defensive wall - Turkey, Defensive wall - United Kingdom, Defensive wall - United States

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Physician, born 1550 at Lisbon, died at Hamburg, date disputed but probably 1627 Castro studied medicine at Evora and Salamanca and, after receiving there the degrees of doctor of philosophy and of medicine, he practised at Lisbon. Philip II requested him on the completion of his studies to make a journey to East India for the purpose of collecting medicinal herbs and studying them scientifically, but the request was refused. In order to escape the persecutions of the Inquisition, Castro settled in Antwerp with his wife, ...

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De Castro family, De Castro family - Abraham de Castro, De Castro family - Balthazar Isaac Orobio de Castro, De Castro family - Benedict Baruch Nehamias de Castro, De Castro family - Daniel Andreas do Castro, De Castro family - David Henriques de Castro, De Castro family - Ezekiel de Castro, De Castro family - Felix de Castro, De Castro family - Hananeel de Castro, De Castro family - Isaac de Castro, De Castro family - Isaac de Castro, De Castro family - Isaac de Castro, De Castro family - Jacob de Castro, De Castro family - Jacob de Castro, De Castro family - Jacob de Castro, De Castro family - Jacques de Castro, De Castro family - Jose Rodrigues de Castro, De Castro family - Leon Hayim de Castro, De Castro family - Moses de Castro, De Castro family - Moses Orobio de Castro, De Castro family - Nissim de Castro, De Castro family - Rodrigo de Castro, De Castro family - Members of the de Castro family sentenced by the Inquisition, De Castro family - Source

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Caesar was elected quaestor by the Assembly of the People in 70 BC, at the age of 30, as stipulated in the Roman cursus honorum. This office brought with it membership in the senate. He drew the lots and was assigned with a quaestorship in Hispania Ulterior, a Roman province roughly situated in modern Portugal and southern Spain. As an administrative and financial officer, the trip was largely uneventful, but while in Hispania he had the now famous encounter with a statue of Alexander the Great. Perhaps because of his weakened emotion ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

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Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Opening Moves. At the start of the war the British and French expected to have command of the seas, as they believed their navies were superior to those of Germany and Italy. The British and French immediately began a blockade of Germany, which had little effect on German industry. The German Navy began to attack British shipping with both surface ships and U-boats, sinking the S. S. Athenia within hours of the declaration of war. The German Panzerschiff (a heavy cruiser) Admiral G ...

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Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Pre-war tensions, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Beginning of the War, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Western and northern Europe 1940 and 1941, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Norwegian Campaign, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Battle of France, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Fall of France, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Dunkirk, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Battle of Britain, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The War at Sea, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Opening Moves, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Battle of the Atlantic, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Mediterranean, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Operation Overlord and the Normandy Landings, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The East, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The North African Desert, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Onto the offensive, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Greek interlude and Crete, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Iraq Syria and Persia, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Ethiopia, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Rommel arrives, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - To and fro in the Western Desert, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Operation Torch and El Alamein, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Battle for Tunisia, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Italian Campaign, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Invasion of Sicily, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Surrender of Italy, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Winter Line and the Battle for Monte Cassino, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Anzio and Rome, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Gothic Line and Victory in Italy, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Greek Civil War, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Liberation of Europe, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Operation Overlord, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Breakout from Normandy, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Riviera Invasion, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Operation Market Garden, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Walcheren, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Battle of the Bulge, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Crossing the Rhine and Final Surrender, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Combined Bomber Offensive, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Far East, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Disaster in Malaya and Singapore, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Burma Campaign, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Okinawa and Japan, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - The Air War, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Airfields, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Special Forces, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Military Structures, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Technology

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Domestic Athens to: Thessaloniki (May 1999) Heraklion (May 1999) Rhodes (June 1999) Chania (June 1999) Alexandroupolis (October 1999) Kavala (October 1999) Corfu (Kerkyra) (October 1999) Mytilene (December 1999) Ioannina (December 1999) Santorini (Thira) (May 2000) Chios (November 2003) Kos (Novemb ...

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Aegean Airlines, Aegean Airlines - History, Aegean Airlines - Services, Aegean Airlines - Fleet

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The 5000-year-old city that was formerly called Smyrna, is one of the oldest cities of the Mediterranean basin. The original city was established in the third millennium B.C. (at present day Bayraklı, Karsiyaka), at which time it shared with Troy the most advanced culture in Anatolia. By 1500 BC it had fallen under the influence of Central Anatolian Hittite Empire. Greek settlement is attested by the presence of pottery dating from about 1000 BC. According to the famous Greek historian Herodotus (from Halicarnassus, modern-day Bodrum) the c ...

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İzmir, İzmir - Name, İzmir - History, İzmir - Homer, İzmir - From the eighth century BC, İzmir - Smyrna becomes İzmir, İzmir - Modern İzmir, İzmir - Climate, İzmir - İzmir International Fair, İzmir - Birds Paradise, İzmir - Cuisine of İzmir, İzmir - Festivals, İzmir - Sports, İzmir - Education, İzmir - Districts, İzmir - Reference, İzmir - Media and art mentioning İzmir

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The earliest reference to a Greek Jew is in an inscription, dated c. 300-250 BCE found in Oropos, a small coastal town between Athens and Boeotia, and refers to him as "Moschos, son of Moschion the Jew" who may have been a slave. The Romaniotes are Greek Jews, distinct from both Ashkenazim and Sephardim. Jews have lived in Greece possibly as early as the Babylonian exile, and certainly had established communities in major Greek cities by the time of Jesus. A Romaniote oral tradition traces the first Jews to arrive in Ioannina s ...

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Romaniotes, Romaniotes - History, Romaniotes - World War II and the Jewish Holocaust, Romaniotes - Present Day, Romaniotes - Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue, Romaniotes - Famous Jews in Greece

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Chrysi Crete Dia Euboea Gavdos Koufonisi Kos Aegean islands - Saronic Islands. Aegina Hydra Poros Spetses Aegean islands - The Sporades Islands. Skiathos Skopelos skopelos guide Alonnisos Skyros Aegean islands - The Ionian Islands. Antikythira Antipaxi Corfu Ithaki Kefalonia Kythira See also:

Aegean islands, Aegean islands - Turkish Islands:, Aegean islands - Greek Islands:, Aegean islands - Saronic Islands, Aegean islands - The Sporades Islands, Aegean islands - The Ionian Islands, Aegean islands - The Dodecanese Islands, Aegean islands - The Northern Aegean Islands, Aegean islands - The Cyclades Islands

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Students at Agnes Scott are known as "Scotties." The school colors of Agnes Scott are purple and white, while the mascot is Irvine, a Scottish Terrier. Each incoming class is assigned a class color out of red, yellow, blue, or green and votes on a class mascot that correlates with that color. The colors and mascots are intended to establish class pride, particularly during one week of fun-filled activities called Black Cat. Black Cat occurs every fall and culminates in a seri ...

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Agnes Scott College, Agnes Scott College - History, Agnes Scott College - Undergraduate campus life, Agnes Scott College - Rankings, Agnes Scott College - Special curricula, Agnes Scott College - Financial status, Agnes Scott College - Notable achievements, Agnes Scott College - Notable alumnae, Agnes Scott College - Miscellaneous

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On 17 October Codrington, de Rigny and Geiden tried to arrange an armistice between Ibrahim Pasha and the Greek forces. The Greeks quickly agreed, but the Ottoman forces declined the terms of the armistice. Showing defiance to the Allies, the Ottoman officers pretended not to know Pasha's whereabouts. The Allied commanders decided to anchor their ships in Navarino Bay, amid the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet. The Allied fleet entered in two lines, one formed by the English and French ships, the other by the Russian ships. The Ottoman-Egyptian ...

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Battle of Navarino, Battle of Navarino - Overview, Battle of Navarino - Background, Battle of Navarino - The battle, Battle of Navarino - Allies, Battle of Navarino - Turkey/Egypt/Tunisia Ibrahim Pasha, Battle of Navarino - Trivia

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Taranto was a Greek colony, part of Magna Graecia. The leading faction in Taranto, the democrats under Philocharis or Ainesias, was against Rome, because they knew that if the Romans entered Taranto the Greeks would lose their independence. The Greeks in Taranto had grown afraid of Roman expansion after the Third Samnite War. After the surrender of the Samnites in 290 BC, the Romans founded many colonies in Apulia and Lucania, the most important of which was Venusia. In 282 BC, after a battle against the Samnites, Lucanians, Bruttians and Th ...

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Battle of Heraclea, Battle of Heraclea - Background, Battle of Heraclea - Preparation, Battle of Heraclea - The battle, Battle of Heraclea - Order of Battle, Battle of Heraclea - Aftermath, Battle of Heraclea - Bibliography, Battle of Heraclea - Notes

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Numerous small settlements existed in the broader area of Archangelos during the Hellenistic era, others on the coast and others inland. After the 7th century AD the settlements near the coast were abandoned due to the frequent invasions of Pirates and their inhabitants settled on existing inland settlements or founded new ones in more secure areas. Over time the various settlements of the area were merged ...

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Archangelos, Archangelos - History, Archangelos - Economy

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In a scramble for overseas markets between the Franco-Prussian War and World War, Europe added almost 9 million square miles (23,000,000 km²) — one-fifth of the land area of the globe — to its overseas colonial possessions. Ushering out the cavalier colonialism of the mid-Victorian era, the age of Pax Britannica, the late nineteenth century Romantic Age was an era of "empire for empire's sake". But scholars debate the causes and ramifications of this period of colonialism, dubbed "The New Imperialism" to distinguish it from earlier ...

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Economic history of Britain, Economic history of Britain - Early history, Economic history of Britain - Middle Ages, Economic history of Britain - Slavery and Overseas Expansion, Economic history of Britain - The Age of Mercantilism, Economic history of Britain - The Industrial Revolution, Economic history of Britain - The Second Industrial Revolution, Economic history of Britain - Foreign investment, Economic history of Britain - Breakdown of Pax Britannica and New Imperialism, Economic history of Britain - Britain and the Colonization of Africa Imperialism in Asia, Economic history of Britain - 20th Century, Economic history of Britain - Overview, Economic history of Britain - 1900–1928: The Early 20th Century, Economic history of Britain - 1929–1945: The Great Depression and Second World War, Economic history of Britain - 1945–1959: The Post-War Era, Economic history of Britain - 1960–1979: An Economic Malaise, Economic history of Britain - 1979–1990: The Thatcher Era, Economic history of Britain - 1990–1997: The Major Years, Economic history of Britain - 1997+: New Labour, Economic history of Britain - The 21st Century

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Claudius was born Tiberius Claudius Drusus on August 1, 10 BC in Lugdunum, Gaul, on the day of the dedication of an altar to Augustus. He was the third child of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor, the two older children being Germanicus and Livilla. Antonia may have had two other children as well, but both died young. His maternal grandparents were Mark Antony and Octavia, Caesar Augustus' sister. His paternal grandparents were Livia, Augustus' third wife, and Tiberius Claudius Nero. During his reign, Claudius revived the rumor that his father Dru ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

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The consolidation of Ottoman rule was followed by two distinct trends of Greek migration. The first entailed Greek intellectuals, such as Johannes Bessarion, George Gemistos Plethon and Marcus Musurus, migrating to Western Europe and influencing the advent of the Renaissance. The second entailed Greeks leaving the plains of the Greek peninsula and resettling in the mountains, where the rugged landscape made it hard for the Ottomans to establish either military or administrative presence. See also:

Ottoman Greece, Ottoman Greece - Ottoman rule, Ottoman Greece - Administration, Ottoman Greece - Religion, Ottoman Greece - Taxation and the tribute of children, Ottoman Greece - Demographics, Ottoman Greece - Ottoman decline, Ottoman Greece - The War of Independence

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In the early 16th century, the Ottoman Empire started spreading over the region, reaching South-East Europe. The Spanish king Charles V feared that if Rome fell to the Turks it would be the end of Christian Europe. In 1522, Suleiman II drove the Knight Hospitallers of St. John out of Rhodes. They dispersed to their commanderies in Europe. Wanting to protect Rome from invasion from the South, in 1530 Charles V handed over the island to these Knights. For the next 275 years, these famous "Knights of Malta" made the island their domain. ...

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History of Malta, History of Malta - Timetable, History of Malta - Geology, History of Malta - Prehistory, History of Malta - Arabization and the Maltese Language, History of Malta - Middle Ages, History of Malta - Knights of St. John, History of Malta - The Great Siege, History of Malta - British Rule, History of Malta - Language Issue, History of Malta - World War II, History of Malta - Attempted Integration with the United Kingdom, History of Malta - Independence, History of Malta - EU Membership, History of Malta - Trivia

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Little is known about the rise of ancient Cretan society, because very few written records remain. This contrasts with the superb palaces, houses, roads, paintings and sculptures that do remain. Cretan history is surrounded by legends (such as those of King Minos; Theseus and the Minotaur; and Daedalus and Icarus) that have been passed to us via Greek historian/poets (such as Homer). Because of a lack of written records, estimates of Cretan chronology are based on well-established Aegean and Ancient Near Eastern pottery ...

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History of Crete, History of Crete - Prehistoric Crete, History of Crete - Minoan-Mycenaean Crete, History of Crete - Classical Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Crete, History of Crete - Venetian and Ottoman Crete, History of Crete - Modern Crete

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The early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to Pythagoras spherical figure-an idea supported one hundred years later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek scientist, bel ...

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History of geodesy, History of geodesy - Early concepts of the figure of the Earth, History of geodesy - Classical Greece, History of geodesy - From Greece to the Middle Ages, History of geodesy - Scientific revolution, History of geodesy - 19th century, History of geodesy - About this article

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"I'm Wide Awake It's Morning" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from music critics around the country, and many considered the album to be the best Bright Eyes record yet. The album received a high score of 85 on metacritic.com, a review-aggregation website. This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2005 (#79). ...

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I'm Wide Awake It's Morning, I'm Wide Awake It's Morning - Track listing, I'm Wide Awake It's Morning - Personnel, I'm Wide Awake It's Morning - Critics' Reaction, I'm Wide Awake It's Morning - Singles

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The town of Limassol is situated between the ancient towns of Amathus and Curium (Kourion). The English King Richard the Lionheart destroyed Amathus in 1191. Lemesos (Limassol) was probably built after Amathus had been ruined. However, the town of Lemesos (Limassol) was inhabited since the very old times. Graves that were found there date back to 2.000 B.C. and others date back to the 8th and 4th century BC. These few remains that were left behind show that a small colonization must have existed which did not manage to develop and flourish. The ancient writers mention nothi ...

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Limassol, Limassol - History, Limassol - Administration, Limassol - Economy, Limassol - Demographics, Limassol - Sites of interest, Limassol - Festivals, Limassol - Sports, Limassol - Twinned Cities, Limassol - Reference, Limassol - External link, Limassol - Other Uses

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Khair ad Din (Khairuddin Abdul Rahman) was one of four brothers: Ishaq, 'Aruj, Ilias and Khidr, who were born in the 1470s on the island of Lesbos (Λέσβος) to their father, Yakup, and a Christian mother, Katalina, said to be the widow of a Christian priest. Some sources make Yakup a Sipahi, i.e. a feudal cavalry 'knight', while others make him a Janissary from Vardar. The four brothers initially worked as sailors, and privateers in the Mediterranean to counteract the privateering of the Knights of St. John of the Island o ...

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Khair ad Din, Khair ad Din - Early career, Khair ad Din - Admiral-in-Chief of the Ottoman Empire

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Italian Empire - Italian East Africa. The Italian colony in the southern part of Somaliland was established in 1889–90. In 1925 it was extended when Jubaland was acquired from Kenya. Italy's colony in Eritrea was established in 1889. The colony was treated as a prestige project during the Fascist era and to this day the capital, Asmara, retains some fine buildings and monuments dating back to the period of Italian rule. Because of this striking architectural ...

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Italian Empire, Italian Empire - Italian colonial possessions, Italian Empire - Italian East Africa, Italian Empire - Libya, Italian Empire - Tientsin China, Italian Empire - Italian possessions in Europe, Italian Empire - Albania, Italian Empire - In Greece, Italian Empire - In later Yugoslavia, Italian Empire - Imperial ambition, Italian Empire - End of empire, Italian Empire - Sources and References

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