Rhetoric (from Greek ρήτωρ, rhêtôr, "orator") is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialectic and grammar) in Western culture. In ancient and medieval times, grammar concerned itself with correct language use through the study and criticism of literary models, dialectic concerned itself with the testing and invention of new knowledge through a process of question and answer, and rhetoric concerned itself with persuasion in public and political settings such as assemblies and c ...

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Rhetoric - History
Rhetoric - Introduction Rhetoric - Ancient Greece Rhetoric - Roman rhetoricians Rhetoric - Rhetoric from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment Rhetoric - Modern developments Rhetoric - Current state of rhetorical study Rhetoric - Rhetorical remedies

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Rhetoric, Rhetoric - History, Rhetoric - Introduction, Rhetoric - Ancient Greece, Rhetoric - Roman rhetoricians, Rhetoric - Rhetoric from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, Rhetoric - Modern developments, Rhetoric - Current state of rhetorical study, Rhetoric - Related theory, Rhetoric - Examples of Rhetoric, Rhetoric - Miscellaneous', Rhetoric - Rhetorical remedies

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Rhetoric - Introduction. The scholarly literature on the 2500-year history and theory of rhetoric in Western culture is far too voluminous to be listed at the end of this entry. Useful reference works include George Kennedy's Classical Rhetoric and its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times, Thomas O. Sloane, ed., Encyclopedia of Rhetoric (Oxford University Press, 2001); Heinrich Lausberg, Handbook of Literary Rhetoric: A Foundation for Literary Study (1960; 2nd ed. 1973; Engli ...

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Rhetoric, Rhetoric - History, Rhetoric - Introduction, Rhetoric - Ancient Greece, Rhetoric - Roman rhetoricians, Rhetoric - Rhetoric from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, Rhetoric - Modern developments, Rhetoric - Current state of rhetorical study, Rhetoric - Rhetorical remedies

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Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representations) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. The increased emphasis on the aesthetics of language and the deliberate use of features such as repetition, meter and rhyme, are what are commonly used to distinguish poetry from prose, but debates over s ...

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Poetry - Nature of poetry Poetry - Tools
Poetry - Sound Poetry - Form Poetry - Rhetoric
Poetry - History Poetry - Terms

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In the fictional Star Wars universe, the Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS for short) is an organization that existed in the latter years of the Republic. The organization was made up of organizations and star systems that wanted to leave the Republic, numbering "thousands" and with at least "ten thousand ready to join". Several corporations including the Trade Federation, Techno Union, Commerce Guild, Corporate Alliance, and InterGalactic Banking Clan also joined. The organization's main goal was to split from the Republic and form their own government, stating that the Republic had become too ...

Including:

Confederacy of Independent Systems - History of the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Trade Espionage Geonosian Revolution and Techno Union Treason Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Blockade Crisis Confederacy of Independent Systems - Count Dooku's Rhetoric Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Crisis Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Clone Wars Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the War Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the Confederacy Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Aftermath
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Threat of a new Droid Army Confederacy of Independent Systems - Key Members of the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Council Confederacy of Independent Systems - Other Separatist Members and Allies Confederacy of Independent Systems - Separatist Army Confederacy of Independent Systems - Planets Moons and Facilities Claimed by the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Heads of State and Government Confederacy of Independent Systems - Quotes

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Metrology is variously described as the science of measurement; the science of accuracy and precision; the history of measures; the history of measurement and other definitions. It is a field of study which has been highly politicized and nationalized with sharp even severe rhetoric as the field progressed. Metrology, as defined by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) in its 2000 publication International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology [1], is the "Science of Measurement." Legal metr ...

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Metrology - Introduction Metrology - Historical development Metrology - Mechanisms of metrology

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Apocalypticism is a worldview based on the idea that important matters are hidden from view and they will soon be revealed in a major confrontation of earth-shaking magnitude that will change the course of history. It can appear as a tendency, outlook, perceptual frame, or rhetorical style; and can lead people toward passivity while awaiting the inevitable end, or active preparation in anticipation of a momentous event. Apocalypticism can be tied to religious or secular views, and the expected out ...

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Apocalypticism - General Apocalypticism - Christian premillennial apocalyptic writers Apocalypticism - Apocalyptic fiction Apocalypticism - Apocalyptic films Apocalypticism - Apocalyptic movements Apocalypticism - Millenarian cults
Apocalypticism - References chronological

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Communication studies is the academic discipline that studies communication; subdisciplines include animal communication, argumentation, speech communication, rhetoric, communication theory, group communication, information theory, intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, marketing, organizational communication, persuasion, propaganda, public affairs, public relations and telecommunication. At many institutions, separate schools of Mass communication share an interest in communicati ...

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Communication studies - History Communication studies - Criticism

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Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. The term originally meant a love (Greek philo-) of learning and literature (Greek -logia). In the academic traditions of several nations, a wide sense of the term "philology" describes the study of a language together with its literature and the historical and cultural contexts which are indispensable for an understanding of the literary works and other culturally significant texts. Philology thus comprises the study of the grammar, rhetoric, history, interpretation ...

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Philology - Branches of philology
Philology - Comparative philology Philology - Radical philology Philology - Text reconstruction Philology - Deciphering ancient texts

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Poetry as an art form predates literacy. Poetry was employed as a means of recording oral history, storytelling (epic poetry), genealogy, and law. Poetry is often closely identified with liturgy in pre-literate societies. Many of the scriptures currently held to be sacred by contemporary religious traditions with their roots in antiquity were composed as poetry rather than prose to aid memorization and help guarantee the accuracy of oral transmission in pre-literate societies. As a result many of the poems surviving from the ancient world ar ...

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Poetry, Poetry - Nature of poetry, Poetry - Tools, Poetry - Sound, Poetry - Form, Poetry - Rhetoric, Poetry - History, Poetry - Terms

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Poetry - Sound. Perhaps the most vital element of sound in poetry is rhythm. Often the rhythm of each line is arranged in a particular meter. Different types of meter played key roles in Classical, Early European, Eastern and Modern poetry. In the case of free verse, the rhythm of lines is often organized into looser units of cadence. Robinson Jeffers, Marianne Moore, and William Carlos Williams were three notable poets who rejected the idea that meter was a critical element of poetry, claiming it was an u ...

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Poetry, Poetry - Nature of poetry, Poetry - Tools, Poetry - Sound, Poetry - Form, Poetry - Rhetoric, Poetry - History, Poetry - Terms

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Poetry can be differentiated from prose, which is language meant to convey meaning in a less condensed way, using more logical or narrative structures. This does not imply poetry is illogical. Poetry is often created from the desire to escape the logical, as well as expressing feelings and other expressions in a tight, condensed manner. English Romantic poet John Keats termed this escape from logic Negative Capability. Prose poetry combines the characteristics of poetry with the superficial appearance of prose. Other forms include narrative poetry and dramatic poetry, used to tel ...

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Poetry, Poetry - Nature of poetry, Poetry - Tools, Poetry - Sound, Poetry - Form, Poetry - Rhetoric, Poetry - History, Poetry - Terms

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Forza Italia is a centre-right party, member of the European People's Party and of the International Democratic Union, formed mainly by ex-Christian Democrats, ex-Liberals and ex-Socialists. The ideology of the party ranges from Conservative Libertarianism to Christian Social-Democracy; the party presents itself as the party of renewal and modernization. The preamble to the party's statute says that "it is a liberal party although not an elistist one, indeed a popular liberal-democratic party; it is a catholic party although not a con ...

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Forza Italia, Forza Italia - History, Forza Italia - Party Ideology and Factions, Forza Italia - Membership, Forza Italia - Football Rhetoric, Forza Italia - Internal Structure, Forza Italia - Leading Members, Forza Italia - Distinctive Traits, Forza Italia - Polemics about Racist Statements

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Forza Italia was formed in 1993 by Silvio Berlusconi, a successful businessman and owner of all the main private television stations in Italy, along with Antonio Martino, Mario Valducci, Antonio Tajani, Marcello Dell'Utri, Cesare Previti and Giuliano Urbani. A few months after its creation, Forza Italia came to national power in the 1994 elections as the head of a political coalition called Polo delle Libertà, but fell when the northern separatist Northern League left the coalition. In 1999 Forza Italy gained full membership of the European People's Party, of which Ant ...

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Forza Italia, Forza Italia - History, Forza Italia - Party Ideology and Factions, Forza Italia - Membership, Forza Italia - Football Rhetoric, Forza Italia - Internal Structure, Forza Italia - Leading Members, Forza Italia - Distinctive Traits, Forza Italia - Polemics about Racist Statements

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Forza Italia has a president (currently Silvio Berlusconi), a vice-president (Giulio Tremonti), a Presidential Committee (Comitato di Presidenza), led by Claudio Scajola, and a National Council, led by Alfredo Biondi. Moreover it has thematic departments and regional, provincial or metropolitan coordination boards plus a lot of affiliate clubs (Club Azzurro) all over Italy. On at least one occasion, Berlusconi used his own financial means to pay debts accumulated by the party, drawing criticism from other political forces about the ...

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Forza Italia, Forza Italia - History, Forza Italia - Party Ideology and Factions, Forza Italia - Membership, Forza Italia - Football Rhetoric, Forza Italia - Internal Structure, Forza Italia - Leading Members, Forza Italia - Distinctive Traits, Forza Italia - Polemics about Racist Statements

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In most developed countries, same-sex relationships are accepted, and are accorded legal protection. Many governments have established formal structures for confirming legal relationships (either as marriage or partnership) between people of the same sex. In some cultures influenced by anti-gay religious dogma, homosexuality is still considered unnatural, a perversion and has been outlawed (see sodomy law, consensual crime). In some Muslim nations it remains a c ...

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Culture, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Law, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Repression, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Rhetoric, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - History in the West, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Psychology and modification of sexual orientation, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Stereotypes, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Blame for plagues and disasters, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Association with child abuse and pedophilia

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism. In the 1950s in the United States, homosexuality was taboo. Senator Joseph McCarthy used accusations of homosexuality as a smear tactic in his anti-Communist crusade. Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement. Beginning in the 20th century, Gay rights movements, as part of the broader civil rights movements, have led to changes in social acceptance and in the media portrayal of homosexuality. Th ...

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Culture, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Law, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Repression, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Rhetoric, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - History in the West, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Psychology and modification of sexual orientation, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Stereotypes, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Blame for plagues and disasters, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Association with child abuse and pedophilia

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In Western culture, gay men are often stereotyped as effeminate or sometimes as hypermasculinized (see homomasculinity). The severely homophobic sides of these stereotypes are the effete man in a position of moral authority (such as the pedophile priest or boy scout leader), and the muscle-bound prison rapist. Lesbians are often stereotyped as being overly masculine or Butch and Femme. Bise ...

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Culture, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Law, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Repression, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Rhetoric, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - History in the West, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Psychology and modification of sexual orientation, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Stereotypes, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Blame for plagues and disasters, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Association with child abuse and pedophilia

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Many religious establishments welcome homosexual individuals, either on a footing of equality with heterosexuals (such as the Unitarian Universalist congregation or the Anglican congregation in North America) or even according them special status as possessing enhanced spiritual abilities (as many Native religions do). At the same time, some moralists and religious groups view homosexuality to be a sin. John Boswell argued that church stance has varied over time, and that during several periods in European Christian history homosexual ...

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Culture, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Law, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Repression, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Rhetoric, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - History in the West, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Psychology and modification of sexual orientation, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Stereotypes, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Blame for plagues and disasters, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Association with child abuse and pedophilia

Read more here: » Societal attitudes towards homosexuality: Encyclopedia II - Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality

73% of the general public in America in 2001 knew someone who is gay, lesbian, or bisexual according to a study by the Kaiser Family Foundation. This is up from 24% in 1983, 43% in 1993, 55% in 1998, and 62% in 2000. The percentage of the general public who say there is more acceptance of LGB people in 2001 than before was 64%. Acceptance was measured on many different levels - 87% of the general public would shop at a store owned by someone who is gay or lesbian all the way down to 46% of the general public would attend a church or synagogu ...

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Societal attitudes towards homosexuality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Culture, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Law, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Religion and morality, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Repression, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Rhetoric, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - History in the West, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - McCarthyism, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - LGBT civil rights movement, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Psychology and modification of sexual orientation, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Stereotypes, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Blame for plagues and disasters, Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Association with child abuse and pedophilia

Read more here: » Societal attitudes towards homosexuality: Encyclopedia II - Societal attitudes towards homosexuality - Statistics