Republic - Heads of state. If the head of state of a republic is at the same time the head of government, this is called a presidential system (example: United States). In Semi-presidential systems the head of state is not the same person as the head of government, in that case he is usually termed prime minister or premier. Depending on whether the president has any specific tasks (for example, advisory role in the formation of a government after an election) this can leave the president with little more ...

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Republic, Republic - Characteristics of republics, Republic - Heads of state, Republic - Role of religion, Republic - Concepts of democracy, Republic - Influence of republicanism, Republic - Economical factors, Republic - Aggregations of states, Republic - Examples of republics, Republic - References and notes

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Republic, Republic - Characteristics of republics, Republic - Heads of state, Republic - Role of religion, Republic - Concepts of democracy, Republic - Influence of republicanism, Republic - Economical factors, Republic - Aggregations of states, Republic - Examples of republics, Republic - References and notes

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85% of the inhabitants were Slovaks, the remaining 15% were made up of Germans, Hungarians, Jews and Roma. 50% of the populations were employed in agriculture. The state was divided in 6 counties ("župy"), 61 districts ("okresy") and 2659 municipalities. The capital Bratislava had over 120,000 inhabitants. The state continued the legal system of Czechoslovakia, which was modified only gradually. According to the Constitution of 1939, the "President" (Jozef Tiso) was the head of the state, the "Assembly/Diet of the Slovak Republic" el ...

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WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

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In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. Several definitions, including that of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, stress the importance of autonomy and the 'rule of law' as part of the requirements for a Republic.[1] Nonetheless, in practice most nations that do not have a hereditary monarch ...

Including:

Republic - Characteristics of republics
Republic - Heads of state Republic - Role of religion Republic - Concepts of democracy Republic - Influence of republicanism Republic - Economical factors Republic - Aggregations of states
Republic - Examples of republics Republic - References and notes

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The Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika) was an independent national Slovak state and ally of Nazi Germany during World War II on the territory of present-day Slovakia with the exception of the southern and eastern parts of present-day Slovakia. It bordered with Germany, Poland and Hungary. While widely internationally recognized at the time, its legal existence has been retroactively nullified by WWII victorous parties as a result of the null ...

Including:

WWII Slovak Republic - Creation WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary WWII Slovak Republic - International relations WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party WWII Slovak Republic - The End

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Republic of Ireland This article is part of the series: Politics of the Republic of Ireland Oireachtas Dáil Éireann Ceann Comhairle: Rory O'Hanlon Seanad Éireann Cathaoirleach: Rory Kiely President: Mary McAleese Council of State Presidential Commission Government Taoiseach: Bertie Ahern Tánaiste: Mary Harne ...

Including:

Constitution of Ireland - Historical origins
Constitution of Ireland - Background Constitution of Ireland - Drafting process Constitution of Ireland - Enactment Constitution of Ireland - Legal continuity
Constitution of Ireland - Main provisions
Constitution of Ireland - Structure Constitution of Ireland - Preamble full text Constitution of Ireland - Characteristics of the nation and state Constitution of Ireland - National language Constitution of Ireland - Organs of government Constitution of Ireland - National emergency Constitution of Ireland - International relations Constitution of Ireland - Individual rights Constitution of Ireland - Directive Principles of Social Policy
Constitution of Ireland - Transitory Provisions Constitution of Ireland - Amendments Constitution of Ireland - Judicial review Constitution of Ireland - Issues of controversy
Constitution of Ireland - The national territory Constitution of Ireland - Religion Constitution of Ireland - Alleged sexism Constitution of Ireland - A republic?
Constitution of Ireland - Footnote Constitution of Ireland - Obtaining copies

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Eamon de Valera[1] (born Edward George de Valera, sometimes Gaelicised Éamon de Bhailéara; October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th Century, and the Republican ...

Including:

Eamon de Valera - Childhood Eamon de Valera - Early political activity Eamon de Valera - Easter Rising Eamon de Valera - President of Dáil Éireann Eamon de Valera - President of the Republic Eamon de Valera - The Treaty Eamon de Valera - Civil War Eamon de Valera - Entry into the Free State Dáil: the 'empty formula' Eamon de Valera - President of the Executive Council Eamon de Valera - De Valera's new Constitution - Bunreacht na hÉireann Eamon de Valera - Neutrality in World War II
Eamon de Valera - Characteristics Eamon de Valera - Analysis
Eamon de Valera - De Valera and Churchill clash on radio Eamon de Valera - Post-War Period Eamon de Valera - President of Ireland Eamon de Valera - Overview
Eamon de Valera - Notes
Eamon de Valera - First Cabinet March 1932-February 1933 Eamon de Valera - Second Cabinet February 1933-July 1937
Eamon de Valera - Changes
Eamon de Valera - Third Cabinet July 1937-June 1938
Eamon de Valera - Changes
Eamon de Valera - Fourth Cabinet June 1938-July 1943
Eamon de Valera - Changes
Eamon de Valera - Fifth Cabinet July 1943-June 1944 Eamon de Valera - Sixth Cabinet June 1944-February 1948
Eamon de Valera - Changes
Eamon de Valera - Seventh Cabinet June 1951-June 1954 Eamon de Valera - Eighth Cabinet March 1957-June 1959
Eamon de Valera - Changes
Eamon de Valera - See Also

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The Congo Peafowl Afropavo congensis is the only member of the genus Afropavo. Very little is known about this species, seeing as it was first recorded as a species in 1936. It has both characteristics of the peafowl and the guineafowl, which may indicate that the Congo Peafowl is a link between the two families. The Congo Peafowl lives in the Congo River Basin in central Democratic Republic of the Congo. Males are mostly a deep blue with a metallic green and vio ...

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Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo, German: Tschechoslowakei) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period). On January 1, 1993, it peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in what was known as the Velvet Divorce, by analogy with the Velvet Revolution. (Czech: Truth prevails) Czechoslovakia - Basic characteristicsIncluding:

Czechoslovakia - Basic characteristics Czechoslovakia - Official names Czechoslovakia - Coat of arms Czechoslovakia - History
Czechoslovakia - From creation to dissolution – Overview
Czechoslovakia - Heads of State and Government Czechoslovakia - International agreements and membership Czechoslovakia - Administrative divisions Czechoslovakia - Population and ethnic groups Czechoslovakia - Religion Czechoslovakia - Health social welfare and housing Czechoslovakia - Politics Czechoslovakia - Government Czechoslovakia - Constitutional development Czechoslovakia - Society and social groups Czechoslovakia - Education Czechoslovakia - Resource base Czechoslovakia - Economy foreign trade and financial system Czechoslovakia - Transportation and communications Czechoslovakia - Mass media Czechoslovakia - Sports Czechoslovakia - Culture Czechoslovakia - Postage Stamps

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Chinese economic reform (Chinese: 改革开放; pinyin: Găigé kāifàng) refers to the program of economic changes called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC) that were started in 1978 by pragmatists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping and are ongoing as of the early 21st century. The goal of Chinese economic reform was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy. Neither the socialist command ...

Including:

Chinese economic reform - History of Chinese Economic Reform Chinese economic reform - Comparison to Perestroika

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A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall. Tropical rainforests arise due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, but temperate rainforests also exist. As well as prodigious rainfall, many rainforests are characterized by a high number of resident species and tremendous biodiversity. The largest tropical rainforests exist in the Amazon basin (the Amazon Rainforest), in Nicaragua (Los Guatuzos, Bosawás and Indio-Maiz), in much of equatorial Africa from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo, in much of sou ...

Including:

Rainforest - Characteristics Rainforest - Trees Rainforest - The canopy Rainforest - The rainforest as a source of drugs Rainforest - Degradation of the rainforests Rainforest - Bibliography

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The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). It is the world's largest inland body of water. It has a surface area of 371,000 km² (143,000 sq. mi.), and a maximum depth of about 980m (3200 ft). Thus it has characteristics common to both seas and lakes. It is often listed as the world's largest lake, though it is not a freshwater one. Caspian Sea - Geography. The Caspian Sea is bordered by Russia (Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran ...

Including:

Caspian Sea - Geography
Caspian Sea - Cities near the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea - History Caspian Sea - Fauna Caspian Sea - Oil Caspian Sea - International Disputes Caspian Sea - Characteristics and ecology Caspian Sea - Transportation Caspian Sea - Freezing

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In 1949 the USAF issued a request for an advanced supersonic interceptor, known as the "1954 Interceptor" project, or Weapon System WS-201A. It was to be a supersonic aircraft with all-weather capability, radar, and air-to-air missile armament. Republic was one of six companies to submit proposals. The Republic proposal, AP-57, was selected for further development on 2 July 1951, along with the Convair design ...

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Republic XF-103, Republic XF-103 - Development, Republic XF-103 - Specifications XF-103 as designed, Republic XF-103 - General Characteristics, Republic XF-103 - Performance, Republic XF-103 - Armament, Republic XF-103 - Related content

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Republic XF-103 - General Characteristics. Crew: one pilot Length: 77 ft (23.5 m) Wingspan: 34 ft 5 in (10.5 m) Height: 16 ft 7 in (5.1 m) Wing area: 401 ft² (37.2 m²) Empty: 24,949 lb (11,317 kg) Loaded: 38,505 lb (17,466 kg) Maximum takeoff: 42,864 lb (19,443 kg) Powerplant: Wright XJ67-W-3 turbojet with 15,000 lbf (66.7 kN) thrust, augmented b ...

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Republic XF-103, Republic XF-103 - Development, Republic XF-103 - Specifications XF-103 as designed, Republic XF-103 - General Characteristics, Republic XF-103 - Performance, Republic XF-103 - Armament, Republic XF-103 - Related content

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Soon after independence, the Slovak Republic began a series of measures aimed against the 90,000 Jews in the country. The Hlinka Guard began to attack Jews, and the "Jewish Code" was passed in September 1941. Resembling the Nuremberg Laws, the Code required that Jews wear a yellow armband, and were banned from intermarriage and many jobs. By October 1941, 15,000 Jews were expelled from Bratislava; many were sent to labor camps. The Slovak Republic was one of the countries to agree to deport its Jews as part of the Nazi Final Solution. ...

See also:

WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

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From the beginning, the Slovak Republic was strongly dependent on Nazi Germany. The so-called "Protection treaty" (Treaty on the protective relationship between the German Empire and the Slovak State) subordinated its foreign, military and economic policy to Germany (formally at least) signed on March 23 1939. This contract logically resulted in Slovakia joining the Axis Powers and fighting against Poland, the Soviet Union and even declaring war on Great Britain and the United States of America. However, except for a strip of land at the ...

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WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

Read more here: » WWII Slovak Republic: Encyclopedia II - WWII Slovak Republic - International relations

After the anti-Nazi Slovak National Uprising in August 1944, the upset Germans occupied the country (from September 1944), which thereby lost much of its independence. The German troops were gradually pushed out by the Red Army, by Romanian and by Czechoslovak troops coming from the east. The liberated territories became de-facto part of Czechoslovakia again. The First Slovak Republic definitely ceased to exist de-facto on 4 April 1945 when the Red Army captured Bratislava and occupied all of Slovakia. De-iure it ceased to exist when ...

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WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

Read more here: » WWII Slovak Republic: Encyclopedia II - WWII Slovak Republic - The End

After the Munich Agreement, Slovakia gained autonomy inside Czecho-Slovakia (as the former Czechoslovakia has been renamed) and lost its southern territories to Hungary under the Vienna Award. As Hitler was preparing an invasion to the Czech lands and creation of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, he had various plans with Slovakia (German officials were initially misinformed by Hungarians that the Slovaks wanted to join Hungary). Finally it was decided to make it a separate state under strong influence of Germany and a potential strategic bas ...

See also:

WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

Read more here: » WWII Slovak Republic: Encyclopedia II - WWII Slovak Republic - Creation

Since 1939, a conflict between two wings arose within the party. The conservative and moderate wing led by the Catholic priest Jozef Tiso, the president of Slovakia and chairman of the party, wanted to create a specific totalitarian and religious state of Estates. This wing controlled the leading posts of the country, party and the clerics. The other wing were more radical persons, who were inspired by the German model, were strong Anti-Semites, wanted to remove all Czechs and to create a radically fascist state (Slovak National Socialism). ...

See also:

WWII Slovak Republic, WWII Slovak Republic - Creation, WWII Slovak Republic - War with Hungary, WWII Slovak Republic - International relations, WWII Slovak Republic - Characteristics, WWII Slovak Republic - The Slovak Republic and the Holocaust, WWII Slovak Republic - Two wings of the ruling party, WWII Slovak Republic - The End

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History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - A new page in Diplomacy. Relations with the West improved markedly. In 1968, the government of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau initiated negotiations with the People's Republic of China that led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Canada on October 13, 1970. Canada and China established resident diplomatic missions in 1971, and it led to a series of diplomatic successes in the west. In February 1972, US President Richard Nix ...

See also:

History of the People's Republic of China 2/4, History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - The rise of Deng Xiaoping, History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - Reform and opening up, History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - A new page in Diplomacy, History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, History of the People's Republic of China 2/4 - Tiananmen Square disturbances

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