There have been several plans for a subway network to be set up but they were given up for both geological and financial reasons. A tramway system was started in the fall of 2000 and put into service in december 2003, connecting Bordeaux with the surrounding communities. It uses the APS technology, a brand new and exclusive cableless technology developed by French company Alstom and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment the tramway is surrounded by (although very controversial for its considerable cost of installation and maintenanc ...

See also:

Bordeaux, Bordeaux - Geography, Bordeaux - Demographics, Bordeaux - History, Bordeaux - Wine, Bordeaux - University City, Bordeaux - An Architectural Jewel, Bordeaux - Transportation, Bordeaux - Miscellaneous, Bordeaux - Births, Bordeaux - Sports

Read more here: » Bordeaux: Encyclopedia II - Bordeaux - Transportation

A precociously brilliant student, Jarry enthralled his classmates with a gift for pranks and troublemaking. At the lycée in Rennes when he was 15, he led of a group of boys who devoted much time and energy to poking fun at their well-meaning, obese and incompetent physics teacher, a man named Hébert. Jarry and classmate Charles Morin wrote a play they called Les Polonais and performed it with marionettes in the home of one of their friends. The main character, Père Heb, was a blunderer with a huge belly; three teeth ( ...

See also:

Alfred Jarry, Alfred Jarry - Biography and works, Alfred Jarry - Selected Jarry works, Alfred Jarry - Plays, Alfred Jarry - Novels, Alfred Jarry - Other notable works, Alfred Jarry - Bibliography

Read more here: » Alfred Jarry: Encyclopedia II - Alfred Jarry - Biography and works

Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occurred during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate. Some French media sources, including France 3, have decided not to report the extent of damage so as to avoid any risk of inflaming the situation. [37] After the first few days of rioting media organisations agreed to publish only the total number of torched cars, without giving locations, to avoid encouraging any type of contest between rioters. The French Federation of Insurance Companies (FFSA), has given ...

See also:

2005 civil unrest in France, 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline, 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots, 2005 civil unrest in France - Context, 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting, 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics, 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables, 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected, 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries, 2005 civil unrest in France - Response, 2005 civil unrest in France - Political, 2005 civil unrest in France - Police, 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage, 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath, 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

Read more here: » 2005 civil unrest in France: Encyclopedia II - 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting

U.S. 8th Infantry Division - Combat Chronicle. After training in Ireland the 8th Infantry Division landed on Utah Beach, Normandy, 4 July 1944, and entered combat on the 7th. Fighting through the hedgerows, it crossed the Ay River, 26 July, pushed through Rennes, 8 August, and attacked Brest in September. The Crozon Peninsula was cleared, 19 September, and the Division drove across France to Luxembourg, moved to the Hurtgen Forest, 20 November, cleared Hurtgen on the 28th and Brandenburg, 3 December, and pushed o ...

See also:

U.S. 8th Infantry Division, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - World War I, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - World War II, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - Combat Chronicle, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - Assignments in the European Theater of Operations, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - After World War II, U.S. 8th Infantry Division - General

Read more here: » U.S. 8th Infantry Division: Encyclopedia II - U.S. 8th Infantry Division - World War II

1851 - Undated. Dictator Rosas overthrown in Brazil. New government recognizes independent Paraguay. New Blanco government in Uruguay Florida State University is founded. Gold discovered in Australia. St. Paul's College, Hong Kong is founded. Macy's department store founded by R.H. Macy. ...

See also:

1851, 1851 - Events, 1851 - Undated, 1851 - Births, 1851 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1851: Encyclopedia II - 1851 - Events

Flybe operates the following services (at June 2005): Domestic scheduled destinations: Aberdeen, Belfast City, Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Exeter, Glasgow, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Leeds/Bradford, Liverpool, London Gatwick, London Luton, Manchester, Newcastle, Norwich, Southampton and Southend-on-Sea International scheduled destinations: Alicante, Almería, Angers, Avignon, Bergerac, Berne, Bordeaux, Brest, Chambery, Dublin, Faro, Geneva, La Rochelle, Limoges, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca, Paris, Perpignan, Rennes, ...

See also:

Flybe, Flybe - Code Data, Flybe - History, Flybe - 2005 News, Flybe - Destinations, Flybe - Fleet

Read more here: » Flybe: Encyclopedia II - Flybe - Destinations

Human habitation in the area now called Brittany goes back to the late Paleolithic, or Epi-Palaeolithic, period. Megaliths erected in the 5th millennium BC are the best known Neolithic remains. Roman sources record the Armoricani tribes of the Veneti, Osismii, Namneti, Coriosoliti and Riedoni as inhabiting the area in the iron age. In 56 BC the area was conquered by the Romans under Julius Caesar. The Romans called the district Armorica (a Latinisation of a Celtic word meaning "coastal region"), within the larger province of See also:

Brittany, Brittany - History, Brittany - Sights, Brittany - Language, Brittany - Culture, Brittany - Religion, Brittany - Gastronomy, Brittany - Climate, Brittany - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Brittany: Encyclopedia II - Brittany - History

Serie A Winners 1990/1991 Coppa Italia Winners 1984/1985 1987/1988 1988/1989 1993/1994 Cup Winners Cup Winners 1989/1990 ...

See also:

U.C. Sampdoria, U.C. Sampdoria - Honours, U.C. Sampdoria - Current first team squad, U.C. Sampdoria - Famous former players, U.C. Sampdoria - External link

Read more here: » U.C. Sampdoria: Encyclopedia II - U.C. Sampdoria - Honours

Stade Rennais FC - French Cup. Winner: 1965, 1971 Finalists : 1922, 1935 Semi-finalists : 1919, 1959, 1967, 1970, 1986, 2003 Quarter-finalists : 1918, 1923, 1924, 1929, 1934, 1952, 1989, 2000, 2004 Stade Rennais FC - Coupe Gambardella. Winner: 1973, 2003 Stade Rennais FC - Presence in Europe. Competitions: 3 competitions (Cup Winners' Cup twice and UEFA Cup ...

See also:

Stade Rennais FC, Stade Rennais FC - Honours, Stade Rennais FC - French Cup, Stade Rennais FC - Coupe Gambardella, Stade Rennais FC - Presence in Europe, Stade Rennais FC - Other, Stade Rennais FC - Current squad, Stade Rennais FC - Famous players past and present, Stade Rennais FC - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Stade Rennais FC: Encyclopedia II - Stade Rennais FC - Honours

Tromsø I.L. - 1920-1939: The pre-war years. The club was founded on September 15, 1920, and given the name Tromsø Turnforenings Fotballag (Tromsø Gymnastics Association's Football Team), or Turn for short. The first match after the formal foundation was against cross-town rivals I.F. Skarp, a match which ended in a draw, 0-0. It would not take long before success came to Turn, though, and in 1927, the c ...

See also:

Tromsø I.L., Tromsø I.L. - History, Tromsø I.L. - 1920-1939: The pre-war years, Tromsø I.L. - 1945-1969: Two Northern-Norwegian cup championships, Tromsø I.L. - 1970-1985: Build-up for the top division, Tromsø I.L. - 1986-2001: 16 years in the top division, Tromsø I.L. - 2002-Present: 2nd time in the top division, Tromsø I.L. - European merits, Tromsø I.L. - 1987, Tromsø I.L. - 1991, Tromsø I.L. - 1995, Tromsø I.L. - 1997, Tromsø I.L. - 2005, Tromsø I.L. - Royal League, Tromsø I.L. - European Stats, Tromsø I.L. - Playing squad, Tromsø I.L. - Recent transfers, Tromsø I.L. - All-time player stats, Tromsø I.L. - Famous former players, Tromsø I.L. - Honours, Tromsø I.L. - Statistics, Tromsø I.L. - Top division positions since 1986, Tromsø I.L. - Managers 1986-Present, Tromsø I.L. - External link

Read more here: » Tromsø I.L.: Encyclopedia II - Tromsø I.L. - History

AEK Athens FC - Goalkeepers. 1. Stefano Sorrentino 12. Yiannis Arabatzis 22. Dionisis Chiotis 3. Nikola Malbasa 5. Bruno Cirillo 55. Traianos Dellas 6. Georgios Alexopoulos 14. Stavros Tziortziopoulos 15. Sokratis Papastathopoulos 18. Vaggelis Moras 19. Dimitrios Koutroumanos 24. Chris ...

See also:

AEK Athens FC, AEK Athens FC - Current roster, AEK Athens FC - Goalkeepers, AEK Athens FC - Historic players, AEK Athens FC - National titles, AEK Athens FC - Championships 11, AEK Athens FC - Cups 13, AEK Athens FC - Super cups 2, AEK Athens FC - League Cup 1, AEK Athens FC - Internal link, AEK Athens FC - External link

Read more here: » AEK Athens FC: Encyclopedia II - AEK Athens FC - Current roster

Caen is built in an area of high humidity. The Orne flows through Caen, as well as different small rivers known as les Odons, most of them having been buried under the city to improve urban hygiene. Caen sits 10 km away from the Channel. A canal was built under Napoleon III and runs parallel to the river Orne to link Caen to the sea at all times, notwithstanding tides. ...

See also:

Caen, Caen - History, Caen - Geography, Caen - Monuments, Caen - Castle, Caen - Abbeys, Caen - Others, Caen - Administration, Caen - Transport, Caen - Miscellaneous, Caen - Education, Caen - Births, Caen - Twinnings

Read more here: » Caen: Encyclopedia II - Caen - Geography

Within France the hierarchy consists of: Metropolitan archbishop Suffragan Besançon Belfort-Montbéliard Nancy Saint-Claude Saint-Dié Verdun Bordeaux Agen Aire sur Adour Bayonne Périgueux Cambrai Arras (Boulogne, Saint-Omer) Lille Clermont-Ferrand Le Puy-en-Ve ...

See also:

Catholic Church in France, Catholic Church in France - History legal status and politics, Catholic Church in France - Divisions, Catholic Church in France - Notes

Read more here: » Catholic Church in France: Encyclopedia II - Catholic Church in France - Divisions

French division 1 winners 1936/1937, 1947/1948, 1970/1971, 1971/1972, 1988/1989, 1989/1990, 1990/1991, 1991/1992 and 1992/1993 French division 2 winners 1994/1995 French division 3 winners 1928/1929 French Cup winners 1923/1924, 1925/1926, 1926/1927, 1934/1935, 1937/1938, 1942/1943, 1968/1969, 1971/1972, 1975/1976 and 1988/1989 Champions League winners 1992/1993

Olympique de Marseille, Olympique de Marseille - Honours, Olympique de Marseille - Current Lineup, Olympique de Marseille - Former Greats, Olympique de Marseille - External link

Read more here: » Olympique de Marseille: Encyclopedia II - Olympique de Marseille - Honours

His brother Napoleon made him king of Holland on June 5, 1806. Intended by his older brother as little more than a French governor, Louis took his duties as King seriously, calling himself King Lodewijk I (adopting the Dutch form of his name), attempting to learn the Dutch language and trying hard to be a responsible, independent ruler of Holland. During his reign, Holland was struck by two major tragedies: the explosion of a ship filled with gunpowder in the heart of the city of Leiden in 1807, and a major flooding in 1809. In both tragedies, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which he ...

See also:

Louis Bonaparte, Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland, Louis Bonaparte - Marriage and children

Read more here: » Louis Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland

His reputation as an orator of great force and lucidity of exposition and as a safe and honest statesman procured for him in 1896 the presidency of the Senate, and in February 1899 he was chosen president of the republic in succession to Félix Faure by 483 votes as against 279 recorded by Jules Méline, his only serious competitor. He was marked out for fierce opposition and bitter insult, as the representative of that section of the Republican party which sought the revision of the Dreyfus affair. On the day of President Faure's fun ...

See also:

Émile Loubet, Émile Loubet - Early Life, Émile Loubet - Political career, Émile Loubet - President of the Republic of France 1899-1906, Émile Loubet - Loubet’s Ministry 27 February – 6 December 1892

Read more here: » Émile Loubet: Encyclopedia II - Émile Loubet - President of the Republic of France 1899-1906

As of January 25, 2006 Lille OSC - Players out on loan. ...

See also:

Lille OSC, Lille OSC - Achievements, Lille OSC - 2005/06 player roster, Lille OSC - Players out on loan, Lille OSC - Famous players, Lille OSC - External link

Read more here: » Lille OSC: Encyclopedia II - Lille OSC - 2005/06 player roster

Cork's city charter was granted by King John in 1185. However, Cork has its beginnings in a much earlier monastic settlement, founded by St Finbar. Over the centuries, much of the city was rebuilt, time and again, after numerous fires and attacks by Vikings or Norsemen. The city was at one time fully walled, and several sections and gates remain. The title of Mayor of Cork was established by royal charter in 1318, and the title was changed to Lord Mayor in 1900. In 1825, over 1800 Irish residents departed from Cork to emigrate to Pete ...

See also:

Cork, Cork - History, Cork - Railway heritage, Cork - Tramway Heritage, Cork - Places of interest, Cork - Culture, Cork - Media, Cork - Broadcast, Cork - Print, Cork - Retail, Cork - Industry, Cork - Twinned Cities, Cork - Transportation, Cork - Air, Cork - Bus, Cork - Ferry, Cork - Rail, Cork - Education

Read more here: » Cork: Encyclopedia II - Cork - History

Rubber-tyred metro technology was first applied to the Paris Metro, developed by Michelin, who provided the tyres and guidance system, in collaboration with Renault, who provided the vehicles. Starting in 1951, an experimental vehicle operated on a test track between Porte des Lilas and Pré Saint Gervais, a section of line not open to the public. Line 11 Châtelet-Mairie des Lilas was the first line to be converted, in 1956, chosen because of its steep grades. This was followed by Line 1 Château de Vincennes-La Défense in 1964, and Line 4 ...

See also:

Rubber-tired metro, Rubber-tired metro - History, Rubber-tired metro - Cities with at least partly rubber-tyred metro systems:, Rubber-tired metro - References

Read more here: » Rubber-tired metro: Encyclopedia II - Rubber-tired metro - History

SNCF operates almost all of France's railway system, including the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, literally "high-speed train") and some segments of the RER. In the past, SNCF owned not only the trains, but also the tracks, but this has changed due to new European Union regulations. Starting from 1997, the tracks belong to a separate government establishment, the Réseau Ferré de France. ...

See also:

SNCF, SNCF - Scope of business, SNCF - History, SNCF - Codeshare with airlines, SNCF - Environment

Read more here: » SNCF: Encyclopedia II - SNCF - Scope of business

SNCF operates almost all of France's railway system, including the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, literally "high-speed train") and some segments of the RER. In the past, SNCF owned not only the trains, but also the tracks, but this has changed due to new European Union regulations. Starting from 1997, the tracks belong to a separate government establishment, the Réseau Ferré de France; the change was intended to open the market to independent train operating ...

See also:

SNCF, SNCF - Scope of business, SNCF - History, SNCF - Codeshare with airlines, SNCF - Environment

Read more here: » SNCF: Encyclopedia II - SNCF - Scope of business

The région of Bretagne is made up of 80% of the former duchy and province of Brittany. The remaining 20% of Brittany is the Loire-Atlantique département which lies inside the Pays-de-la-Loire région, with its capital Nantes, which was the historical capital of the duchy of Brittany. Part of the reason why Brittany was split between two modern day régions was to avoid the rivalry between Rennes and Nantes. Although Nantes had been the main capital of the duchy of Brittany until the 16th century, Rennes h ...

See also:

Bretagne, Bretagne - Territory, Bretagne - Transportation

Read more here: » Bretagne: Encyclopedia II - Bretagne - Territory