Life in the People's Republic of China A wide variety of religions have been practiced in China since the beginning of its history. Temples of many different religions dot the landscape of China, including Taoism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religion. The study of religion in China is complicated by several issues. Because many Chinese belief systems have concepts of a sacred and sometimes spiritual world yet do not invoke a concept of God, classifying a Chinese belief system as either a religion or a philosophy can ...

Including:

• Religion in China - Buddhism
• Religion in China - Taoism
• Religion in China - Islam
• Religion in China - Christianity
• Religion in China - Judaism
• Religion in China - Recent sects
• Religion in China - Falun Gong
• Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven
• Religion in China - Mainland China
• Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia - Religion in China

See also:

Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Christianity

Main article: Islam in China Islam was introduced into China via the Silk Road in the 7th century. It is now practised by a estimated 3% to 5% of Chinese, predominantly such minority groups as the Hui, the Uyghurs, and the Kazakhs. These make up majorities in Ningxia and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions. Islam in China, particularly in the western, minority-dominated regions, can be connected with non-Chinese nationalism and even separatist movements. Other estimates of Muslim population are much higher with ...

See also:

Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Islam

Buddhism is a very important religion in China and one of the three major schools of thought along with Confucianism and Taoism. It has affected and been affected by Chinese culture, politics, literature and philosophy for almost two millennia. For a more generalized discussion of Chinese religion, see religion in China. Buddhism in China - History of Buddhism in China. The arrival of Buddhism in China followed the first contacts between China and Central Asia which occurred with the opening of the Silk Ro ...

Including:

• Buddhism in China - History of Buddhism in China
• Buddhism in China - Relation to Confucianism and Daoism
• Buddhism in China - Local interpretation of Indian texts
• Buddhism in China - Buddhism gains political traction in the north
• Buddhism in China - Monks and rulers join forces
• Buddhism in China - Modern Chinese Buddhism
• Buddhism in China - Reference

Read more here: » Buddhism in China

Buddhism is a very important religion in China and one of the three major schools of thought along with Confucianism and Taoism. It has affected and been affected by Chinese culture, politics, literature and philosophy for almost two millennia. For a more generalized discussion of Chinese religion, see religion in China. Buddhism in China - History of Buddhism in China. Buddhism in China - Arrival along the Silk Road. The arrival of Buddhism in China followed the first contacts between ...

Including:

• Buddhism in China - History of Buddhism in China
• Buddhism in China - Arrival along the Silk Road
• Buddhism in China - Relation to Confucianism and Daoism
• Buddhism in China - Local interpretation of Indian texts
• Buddhism in China - Buddhism gains political traction in the north
• Buddhism in China - Monks and rulers join forces
• Buddhism in China - Modern Chinese Buddhism
• Buddhism in China - Reference

Read more here: » Buddhism in China: Encyclopedia - Buddhism in China

Christianity in China has developed since at least the 7th century CE. The introduction of Nestorianism, a Christian sect, around 635 is considered by some to be the first entry of the Christian religion into China. Today, the population of Chinese Christians constitutes at least 3% of the general population, but Christian demographers in the West estimate the Christian population numbers 80 million to 100 million because they claim that there are many "underground houses" of worship.[1] [2] The Christian population in China comprises Protestants ...

Including:

• Christianity in China - History
• Christianity in China - Earliest period
• Christianity in China - Medieval period
• Christianity in China - Post-Reformation
• Christianity in China - Modern Age
• Christianity in China - The Missionary Period
• Christianity in China - First Protestant Missionaries
• Christianity in China - Catholic Missionary Efforts
• Christianity in China - Church education
• Christianity in China - Japanese Occupation
• Christianity in China - Christianity in the contemporary PRC
• Christianity in China - Official Christian Organizations
• Christianity in China - House Churches
• Christianity in China - Contemporary Trends
• Christianity in China - International visitors and Christianity
• Christianity in China - Demographics/Geography
• Christianity in China - Orthodox Christianity in China
• Christianity in China - Names for Christianity and God
• Christianity in China - Names for Christianity
• Christianity in China - Names for God

Read more here: » Christianity in China: Encyclopedia - Christianity in China

The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute within the Catholic Church in the early 18th century about whether Chinese folk religion rites and offerings to the emperor constituted idolatry or not. Pope Clement XI decided in favor of the Dominicans (who argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the emperor were incompatible with Catholicism), which greatly reduced Catholic missionary activity in China. At the time, there was fascination among European intellectuals with Chinese culture, Confucianism, and the Chinese language. Some even pr ...

Including:

• Chinese Rites controversy - Entry into China
• Chinese Rites controversy - The problem
• Chinese Rites controversy - Pope Clement XI's decree
• Chinese Rites controversy - Kangxi's ban

Read more here: » Chinese Rites controversy: Encyclopedia - Chinese Rites controversy

China listen ▶ (help·info) (Traditional: 中國; Simplified: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) refers to a number of states and cultures that have existed and are viewed as having succeeded one another in continental East Asia, dating back nearly 5,000 years. Modern China has been described as both a single civilization and multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, ...

Including:

• China - Terminology
• China - Zhongguo
• China - China
• China - History
• China - Chinese Pre-history
• China - Political history
• China - Territory
• China - Historical overview
• China - Historical political divisions
• China - Geography and climate
• China - Society
• China - Demographics
• China - Culture
• China - Religion
• China - Arts scholarship and literature
• China - Science and technology
• China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia - China

The People's Republic of China officially describes itself as a multi-ethnic unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. In addition to the 56 official nationalities, there are some Chinese who classify themselves as members of unrecognized nationalities. Also, foreign nationals who ...

Including:

• Nationalities of China - Nationalities
• Nationalities of China - Complications
• Nationalities of China - Religions
• Nationalities of China - Notes

Read more here: » Nationalities of China: Encyclopedia - Nationalities of China

Chinese traditional religion is a loosely-connected system of practices and beliefs that has been practiced by large segments of the Han Chinese population of China from the early period of Chinese continuing to the present. With the influx of Western cultural influences for several centuries and the complex developments and modernization of the 20th century, the prevalence of Chinese traditional beliefs has declined, but still remain strong, many or most gradually transforming into elements of culture and social b ...

Including:

• Chinese traditional religion - Western views
• Chinese traditional religion - Demographics

Read more here: » Chinese traditional religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese traditional religion

Afghanistan:    2,000,000 Tajikistan:    1,500,000 Kyrgyzstan:    700,000 Turkmenistan:    450,000 Kazakhstan:    350,000 Russia:    125,000 Pakistan:    80,000 China:    14,800 The Uzbeks (Self designation – O`zbek) are a Turkic people of Central Asia and comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan and are also located in other adjacent countries in ...

Including:

• Uzbeks - Name
• Uzbeks - History
• Uzbeks - Language
• Uzbeks - Religion
• Uzbeks - Genetic Origins
• Uzbeks - Uzbeks in China

Read more here: » Uzbeks: Encyclopedia - Uzbeks

Chinese house churches are unregistered Christian churches in the People's Republic of China, which operate independently of the government-run Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and China Christian Council (CCC) for Protestant groups and the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CCPA) and the Chinese Catholic Bishops Council (CCBC) for Catholics. They are also known as the "Underground" Church or the "Unofficial" Church, although this is somewhat of a misnomer as they are collections of unrelat ...

Read more here: » Chinese house church: Encyclopedia - Chinese house church

Kūkai (空海) or also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi (弘法大師) , 774–835 CE: Japanese monk, scholar, and artist, founder of the Shingon or "True Word" school of Buddhism. Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher (see Shodo), engineer and is said to have invented kana, the syllabary in which, in combination with Chinese characters (Kanji) the Japanese language is written. His religious writing, some 50 works, expound the esoteric Shingon doctrine, of which the major ones have been translated into English by Hakeda (see b ...

Including:

• Kukai - Biography
• Kukai - Early years
• Kukai - The esoteric
• Kukai - Travel and study in China
• Kukai - Emerging from obscurity
• Kukai - Mount Kōya
• Kukai - The Toji Period
• Kukai - Final years
• Kukai - Kukai's significance to Japanese culture
• Kukai - Religion
• Kukai - Folk legends

Read more here: » Kukai: Encyclopedia - Kukai

Taoism (sometimes written as Daoism) is the English name for (a) the Chinese folk religion; (b) a family of organized Chinese religious movements such as the Zhengyi ("Orthodox One") or Quanzhen ("Complete Reality") sects, which collectively trace back to Zhang Daoling in the late Han dynasty; and/or (c) academic philosophies or belles lettres based on the texts Daodejing (a ...

Including:

• Taoism - History
• Taoism - Warring States Period 403-222 BCE
• Taoism - Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220
• Taoism - Three Kingdoms Period 220-265
• Taoism - Six Dynasties 316-589
• Taoism - Tang Dynasty 618-907
• Taoism - Song Dynasty 960-1279
• Taoism - Yuan Dynasty 1279-1367
• Taoism - Nationalist Period 1912-1949
• Taoism - People's Republic of China 1949-present
• Taoism - Adherents
• Taoism - Beliefs
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Deities
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Practices
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Scriptures
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Symbols
• Taoism - Relations With Other Religions and Philosophies

Read more here: » Taoism: Encyclopedia - Taoism

Anti-intellectualism is a term that in one sense describes a hostility towards, or mistrust of, intellectuals and intellectual pursuits. This may be expressed in various ways, such as an attack on the merits of science, education, or literature. Anti-intellectuals often seek to frame themselves as champions of the self-styled 'ordinary people', and as advocates of egalitarianism against elitism, especially what they perceive as academic elitism. These critics argue from a perception that educated people form a social class by v ...

Including:

• Anti-intellectualism - Causes
• Anti-intellectualism - Religion
• Anti-intellectualism - Corporate culture
• Anti-intellectualism - Educational system
• Anti-intellectualism - Populism
• Anti-intellectualism - Anti-intellectualism in the United States
• Anti-intellectualism - 19th Century culture
• Anti-intellectualism - Right-wing currents
• Anti-intellectualism - Left-wing currents
• Anti-intellectualism - Economic factors
• Anti-intellectualism - In American political discourse
• Anti-intellectualism - Anti-intellectualism in the former Soviet Union
• Anti-intellectualism - Anti-intellectualism in Asia - Maoist China and Cambodia
• Anti-intellectualism - Anti-intellectualism in the classical world
• Anti-intellectualism - A loaded term?

Read more here: » Anti-intellectualism: Encyclopedia - Anti-intellectualism

(See also: Religion in China) During the Cultural Revolution, religion of all types was persecuted and discouraged by the Communists with many religious buildings looted and destroyed. This attitude was relaxed in the early 1970's, the 1978 Constitution guarantees Freedom of Religion with a number of restrictions. In practice, religious groups seen as a threat to the government, most famously Falun Gong, are harshly suppressed, while those that are not are left alone. Membership in the Communist Party is seen as incompatible wi ...

See also:

Human rights in the People's Republic of China, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - The situation in mainland China, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Legal System, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Repression of Dissent, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Repression of Ethnic Minorities, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of Movement, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of Speech, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - One-Child Policy, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of religion, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Other Human Rights Issues, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Economic and Social Improvement, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Perspective of the PRC government, Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Views of the United States government

Read more here: » Human rights in the People's Republic of China: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in the People's Republic of China - Freedom of religion

China - Zhongguo. China is called Zhongguo in Mandarin Chinese (Simplified: 中国, Traditional: 中國; also romanized as Jhongguo or Chung-kuo), which is usually translated as "Middle Kingdom", but could also be translated as "Central State" or "Central Country". Zhong (中) means "middle" or "center" while guo (国 or 國) means "country," "kingdom," "state," or "land", referring to the claim that Chin ...

See also:

China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia II - China - Terminology

Chinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well as influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion. Early forms of art in China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period, to which was added bronze in the Shang Dynasty. The Shang are most remembered for their bronze casting, noted for its clarity of detail. Early Chinese music and poetry was influenced by the Book of Songs, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. Early Chinese m ...

See also:

Culture of China, Culture of China - Arts, Culture of China - Architecture, Culture of China - Cinema, Culture of China - Dance, Culture of China - Music, Culture of China - Opera, Culture of China - Visual arts and design, Culture of China - Pottery, Culture of China - Handicraft, Culture of China - Language and literature, Culture of China - Language, Culture of China - Literature, Culture of China - Clothing, Culture of China - Contemporary Culture of China, Culture of China - Cuisine, Culture of China - Society, Culture of China - Education, Culture of China - Ethnic groups and regionalisms, Culture of China - Social relations, Culture of China - Games, Culture of China - Government, Culture of China - History, Culture of China - Hobbies, Culture of China - Marriage, Culture of China - Martial Arts, Culture of China - Mass media, Culture of China - Religion, Culture of China - Science and technology, Culture of China - Tourism, Culture of China - Other to be inserted above, Culture of China - Communist culture, Culture of China - Important cities

Read more here: » Culture of China: Encyclopedia II - Culture of China - Arts

During the Tang Dynasty, China was highly tolerant of new religions and Chinese contact with foreign envoys flourished. Islam was introduced to China via the silk road by Arabs. Although some believe that Islam may have arrived in China during the Sui Dynasty, the first official record of Islam's arrival in China occurred during the Tang Dynasty. Islam in China - Tang Dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third Caliph of Ummah, sent the first official Muslim envoy to China in 650. The envoy, headed by Sa'ad ibn W ...

See also:

Islam in China, Islam in China - History, Islam in China - Tang Dynasty, Islam in China - Song Dynasty, Islam in China - Yuan Dynasty, Islam in China - Ming Dynasty, Islam in China - Qing Dynasty, Islam in China - Chinese Muslims and the Hajj, Islam in China - Famous or Historical Mosques in China, Islam in China - Chinese terminology for Islamic institutions, Islam in China - Islamic literature

Read more here: » Islam in China: Encyclopedia II - Islam in China - History

Before unification by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, "China" did not exist as a coherent entity. The Chinese civilization consisted of a patchwork of several states, each ruled by a king (王), duke (公), marquess (侯), or earl (伯). Although there was a central king who held nominal power, and powerful hegemons sometimes held considerable influence, each state was ruled as an independent political entity. This is also the time of the beginnings of Confuci ...

See also:

China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia II - China - Political history