In 1942, Reinhard Heydrich, was the Reichsprotektor (nazi representative in the Czech puppet-state) of Bohemia and Moravia which had been occupied by Germany in 1939. On the morning of May 27, 1942, he was being driven from his country villa to his office in Prague. When he reached the Holešovice area of Prague, his car was attacked by two Czech resistance fighters, Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš. These men, who had been trained in Britain, had parachuted into Czechoslovakia in December, 1941, as part of Operation Anthropoid. On June ...

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Lidice, Lidice - History, Lidice - Lidice Massacre, Lidice - Lidice today

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List of assassinated people - Algeria. Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha François Darlan, (1942), French Admiral, by a French monarchist, Ferdinand Bonnier de La Chapelle Maurice Audin, (1957), communist mathematician Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), foreign minister of Algeria, in Algiers by an unknown gunman Mustafa Bouyali, (1987), Islamic fundamentalist, in Algiers Mohamed Boudiaf, (1992), president of Algeria Youcef Sebti, (1993), Alger ...

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List of assassinated people, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Africa, List of assassinated people - Algeria, List of assassinated people - Burkina Faso, List of assassinated people - Burundi, List of assassinated people - Chad, List of assassinated people - Comoros, List of assassinated people - Congo Brazzaville, List of assassinated people - Congo Kinshasa, List of assassinated people - Côte d'Ivoire, List of assassinated people - Egypt, List of assassinated people - Equatorial Guinea, List of assassinated people - Ethiopia, List of assassinated people - The Gambia, List of assassinated people - Guinea, List of assassinated people - Kenya, List of assassinated people - Liberia, List of assassinated people - Madagascar, List of assassinated people - Mozambique, List of assassinated people - Niger, List of assassinated people - Nigeria, List of assassinated people - Rwanda, List of assassinated people - Somalia, List of assassinated people - South Africa, List of assassinated people - Sudan, List of assassinated people - Tanzania, List of assassinated people - Togo, List of assassinated people - Tunisia, List of assassinated people - Uganda, List of assassinated people - Zimbabwe, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the Americas, List of assassinated people - Argentina, List of assassinated people - Bermuda, List of assassinated people - Bolivia, List of assassinated people - Brazil, List of assassinated people - Canada, List of assassinated people - Chile, List of assassinated people - Colombia, List of assassinated people - Cuba, List of assassinated people - Dominican Republic, List of assassinated people - Ecuador, List of assassinated people - El Salvador, List of assassinated people - Guatemala, List of assassinated people - Guyana, List of assassinated people - Haiti, List of assassinated people - Mexico, List of assassinated people - Nicaragua, List of assassinated people - Panama, List of assassinated people - Paraguay, List of assassinated people - Peru, List of assassinated people - United States, List of assassinated people - Uruguay, List of assassinated people - Venezuela, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Asia, List of assassinated people - Afghanistan, List of assassinated people - Bangladesh, List of assassinated people - Bhutan, List of assassinated people - Cambodia, List of assassinated people - China, List of assassinated people - India, List of assassinated people - Iran, List of assassinated people - Iraq, List of assassinated people - Israel and Palestinian Authority Territories, List of assassinated people - Japan, List of assassinated people - Jordan, List of assassinated people - Korea, List of assassinated people - Lebanon, List of assassinated people - Myanmar, List of assassinated people - Nepal, List of assassinated people - Pakistan, List of assassinated people - Philippines, List of assassinated people - Qatar, List of assassinated people - Saudi Arabia, List of assassinated people - Sri Lanka, List of assassinated people - Syria, List of assassinated people - Turkey, List of assassinated people - Vietnam, List of assassinated people - Yemen, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Australia and Oceania, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Europe, List of assassinated people - Austria, List of assassinated people - Belgium, List of assassinated people - Bulgaria, List of assassinated people - Cyprus, List of assassinated people - Czech Republic, List of assassinated people - Finland, List of assassinated people - France, List of assassinated people - Germany, List of assassinated people - Greece, List of assassinated people - Hungary, List of assassinated people - Ireland, List of assassinated people - Italy, List of assassinated people - Malta, List of assassinated people - The Netherlands, List of assassinated people - Poland, List of assassinated people - Portugal, List of assassinated people - Romania, List of assassinated people - Spain, List of assassinated people - Sweden, List of assassinated people - Switzerland, List of assassinated people - United Kingdom, List of assassinated people - Yugoslavia and successor states, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the former Soviet Union, List of assassinated people - Deaths under suspicious circumstances, List of assassinated people - Related articles and lists

Read more here: » List of assassinated people: Encyclopedia II - List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Africa

List of SS Personnel - Reichsführer. Heinrich Himmler (Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of German Police) Karl Hanke (Last Reich Leader of the SS) List of SS Personnel - Oberstgruppenführer. Kurt Daluege (Commander of the Ordnungspolizei) Sepp Dietrich (Commander of the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler and later 6.SS-Panzerarmee) Paul Hausser (Commander of the II.SS-Panz ...

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List of SS Personnel, List of SS Personnel - Notable SS Officers, List of SS Personnel - Reichsführer, List of SS Personnel - Oberstgruppenführer, List of SS Personnel - Obergruppenführer, List of SS Personnel - Gruppenführer, List of SS Personnel - Brigadeführer, List of SS Personnel - Oberführer, List of SS Personnel - Standartenführer, List of SS Personnel - Obersturmbannführer, List of SS Personnel - Sturmbannführer, List of SS Personnel - Hauptsturmführer, List of SS Personnel - Untersturmführer, List of SS Personnel - Notable SS Enlisted, List of SS Personnel - Sturmscharführer, List of SS Personnel - Oberscharführer, List of SS Personnel - Unterscharführer, List of SS Personnel - Schütze

Read more here: » List of SS Personnel: Encyclopedia II - List of SS Personnel - Notable SS Officers

Abwehr - Before the War. Before he took over the Abwehr on January 1, the soon-to-be Admiral Canaris was warned by Patzig of attempts by Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich to take over all German intelligence organs. Canaris, a master of backroom dealings which were so much a part of life, thought he knew how to deal with them. But even while he tried to maintain an at-least cordial relationship with them, the antagonism between the Abweh ...

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Abwehr, Abwehr - The Abwehr before Canaris, Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris, Abwehr - Before the War, Abwehr - The Abwehr During World War II, Abwehr - The Frau Solf Tea Party and the End of the Abwehr, Abwehr - Chiefs of the Abwehr

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Von Manteuffel was born in Potsdam to a respected Prussian aristocratic family. In 1908 he became a cadet in a military school, he joined the Imperial German Army on February 22, 1916 as an officer in a Hussar regiment. He entered the World War I in April 1916 with the 5th Squadron of 3rd Hussar Regiment attached to the 6th Prussian Infantry Division stationed on the Western Front, where he was wounded on October 12 during the fighting in France. After recuperation he reentered active service in February 1917 an ...

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Hasso von Manteuffel, Hasso von Manteuffel - Life, Hasso von Manteuffel - Reference

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In the wake of the First World War and subsquent economic depression, many German voters began turning their support towards Adolf Hitler's radical Nazi Party, which made great promises of an economic, cultural, and military renewal for the fledgling country. On January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher to form a viable government failed. Hindenberg was put under pressure by Hitler through his son Oskar, as well as intrigue from former Chancello ...

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Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

Read more here: » Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939

Botulinum (botulinus) toxin is the toxic compound produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The names Botox® and Dysport® are trade names and should not be used generically to describe the neurotoxins produced by Clostridia species. There are seven serologically distinct toxin types, designated A through G; 3 subtypes of A have been described. The toxins incorporate an enzyme (a protease) that attacks one of the fusion proteins at a neuromuscular junction, preventing vesicles from anchoring to the membrane to release acetylch ...

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Botulin toxin, Botulin toxin - Chemical overview, Botulin toxin - History, Botulin toxin - Chemical warfare, Botulin toxin - Medical uses, Botulin toxin - Chemical mechanism of toxicity

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In the U.S., state funerals are granted by law to presidents and other individuals designated by the president. While tradition and protocol greatly influence the funeral planning, the exact sequence of events is largely determined by the family of the deceased. This decision is made once a president leaves office. State funeral - History and development. The pomp and circumstance of state funerals were eschewed by the founding fathers who believed them to be too reminiscent of British rule. The first gene ...

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State funeral, State funeral - United Kingdom, State funeral - United States, State funeral - History and development, State funeral - Major components, State funeral - Funeral arrangements, State funeral - Canada, State funeral - Roman Catholic Church, State funeral - Historical, State funeral - Nazi Germany, State funeral - Rome

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British Sea Power's Yan, Hamilton and Wood are school friends from Kendal in Cumbria. They were in a number of bands together while at school, but after finishing his exams Yan moved to study at Reading University, where he met guitarist Noble. A few years later Hamilton and Woody moved down to join them and form a band. They played some gigs in Reading as British Air Power before relocating to Brighton in search of a more vibrant music scene, as well as changing their name. In Brighton, BSP amassed a strong local following, due mainl ...

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British Sea Power, British Sea Power - History, British Sea Power - Discography, British Sea Power - Albums, British Sea Power - Singles, British Sea Power - EPs, British Sea Power - References to people places and things

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The Czechoslovak War Cross 1914 – 1918 was a commemorative medal and was awarded to any veteran of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who had served on active military duty during the years of the First World War. The medal was first created in 1922 and issued to Czechoslovakian citizens and also, upon application, to citizens of Germany and Austria who had served in the geographical region of Czechoslovakia during the years of the Great War. The Czechoslovakian War Cross was also, on occasion, issued to veterans of the Allie ...

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Czechoslovakian War Cross, Czechoslovakian War Cross - 1914 – 1918, Czechoslovakian War Cross - 1939 – 1945

Read more here: » Czechoslovakian War Cross: Encyclopedia II - Czechoslovakian War Cross - 1914 – 1918

SOE operated several "stations" located in country houses and elsewhere. These were given numbers, such as: Station VI - Bride Hall, the weapons acquisition section. Station IX - The Frythe estate near Welwyn Garden City, which began as a wireless research unit (Special Signals), then became a weapons development & production centre, then a research and development station. Now a factory belonging to Smithkline Beecham. [2] Station X - Bletchley Park, a radio station, now more famous for its subsequent use ...

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Special Operations Executive, Special Operations Executive - Agents, Special Operations Executive - Numbered stations, Special Operations Executive - Bibliography and filmography, Special Operations Executive - Miscellany/trivia

Read more here: » Special Operations Executive: Encyclopedia II - Special Operations Executive - Numbered stations

The band was originally known as Dragonslayer before shortening their name to Slayer. Slayer's first few albums (Show No Mercy, Haunting the Chapel E.P, Hell Awaits, Live Undead) are sometimes regarded as promising, but a little uneven though many Slayer standards, such as "Chemical Warfare", "Captor of Sin" and "Die By the Sword" are from these releases. Hell Awaits is notable in that the opening track has a demonic sounding voice saying "Join Us" actually being played backwards, and may be partly responsible for the right w ...

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Slayer, Slayer - History, Slayer - Rotating drummers, Slayer - Accusations of racism, Slayer - Members, Slayer - Current members, Slayer - Former members, Slayer - Statistics, Slayer - See Also

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Assassination - Assassination as a political tool. Some would argue that assassination is one of the oldest tools of power politics, dating back to the earliest governments of the world. Towards the end of the Warring States Period (3rd century BC) in China, the state Qin rose to hegemony over other states. The Prince of the state Yan felt the threat and sought to remove the Qin king (later Qin Shi Huang) and sent Jing Ke for the mission. The assassin ...

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Assassination, Assassination - Etymology, Assassination - Definition problems, Assassination - Reasons for assassinations, Assassination - Assassination as a political tool, Assassination - Assassination for money, Assassination - Assassination as military doctrine, Assassination - Moral issues, Assassination - Techniques, Assassination - Counter-measures, Assassination - Related lists

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Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, at Braunau am Inn, Austria, a small town 90 km (55 miles) west of Linz in the province of Upper Austria, on the bank of the River Inn, which formed the border between Germany and what was then Austria-Hungary. He was the fourth of six children of Alois Hitler (1837–1903), a customs official, and Klara Pölzl, Alois' niece and third wife. Of these six children, only Adolf and his younger sister Paula reached adulthood. Alois Hitler also had a son (Alois Junior) and a daughter (Angela) by his second w ...

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Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler - Early years, Adolf Hitler - Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich, Adolf Hitler - World War I, Adolf Hitler - The early years of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler - Hitler's entry and rise, Adolf Hitler - The Hitler Putsch, Adolf Hitler - The Rebuilding of the Party, Adolf Hitler - The Road to Power, Adolf Hitler - The Brüning administration, Adolf Hitler - The cabinets von Papen and Schleicher, Adolf Hitler - Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, Adolf Hitler - Reichstag Fire and the March election, Adolf Hitler - The Enabling Act, Adolf Hitler - Removal of remaining limits, Adolf Hitler - The Third Reich, Adolf Hitler - Economics and culture, Adolf Hitler - Repression, Adolf Hitler - Rearmament and new alliances, Adolf Hitler - The Holocaust, Adolf Hitler - World War II, Adolf Hitler - Opening moves, Adolf Hitler - Path to defeat, Adolf Hitler - Defeat and death, Adolf Hitler - Legacy, Adolf Hitler - Medical health, Adolf Hitler - Hitler's family, Adolf Hitler - The origin of the name Hitler, Adolf Hitler - Trivia, Adolf Hitler - People associated with Hitler, Adolf Hitler - Documentaries, Adolf Hitler - Dramatizations, Adolf Hitler - Media, Adolf Hitler - Hitler's speeches

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Reichsführer-SS was both a title and a rank. The title of Reichsführer was first created in 1926 by Joseph Berchtold. Berchtold's predecessor, Julius Schreck, never referred to himself as Reichsführer but the title was retroactively applied to him in later years. In 1929, Heinrich Himmler became Reichsführer-SS and referred to himself by his title instead of his regular SS rank. This set the precedent for the Commanding General of the SS to be called Reichsführer-SS. In 1934, Himmler's title became an ...

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Reichsführer-SS, Reichsführer-SS - Definition, Reichsführer-SS - Office holders, Reichsführer-SS - Fiction references

Read more here: » Reichsführer-SS: Encyclopedia II - Reichsführer-SS - Definition

The SD was created in 1932 by Reinhard Heydrich and became more powerful after the Nazis took control of Germany. It was in some competition with the Sturmabteilung (SA), but under its chief, Heydrich, on June 9, 1934, it was made the sole "Party information service". In 1938 it was made the intelligence organization for the State as well as for the Party, supporting the Gestapo and working ...

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Sicherheitsdienst, Sicherheitsdienst - History, Sicherheitsdienst - Organization, Sicherheitsdienst - Inland-SD, Sicherheitsdienst - Ausland-SD, Sicherheitsdienst - Security Forces, Sicherheitsdienst - Local Offices

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The origins of the Einsatzgruppen can be traced back to the ad hoc Einsatzkommando formed by Reinhard Heydrich to secure government buildings and documents following the Anschluss in Austria in March 1938. The task of securing government buildings, the accompanying documention and questioning senior civil servants in lands occupied by Germany was the Einsatzgruppen's original mission. In the summer of 1938, when Germany was preparing an invasion of Czechoslovakia scheduled for October 1, 1938, the Einsatzgruppe ...

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Einsatzgruppen, Einsatzgruppen - History, Einsatzgruppen - Methods of murder, Einsatzgruppen - The Jager Report, Einsatzgruppen - After the war, Einsatzgruppen - Organization, Einsatzgruppen - Secondary sources

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The Man in the High Castle - Back Story. The point of divergence between the world of The Man in the High Castle and actual history is the assassination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. A fictional President Bricker was elected afterwards. He was unable to revive the nation from the Great Depression and clung to an isolationist policy concerning the war. Without U.S. assistance, Britain and then the rest of Europe fell to the Axis Powers. The Japanese completely destroyed the U.S.'s Pacif ...

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The Man in the High Castle, The Man in the High Castle - Plot, The Man in the High Castle - Back Story, The Man in the High Castle - Storylines, The Man in the High Castle - The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, The Man in the High Castle - The Use of the I Ching, The Man in the High Castle - Themes, The Man in the High Castle - Trivia

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By 1944, the SS had become a vast and complex organization and was considered a "State within a State". The final structure and organization of the SS were as follows: Schutzstaffel - SS and Police Leaders. The most powerful men in the SS were the SS and Police Leaders, divided into three levels being that of Regular Leaders, Higher Leaders, and Supreme Leaders. Such persons normally held the rank of SS-Gruppenfuhrer or above and answered directly to Heinrich Himmler in all matters pertaining to the ...

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Schutzstaffel, Schutzstaffel - History, Schutzstaffel - Origins, Schutzstaffel - Development, Schutzstaffel - Fall of the SS, Schutzstaffel - Postwar activity, Schutzstaffel - SS leaders, Schutzstaffel - The SS before World War II, Schutzstaffel - 1925–1928, Schutzstaffel - 1929–1931, Schutzstaffel - 1931–1933, Schutzstaffel - 1933–1934, Schutzstaffel - 1934–1936, Schutzstaffel - 1936–1939, Schutzstaffel - Austrian SS, Schutzstaffel - The SS during World War II, Schutzstaffel - SS and Police Leaders, Schutzstaffel - Headquarters offices, Schutzstaffel - General SS, Schutzstaffel - Waffen-SS, Schutzstaffel - Concentration camp service, Schutzstaffel - Special action groups, Schutzstaffel - Order Police, Schutzstaffel - SS Medical Corps, Schutzstaffel - SS and police courts, Schutzstaffel - Helferin Corps, Schutzstaffel - Future visions

Read more here: » Schutzstaffel: Encyclopedia II - Schutzstaffel - The SS during World War II

Main article: Moscow Trials. Between 1936 and 1938 three Moscow Trials of former senior Communist Party leaders were held. The defendants were accused of conspiring with the western powers to assassinate Stalin and other Soviet leaders, dismember the Soviet Union and restore capitalism. The first trial was of 16 members of the so-called "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre," held in August 1936, at which the chief defendants were Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, two of the most prominent former party leaders. ...

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Great Purge, Great Purge - The Moscow Trials, Great Purge - Purge of the army, Great Purge - The wider purge, Great Purge - Ex-kulaks, Great Purge - National operations of NKVD, Great Purge - End of Yezhovshchina, Great Purge - Western reactions, Great Purge - Rehabilitation, Great Purge - Victim toll, Great Purge - Soviet investigation commissions, Great Purge - Skepticism and denial, Great Purge - Notes, Great Purge - Further reading and references

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1904 - January-March. January 7 - The distress signal CQD is established only to be replaced two years later by SOS. February 7 - The Great Baltimore Fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours. February 8 - Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur (Lushun) starts Russo-Japanese War February 10 – Roger Casement publishes his account of Belgian atrocities in Congo February 17 - Puccini's Madame Butterfly debuts in Milan to no great success < ...

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1904, 1904 - Events, 1904 - January-March, 1904 - April-June, 1904 - July-December, 1904 - Unknown dates, 1904 - Births, 1904 - January-February, 1904 - March-April, 1904 - May-July, 1904 - August-December, 1904 - Unknown dates, 1904 - Deaths, 1904 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1904: Encyclopedia II - 1904 - Events

1941 - January-February. January 6 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivers his Four Freedoms Speech in the State of the Union Address. January 10 - Lend-Lease is introduced into the U.S. Congress. January 19 - British troops attack Italian-held Eritrea. January 21 - World War II: Australian and British forces attack Tobruk, Libya. January 22 - World War II: British troops capture Tobruk from the Italians. January 23 - Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Cong ...

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1941, 1941 - Events<