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refracting telescope | A Wisdom Archive on refracting telescope | | refracting telescope A selection of articles related to refracting telescope | |
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Refracting telescope
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO refracting telescope | | | |  refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - The composition of white lightOn December 21, 1671 he was proposed as a candidate for admission into the Royal Society by Dr Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, and on January 11, 1672 he was elected a fellow of the Society. At the meeting at which Newton was elected, he read a description of a reflecting telescope which he had invented, and "it was ordered that a letter should be written by the secretary to Mr Newton to acquaint him of his election into the Society, and to thank him for the communication of his telescope, and to assure him that t ...
See also:Isaac Newton's early life and achievements, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Birth and education, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Academic career, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - The composition of white light, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Newton's theory of colour, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Controversies, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Conflict over oratorship elections, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Newton's poverty, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Universal law of gravitation Read more here: » Isaac Newton's early life and achievements: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - The composition of white light |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Aberration in optical systems - Analytic treatment of aberrations The preceding review of the several errors of reproduction belongs to the Abbe theory of aberrations, in which definite aberrations are discussed separately; it is well suited to practical needs, for in the construction of an optical instrument certain errors are sought to be eliminated, the selection of which is justified by experience. In the mathematical sense, however, this selection is arbitrary; the reproduction of a finite object with a finite aperture entails, in all probability, an infinite number of aberrations. This number ...
See also:Aberration in optical systems, Aberration in optical systems - Monochromatic aberration, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of axial points spherical aberration in the restricted sense, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of elements i.e. smallest objects at right angles to the axis, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of lateral object points points beyond the axis with narrow pencils. Astigmatism., Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of lateral object points with broad pencils. Coma., Aberration in optical systems - Curvature of the field of the image, Aberration in optical systems - Distortion of the image, Aberration in optical systems - Analytic treatment of aberrations, Aberration in optical systems - Practical elimination of aberrations, Aberration in optical systems - Chromatic or colour aberration, Aberration in optical systems - Authorities. Read more here: » Aberration in optical systems: Encyclopedia II - Aberration in optical systems - Analytic treatment of aberrations |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing Ray tracing describes a realistic method for rendering images (or frames) constructed in 3D computer graphics environments. It works by tracing the path taken by a ray of light from the camera through the scene, then calculating the reflection, refraction, or absorption of the ray when it intersects objects in the world.
In nature, a light source emits a ray of light which travels, eventually, to a surface that interrupts its progress. One can think of this "ray" as a stream of photons travelling along the same path. In a perfect vacu ...
See also:Ray tracing, Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing, Ray tracing - Algorithm: classical recursive ray tracing, Ray tracing - In optical design, Ray tracing - Example, Ray tracing - Books Read more here: » Ray tracing: Encyclopedia II - Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing Ray tracing describes a realistic method for rendering images (or frames) constructed in 3D computer graphics environments. It works by tracing the path taken by a ray of light from the camera through the scene, then calculating the reflection, refraction, or absorption of the ray when it intersects objects in the world.
In nature, a light source emits a ray of light which travels, eventually, to a surface that interrupts its progress. One can think of this "ray" as a stream of photons travelling along the same path. In a perfect vacu ...
See also:Ray tracing, Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing, Ray tracing - Algorithm: classical recursive ray tracing, Ray tracing - In optical design, Ray tracing - Books Read more here: » Ray tracing: Encyclopedia II - Ray tracing - Genesis and Description of Ray Tracing |
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| | | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - James Lick - California years Lick arrived in San Francisco, California, in January 1848, bringing with him his tools, work bench, $30,000 in gold, and 600 pounds (300 kg) of chocolate. The chocolate quickly sold, and Lick convinced his neighbor in Peru, the confectioner Domingo Ghirardelli, to move to San Francisco, where he founded the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company.
Upon his arrival, Lick began buying real estate in the small village of San Francisco. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento a few days after Lick's arrival in the future state began ...
See also:James Lick, James Lick - Early years, James Lick - South American years, James Lick - California years, James Lick - Lick's legacy Read more here: » James Lick: Encyclopedia II - James Lick - California years |
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| | | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Microscope - Optical resolution A lens magnifies by bending light (see refraction). Optical microscopes are restricted in their ability to resolve features by a phenomenon called diffraction which, based on the numerical aperture (NA or AN) of the optical system and the wavelengths of light used (λ), sets a definite limit (d) to the optical resolution. Assuming that optical aberrations are negligible, the resolu ...
See also:Microscope, Microscope - Simple optical microscope, Microscope - Compound optical microscope, Microscope - Stereo microscope, Microscope - Special designs, Microscope - Optical resolution, Microscope - History of the microscope, Microscope - Other types of microscopes Read more here: » Microscope: Encyclopedia II - Microscope - Optical resolution |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Microscope - Optical resolution A lens magnifies by bending light (see refraction). Optical microscopes are restricted in their ability to resolve features by a phenomenon called diffraction which, based on the numerical aperture (NA or AN) of the optical system and the wavelengths of light used (λ), sets a definite limit (d) to the optical resolution. Assuming that optical aberrations are negligible, the resolu ...
See also:Microscope, Microscope - Simple optical microscope, Microscope - Compound optical microscope, Microscope - The Parts of the Microscope, Microscope - Stereo microscope, Microscope - Special designs, Microscope - Optical resolution, Microscope - History of the microscope, Microscope - Other types of microscopes Read more here: » Microscope: Encyclopedia II - Microscope - Optical resolution |
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| | | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Lens construction The most common type of lenses are spherical lenses, which are formed from surfaces that have spherical curvature, that is, the front and back surfaces of the lens can be imagined to be part of the surface of two spheres of given radii, R1 and R2, which are called the radius of curvature of each surface. The sign of R1 gives the shape of the front surface of the lens: if R1 is positive, the surface is convex (bulging outwards from the lens). I ...
See also:Lens optics, Lens optics - History, Lens optics - Lens construction, Lens optics - Imaging properties, Lens optics - Aberrations, Lens optics - Spherical aberration, Lens optics - Coma, Lens optics - Chromatic aberration, Lens optics - Multiple lenses, Lens optics - Uses of lenses Read more here: » Lens optics: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Lens construction |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Aberration in optical systems - Chromatic or colour aberration In optical systems composed of lenses, the position, magnitude and errors of the image depend upon the refractive indices of the glass employed (see Lens (optics), and above, Monochromatic Aberration). Since the index of refraction varies with the colour or wavelength of the light (see dispersion), it follows that a system of lenses (uncorrected) projects images of different colours in somewhat different places and sizes and with different aberrations; i.e. there are chromatic differences of the distances of intersection, of ma ...
See also:Aberration in optical systems, Aberration in optical systems - Monochromatic aberration, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of axial points spherical aberration in the restricted sense, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of elements i.e. smallest objects at right angles to the axis, Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of lateral object points points beyond the axis with narrow pencils. Astigmatism., Aberration in optical systems - Aberration of lateral object points with broad pencils. Coma., Aberration in optical systems - Curvature of the field of the image, Aberration in optical systems - Distortion of the image, Aberration in optical systems - Analytic treatment of aberrations, Aberration in optical systems - Practical elimination of aberrations, Aberration in optical systems - Chromatic or colour aberration, Aberration in optical systems - Authorities. Read more here: » Aberration in optical systems: Encyclopedia II - Aberration in optical systems - Chromatic or colour aberration |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Maintenance If the binoculars are not collimated properly, i.e., if the images from the two tubes are not properly aligned, then they will give poor results and can be uncomfortable and tiring to use. This may be due to poor manufacturing quality control (more likely with cheaper binoculars) or to a shock (being dropped) or drift over time. If the binoculars are basically sound, this can be remedied by small movements to the prisms, often by turning screws accessible without opening the binoculars. While it is inadvisable for the non-expert to tr ...
See also:Binoculars, Binoculars - Prismatic binoculars, Binoculars - Design details, Binoculars - Optical parameters, Binoculars - Optical construction, Binoculars - Image stabilisation, Binoculars - Maintenance, Binoculars - Choosing binoculars Read more here: » Binoculars: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Maintenance |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Red dot sight - Reticles The most common reticle is a small dot, covering 5 minutes of arc, illuminated by a red LED, hence the common term "red dot sight". Sights that use dot reticles are almost invariably measured in minutes of arc, or "MOA". MOA is a convenient measure for shooters using English units, since 1 MOA subtends approximately 1.0472 inches at a distance of 100 yards (91.44 m). This is generally rounded to 1 inch at 100 yards, which makes MOA a very handy unit to use in ballistics. The 5 MOA dot is small enough not to obscure most targets, and large en ...
See also:Red dot sight, Red dot sight - How red dot sights work, Red dot sight - Reticles, Red dot sight - Types of red dot sights, Red dot sight - Uses Read more here: » Red dot sight: Encyclopedia II - Red dot sight - Reticles |
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| | | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Imaging properties As mentioned above, a positive or converging lens will focus a collimated beam travelling along the lens axis to a spot (known as the focal point) at a distance f from the lens. Conversely, a point source of light placed at the focal point will be converted into a collimated beam by the lens. These two cases are examples of image formation in lenses. In the former case, an object at an infinite distance (as represented by a collimated beam of light) is focused to an image at the focal point of the lens. In the latter, an ...
See also:Lens optics, Lens optics - History, Lens optics - Lens construction, Lens optics - Imaging properties, Lens optics - Aberrations, Lens optics - Spherical aberration, Lens optics - Coma, Lens optics - Chromatic aberration, Lens optics - Multiple lenses, Lens optics - Uses of lenses Read more here: » Lens optics: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Imaging properties |
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| | | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Aberrations Lenses do not form perfect images, and there is always some degree of distortion or aberration introduced by the lens which causes the image to be an imperfect replica of the object. Careful design of the lens system for a particular application ensures that the aberration is minimized. There are several different types of aberration which can affect image quality.
Lens optics - Spherical aberration.
Spherical aberration is caused because spherical surfaces are not the ideal shape wit ...
See also:Lens optics, Lens optics - History, Lens optics - Lens construction, Lens optics - Imaging properties, Lens optics - Aberrations, Lens optics - Spherical aberration, Lens optics - Coma, Lens optics - Chromatic aberration, Lens optics - Multiple lenses, Lens optics - Uses of lenses Read more here: » Lens optics: Encyclopedia II - Lens optics - Aberrations |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Eyepiece - Eyepiece designs Technology has developed over time and there are a variety of eyepiece designs for use with optical telescopes. They vary in their internal lens configuration and different designs are sometimes more appropriate both for different types of viewing, and for different types of telescope. Eyepiece designs include Huygens, Ramsden, Orthoscopic, Kellner, RKE, Erfle, Plössl, and Nagler. Several of these are described in more detail below. ...
See also:Eyepiece, Eyepiece - Eyepiece properties, Eyepiece - Design distance to entrance pupil, Eyepiece - Elements, Eyepiece - Internal reflection and scatter, Eyepiece - Lateral chromatic aberration, Eyepiece - Focal length, Eyepiece - Location of focal plane, Eyepiece - Field of view, Eyepiece - Barrel diameter, Eyepiece - Eye relief, Eyepiece - Eyepiece designs, Eyepiece - Huygens, Eyepiece - Ramsden, Eyepiece - Kellner or achromatized Ramsden, Eyepiece - RKE, Eyepiece - Orthoscopic or orthographic, Eyepiece - Erfle, Eyepiece - Plössl Read more here: » Eyepiece: Encyclopedia II - Eyepiece - Eyepiece designs |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Light - Color and wavelengths The different wavelengths are detected by the human eye and then interpreted by the brain as colors, ranging from red at the longest wavelengths of about 700 nm. (lowest frequencies) to violet at the shortest wavelengths of about 400 nm. (highest frequencies). The intervening frequencies are seen as orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and, conventionally, indigo.
The wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately outside the range that the human eye is able to perceive are called ultraviolet (UV) at ...
See also:Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Color and wavelengths |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Light - Light sources There are many sources of light. The most common light sources are thermal: a body at a given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum of black body radiation. Examples include sunlight (the radiation emitted by the chromosphere of the Sun at around 6,000 K peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum), incandescent light bulbs (which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the remainder as infrared), and glowing solid particles in flames. The peak of the blackbody spectrum is in the infrared for rela ...
See also:Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Light sources |
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| | | | | refracting telescope: Encyclopedia II - Galileo Galilei - Technology Galileo made a few contributions to what we now call technology as distinct from pure physics, and suggested others. This is not the same distinction as made by Aristotle, who would have considered all Galileo's physics as techne or useful knowledge, as opposed to episteme, or philosophical investigation into the causes of things.
In 1595–1598, Galileo devised and improved a "Geometric and Military Compass" suitable for use by gunners and surveyors. This expanded on earlier instruments designed by Niccolo Tartaglia and ...
See also:Galileo Galilei, Galileo Galilei - Galileo's Family & Early Careers, Galileo Galilei - Experimental science, Galileo Galilei - Astronomy, Galileo Galilei - Contributions, Galileo Galilei - Modern claims of scientific errors and misconduct, Galileo Galilei - Physics, Galileo Galilei - Mathematics, Galileo Galilei - Technology, Galileo Galilei - Church controversy, Galileo Galilei - Galileo's writings, Galileo Galilei - Writings on Galileo, Galileo Galilei - Named after Galileo Read more here: » Galileo Galilei: Encyclopedia II - Galileo Galilei - Technology |
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