Reflex actions seen in adult humans include: Accommodation reflex Achilles reflex Anocutaneous reflex Babinski reflex Biceps stretch reflex Brachioradialis reflex Crossed extensor reflex Mammalian diving reflex Gag reflex Gastroc-Soleus reflex H-reflex Patellar reflex (knee-jerk reflex) Photic sneeze reflex Pupillary reflex Quadriceps reflex Salivation Scratch reflex Sneeze Tendon reflex Triceps stretch reflex Vestibulo ...

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Reflex action, Reflex action - Explanation, Reflex action - Reaction time, Reflex action - Mechanism, Reflex action - Human reflexes, Reflex action - Significance

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Reflex action, Reflex action - Explanation, Reflex action - Simple reflex, Reflex action - Conditioned reflex, Reflex action - Reaction time, Reflex action - Human reflexes, Reflex action - Significance

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A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc. Reflexes can be built-in or learned. It occurs very quickly before thinking. Before the message is sent to the brain the spine picks it up and sends it back to the muscle causing spasm. Reflex action - Simple reflex. A simple reflex is entirely automatic and involves no learning. Examples of such reflexes include the sudden withdrawal of a hand in response to a pai ...

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Reflex action, Reflex action - Explanation, Reflex action - Simple reflex, Reflex action - Conditioned reflex, Reflex action - Reaction time, Reflex action - Human reflexes, Reflex action - Significance

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A reflex mechanism involves a receptor organ, an effector organ, and some type of communication network. Ivan Pavlov unintentionally launched the study of conditioning by establishing a way of producing what he called "conditional reflexes", i.e. reflexes that would only be seen conditional on previous experiences of the subject. ...

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Reflex action, Reflex action - Explanation, Reflex action - Reaction time, Reflex action - Mechanism, Reflex action - Human reflexes, Reflex action - Significance

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The lateral side of the sole of the foot is rubbed with a sharp or hard implement (usually the tip of a tendon hammer), running from the heel along a curve to the metatarsal pads. It is an unpleasant sensation for most. There are roughly three responses possible: Flexor: the toes curve inwards and the foot pronates; this is the response seen in healthy adults. This is not a reflex; it is under voluntary control. Indifferent: there is no response (sometimes a feature of peripheral neuropathy). Extensor: the hallux (large toe) extends upwards, and the other toes to a lesser extent ...

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Plantar reflex, Plantar reflex - Methods, Plantar reflex - Interpretation, Plantar reflex - Relationship to Hoffmann sign, Plantar reflex - Eponym

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The extensor response can indicate damage of the spinal cord in the thoracal or lumbar region, or brain disease. Occasionally, a pathological plantar reflex is the first (and only) indication of a serious disease process, and a clearly abnormal plantar reflex often prompts detailed neurological investigations, including CT scanning of the brain or MRI of the spine, as well as lumbar puncture for the study of cerebrospinal fluid. Young babies (less than a few months of age) will also show an extensor response. A baby's smaller toes wil ...

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Plantar reflex, Plantar reflex - Methods, Plantar reflex - Interpretation, Plantar reflex - Relationship to Hoffmann sign, Plantar reflex - Eponym

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Brazilian Portuguese is a form of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil. It is spoken by most of the 180 million inhabitants of Brazil. It is also spoken by immigrants and their descendants in Canada, United States, Portugal, Paraguay and Japan — where it is spoken by Japanese-Brazilian migrants. There are various differences between European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese, such as the dropping of the second person in everyday usage and the use of subject pronouns (ele, ela, eles, elas) as direct objects. Portugu ...

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Brazilian Portuguese - History Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar
Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative
Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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Although most of the lexicon of Brazilian Portuguese is the same as that of Portugal, there are differences, particularly in terminology referring to objects which have come into existence since the political separation of the two countries in the 19th century. Nevertheless, a large amount of European Portuguese vocabulary exists in Brazilian Portuguese, yet is often not the word most commonly used. ...

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Brazilian Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese - History, Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology, Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon, Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling, Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar, Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives, Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento, Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative, Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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A reaction is the following: In physics, a reaction is defined by Newton's third law: "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction". The idea that any given force has a pair or opposite force. Usually, a reaction is any response caused by some other action. Chemical reaction Reflex reaction light reaction Hill reaction Chain reaction In politics, the reaction is the attitude of the reactionaries, or thei

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Action-adventure games are video games that combine elements of the adventure game genre with various action elements. Nintendo is generally cited as originating the genre with The Legend of Zelda (1986); as a result, action-adventure games are simply called "adventure games" by many console gamers. In action-adventure games, while reflex-based actions are required (often revolving around combat or the avoidance thereof), the gameplay still follows a number of adventure game genre tropes (gathering items, exploration of ...

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Andrew Salter (May 9, 1914-October 6, 1996) is the founder of conditioned reflex therapy, a type of therapy that emphasizes conscious physical action as the way to combat ingrained negative behaviours. In the 1940s, Salter introduced to American therapy the Pavlovian method of contradicting, opposing, and attacking beliefs. Salter was the first nationally recognized opponent of psychoanalysi ...

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Adventure is a genre of video game typified by exploration, puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters, and a focus on narrative rather than reflex-based challenges. The vast majority of adventure games are computer games, though console-based adventure games are not unheard of. Unlike many other game genres, the adventure genre's focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative-based art forms, such as literature and film. Adventure games encompass a wide variety of literary genres, including fantasy, science ficti ...

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Adventure game - History
Adventure game - Colossal Cave Adventure Adventure game - Scott Adams Adventure game - Graphical progress Adventure game - Infocom Adventure game - Sierra Adventure game - LucasArts Adventure game - Myst
Adventure game - Types of adventure games
Adventure game - Puzzle adventure Adventure game - Action-adventure Adventure game - Text based Adventure game - Graphical adventure Adventure game - RPG-like Adventure game - Other
Adventure game - Modern adventure games Adventure game - Common features Adventure game - Notable adventure games
Adventure game - Series

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Spoken Brazilian usage differs considerably from European usage in many aspects. The following are a few of these differences: Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action. BP has carried on the gerund form from classical Portuguese. The norm in EP was changed, with the extinction of the gerund, favouring the infinitive, in most dialects. Whereas in BP it is common for one to say, estou falando (I'm speaking), estou escrevendo (I'm writing), vou rindo ( ...

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Brazilian Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese - History, Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology, Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon, Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling, Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar, Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives, Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento, Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative, Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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Many words of Brazilian origin (also used in other Portuguese-language countries) have also entered into English: samba, bossa nova, cruzeiro, milreis, capoeira. While originally Angolan, the words "capoeira" and "samba" only became famous worldwide because of their popularity in Brazil. Brazilian Portuguese has borrowed words from many sources. From South America, words deriving from the Tupi-Guaraní family of languages are particularly prevalent in place names (Itaquaquecetuba, Pindamonhangaba, Caruaru) and names of flora and fauna (abacaxi "pineapple", mandioca, "m ...

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Brazilian Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese - History, Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology, Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon, Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling, Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar, Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives, Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento, Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative, Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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Portuguese in Brazil is a legacy of Portuguese colonization of the Americas. The first wave of Portuguese-speaking immigrants was settled in Brazil in the 16th Century, yet the language was not widely used then. By the end of the 18th century, it was already the national language. It gained words from Amerindian languages such as Lingua Geral. Many of those also reached Portugal, such as pipoca (popcorn) or abacaxi (pineapple). Some of these words entered the colony's Portuguese dialects in a very early ...

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Brazilian Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese - History, Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology, Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon, Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling, Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar, Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives, Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento, Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative, Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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The micturition reflex is activated when the urinary bladder wall is stretched; it results in urination. This reflex occurs in the spinal cord, specifically in the sacral region that is modified by the higher centers in the brain: the pons and cerebrum. The presence of urine in the bladder stimulates the stretch receptors, which produces action potential. The action potentials are carried by sensory neurons to the sacral segments of the spinal cord through the pelvic nerves the parasympathetic fibers carry the action potentials ...

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Urination, Urination - Urinary System, Urination - Urination techniques, Urination - Male urination, Urination - Female urination, Urination - Length of urination, Urination - Social factors, Urination - Toilet training, Urination - Toilets, Urination - Clothing designs, Urination - Social transgressions, Urination - Alternatives to toilets, Urination - Animals, Urination - Urination fetishes

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In many ways, compared to European Portuguese (EP), Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is conservative in its phonology. In some areas of Brazil, the speech is close to that of Portuguese as spoken in the 16th and 17th centuries. This also occurs in São Tomean Portuguese. BP maintains unstressed vowels to a greater extent than EP. BP maintains the five vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, See also:

Brazilian Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese - History, Brazilian Portuguese - Phonology, Brazilian Portuguese - Brazilian lexicon, Brazilian Portuguese - Spelling, Brazilian Portuguese - Grammar, Brazilian Portuguese - The use of the gerund for describing continuous action, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of tenses, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of reflexives, Brazilian Portuguese - Object pronouns, Brazilian Portuguese - Use of subject pronouns pronomes de tratamento, Brazilian Portuguese - The imperative, Brazilian Portuguese - Borrowings and loan words

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In Australia, Ryan v The Queen (1967) 121 CLR 205, the defendant entered a shop with a loaded rifle for a robbery. In a sudden attack, the shop assistant caught the appellant by surprise, causing him by a reflex action to discharge the gun, killing the assistant instantly. The Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) requires that "murder shall be committed where the act of the accused … causing the death charged". Barwick CJ. said at 213: That a crime cannot be committed except by an act or omission is axiomatic. It is basic, in m ...

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Automatism case law, Automatism case law - Voluntariness, Automatism case law - Reflex movements, Automatism case law - Sleep, Automatism case law - Automatism and insanity, Automatism case law - Automatism and drunkenness, Automatism case law - Automatism and provocation

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Given the goals of batting, a batsman must possess good hand-eye coordination, reflexes, strength, running speed, sound judgment, and of course knowledge of cricket rules and an understanding of cricket strategy and tactics. These basic skills are put to use in specific actions such as: Preventing the ball from hitting the wicket (which would result in the batsman being out bowled). Avoiding being hit in the legs in front of the wicket (which may result in the batsman being out leg before wicket). Avoidi ...

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Batting cricket, Batting cricket - Goals of batting, Batting cricket - Batting skills, Batting cricket - Types of batting shots, Batting cricket - Strategy of batting, Batting cricket - One-day international cricket, Batting cricket - Test cricket

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ADH is used therapeutically in various conditions, and its long-acting synthetic analogue desmopressin is used in conditions featuring low ADH, as well as for control of bleeding (in some forms of von Willebrand disease) and in extreme cases of bedwetting by children. Terlipressin and related analogues are used as vasocontrictors in certain conditions. Vasopressin has also been implicated in playing a positive role in different kinds of memory formation, including delayed reflexes, image, short- and long-term memory, though the mechanism remains unknown. Thus, des ...

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Antidiuretic hormone, Antidiuretic hormone - Physiology, Antidiuretic hormone - Control, Antidiuretic hormone - Actions, Antidiuretic hormone - Structure and relation to oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone - Pharmacology, Antidiuretic hormone - Role in disease

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