red blood cells

red blood cells: Encyclopedia II - Red blood cell - Diseases and diagnostic tools

Blood diseases involving the red blood cells include: Anemias (or anaemias) are diseases characterized by low oxygen transport capacity of the blood, because of low red cell count or some abnormality of the red blood cells or the hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia; it occurs when the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient, and hemoglobin, which contains iron, cannot be formed Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disease that results in abnormal hemoglobin molecules. When thes ...

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Blood - Health and disease

Blood - Mythology and religion

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells or pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) are stem cells found in the bone marrow. PHSC are the precurser cells which give rise to all the blood cell types of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. This includes monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, erythrocytes (red blood cells), megakaryocytes (e.g. platelets), and dendritic cells. As stem cells, they are defined by their ability to form multiple cells types and their ability ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough, or any, new cells to replenish the blood cells. The term 'aplastic' refers to the inability of the marrow to function properly. Anemia is the condition of having fewer blood cells than normal, or fewer than needed to function properly. Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts on all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Aplastic anemia - Cau ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is the taking of blood or blood-based products from one individual and inserting them into the circulatory system of another. It can be considered a form of organ transplant. Blood transfusions may treat medical conditions, such as massive blood loss due to trauma, surgery, shock and where the red cell producing mechanism (or some other normal and essential component) fails (see blood diseases). Blood transfusion - History. Roman Catholic authors take pains to discredit the contemporary ch ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Blood type

A blood type is a description of an individual's characteristics of red blood cells due to substances (carbohydrates and proteins) on the cell membrane. The two most important classifications to describe blood types in humans are ABO and the Rhesus factor (Rh factor). There are 46 other known antigens, most of which are much rarer than ABO and Rh. Blood transfusions from incompatible groups can cause an immunological transfusion reaction, resulting in h ...

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Blood type - Rhesus system CDE

red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Bone marrow

'Bone marrow' (or "medulla ossea") is the tissue comprising the center of large bones. It is the place where new blood cells are produced. Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hemopoietic (which can produce blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone). Stromal stem cells have the capability to differentiate into many kinds of tissues, such as nervous tissue. Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to the three classes of blood cell that are found in the circulation: leukocytes, red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). The tissue of bone marrow, where pluripotential hemopo ...

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Bone marrow - Bone marrow as a food

red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Blood volume

This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. The information in this article appears to be more suited for a dictionary rather than an encyclopedia. Wikipedia is not a dictionary, but Wiktionary is. Please verify that this article meets the Wiktionary criteria for inclusion. If this article can be modified to be more than a dictionary entry, please do so and remove this message. Blood volume is a term describing the amount of blood (including both red blood cells and plasma) in a person's circulatory system

red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Anemia

Anemia (American English) or anaemia (Commonwealth English), which literally means "without blood," is a deficiency of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin. This results in a reduced ability of blood to transfer oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells) has to be present to ensure adequate oxygenation of all body tissues and organs. The three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss), excessive red bl ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Bilirubin metabolism

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are broken down in the spleen, liver sinusioids, and bones. The heme components are first converted to biliverdin, then to unconjugated bilirubin. Because unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble, it binds to albumin for transport to the to the liver and then dissociates. The unconjugated bilirubin is then conjugated in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes (liver cells). Conjugated bilirubin, or bilirubinglucuronide, moves into the bile canaliculi of the liver and then to the gall bladder. When stimulated by eating, bile (including the ...

red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy. Although allergens differ between patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), itching and increased lacrimation (production of tears). The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood ve ...

red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Chloroquine

Chloroquine Chloroquine is a commonly used form of medication against malaria. As it also mildly suppresses the immune system, it is used in some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine - Pharmacology. It has a very high volume of distribution, as it diffuses into the body's adipose tissue. Primaquine Chloroquine - Mechanism of action. Inside the red blood cells, the parasite must degrad ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Spleen

The spleen is a ductless, vertebrate gland that is not necessary for life but is closely associated with the circulatory system, where it functions in the destruction of old red blood cells and removal of other debris from the bloodstream, and also in holding a reservoir of blood. It is regarded as one of the centres of activity of the reticuloendothelial system. Until recently, the purpose of the spleen was not known. It is increasingly recognised that its absence predisposes to certain infections. Spleen - Anatomy. ...

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia - Jaundice

Jaundice, also known as icterus (adjective:"Icteric"), is yellowing of the skin, sclera (the white of the eyes) and mucous membranes caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the human body. Usually the concentration of bilirubin in the blood must exceed 2–3mg/dL for the coloration to be easily visible. Jaundice comes from the French word jaune, meaning yellow. Jaundice - Causes of jaundice. When red blood cells die, the heme in their hemoglobin is converted to bilirubin in the splee ...

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Jaundice - Causes of jaundice

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red blood cells: Encyclopedia II - Red blood cell - Human erythrocytes

The diameter of a typical human erythrocyte disk is 6–8 µm; they are thus much smaller than most other human cells. A typical erythrocyte contains about 270 million hemoglobin molecules, with each carrying four heme groups. Adult humans have roughly 2–3 × 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have about 4 million to 5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (microliter) of blood and men about 5 million to 6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen concentration will have more). Red blood cell ...

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