Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence: Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence
Chemoluminescence (sometimes "chemiluminescence") is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction. Most simp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Reaction - Reactions By Reactants: Aliphatic Compounds
Organic reaction - Alkanes RH. Organic reaction - Alkenes R1R2C=CR3R4 and Alkynes R1C≡CR2. (RS) Free radical bromination: alkene + ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethyl Acetate: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethyl Acetate - Chemistry
Ethyl acetate is an ester that is synthesized from acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of strong acids like sulfuric acid in an ester...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Equilibrium: Encyclopedia - Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is the state in which a chemical reaction proceeds at the same rate as its reverse reaction; the rates of the forwar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Kinetics - Factors That Influence The Rate Of A Reaction
Several factors can be controlled that have an effect on the rate of a certain reaction, these factors are the concentration of reactants...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Endergonic Reaction: Oceanography Dictionary - Endergonic Reaction
  Definition and meaning of endergonic reaction:   endergonic reaction - a chemical reaction that requires energy in orde...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Chemical Equilibrium: Oceanography Dictionary - Chemical Equilibrium
  Definition and meaning of chemical equilibrium:   chemical equilibrium - the state in which a chemical reaction proceed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yield Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Yield Chemistry
Yield in chemistry, also known as chemical yield and reaction yield, is the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. The absolu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Kinetics - Factors That Influence The Rate Of A Reaction
We can control four factors that have an effect on the rate of a certain reaction, these factors are: the concentration of reactants, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Reaction - Thermochemistry
See main article: Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry deciphers whether a specific chemical reaction can or cannot occur. Thermodynamics (or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Equation: Encyclopedia - Chemical Equation
A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It is a formula used to display different stages for chemical re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance(s) initially involved in a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Activation: Encyclopedia - Activation
Activation in science generally refers to the process whereby something is prepared or excited for a subsequent reaction. For example, in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics: Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics
In physical chemistry, chemical kinetics or reaction kinetics study reaction rates in a chemical reaction. Analysing the influence of dif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Synthesis: Encyclopedia - Chemical Synthesis
In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. This happe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conservation Of Mass: Encyclopedia - Conservation Of Mass
The law of conservation of mass/matter ( The Lomonosov-Lavoisier law ) states that the mass of a system of substances is constant, regard...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weak Acid: Encyclopedia - Weak Acid
Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Stron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acute Phase Protein: Encyclopedia - Acute Phase Protein
Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins that are synthetized in the liver in response to inflammation. This response is called the a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accelerant: Encyclopedia - Accelerant
An accelerant is any substance or mixture that "accelerates" the development of fire. Accelerants are often used to commit arson, and som...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chloramine: Encyclopedia - Chloramine
Chloramine (monochloramine) is a toxic substance (NH2Cl) created by the chemical reaction of ammonia and sodium hypochlorite (chlorine bl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Reaction - Hydrocarbons Plus Group 15 Pnictogen
Organic reaction - Nitrogen containing compounds. Pinner reaction Organic reaction - Phosphorus containing compounds. Reactions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anfo: Encyclopedia - Anfo
ANFO stands for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (most often diesel fuel, sometimes kerosene). It is by far the most widely used explosive in co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C-reactive Protein: Encyclopedia - C-reactive Protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver. It is a member of the pentraxin family of pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rate Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Rate Law - Zero-order Reactions
A zero-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. Increasing the concentration of the reacting species will not...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chloride: Encyclopedia Ii - Chloride - Examples
Chloride ion is banging See the Chlorides category for a larger list. ... See also:Chloride, Chloride - Examples   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Secondary Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Secondary Cell - Charging
During charging, electrons are taken from the anode, leaving it with a positive charge. The electrons are then taken to the cathode givin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rate Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Rate Law - First-order Reactions
A first-order reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be present, but e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rate Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Rate Law - Second-order Reactions
A second-order reaction or bimolecular reaction depends on the concentrations of one second-order reactant, or two first-order reactants....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Secondary Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Secondary Cell - Secondary Cell Sites
[1] Duracell Secondary Cell Batteries [2] Portable Rechargeable Battery Association [3] Batteries in a Portable World [4]Cell Chemistry ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemoluminescence - Bioluminescence
Chemoluminescence takes place in numerous living organisms, the American firefly being a widely studied case of bioluminescence. The fire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Combinatorial Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Combinatorial Chemistry - Introduction
Synthesis of molecules in a combinatorial fashion can quickly lead to large numbers of molecules. For example, a molecule with three poin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Secondary Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Secondary Cell - Advantages/disadvantages
Each secondary cell has its own advantages and disadvantages when compared to other secondary cells and primary cells. Only time and adva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Bioenergetics Of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a physiological phenomenon that coverts solar energy into photochemical energy. This physiological phenomenon may be de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemoluminescence - Ecl
Enzymatic Chemiluminescence (ECL) is a common technique for a variety of detection assays in biology. an horseradish peroxidase molecule ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Reaction - Hydrocarbons Plus Group 17 Halogen
Organic reaction - Alkyl halides RX. ... See also:Organic reaction, Organic reaction - Reactions by reactants: aliphatic compounds, O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Reaction - Hydrocarbons Plus Group 16 Chalcogen
Organic reaction - Oxygen containing compounds. Primary alcohols = SN2 Tertiary alcohols = SN1 Secondary alcohols = SN1 or SN2 (SNX) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalyst: Encyclopedia Ii - Catalyst - Catalysts And Reaction Energetics
Catalysts enable reactions to occur much faster or at lower temperatures because of changes that they induce in the reactants. Catalysts ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Secondary Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Secondary Cell - Active Components
The active components in a secondary cell are the chemicals that make up the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode and cathode are m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - Advantages And Disadvantages
Fuel cell - Environmental effects. A common misconception among the public is that elemental hydrogen is a source of energy. This is no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transition State: Encyclopedia Ii - Transition State - Introduction
A collision between reactant molecules may or may not result in a successful reaction. The outcome depends on factors such as the relativ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Solubility Equilibrium: Encyclopedia Ii - Solubility Equilibrium - Non-ionic Compounds
Dissolution of an organic solid can be described as an equilibrium between the substance in its solid and dissolved forms: We can writ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Kinetics - Enthalpy
In general terms, the standard enthalpy change of reaction determines if a chemical reaction will take place, the kinetics will then tell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Kinetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Kinetics - Enthalpy
In general terms, the standard enthalpy change of reaction determines if a chemical reaction will take place, the kinetics will then tell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cold Fusion: Encyclopedia Ii - Cold Fusion - Other Kinds Of Fusion
A variety of other methods are known to effect nuclear fusion. Some are "cold" in the strict sense that no part of the material is hot (e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equilibrium Constant: Encyclopedia Ii - Equilibrium Constant - Reaction Conditions
A typical equilibrium situation is as below: when the forward reaction is occurring at the same rate as the reverse reaction. For simp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Conservation Of Matter: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Conservation Of Matter - Atoms
According to atomic theory, we could use the number of atoms, not mass, as a measure of matter. This way, the Law can expressed as a stoi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cold Fusion: Encyclopedia Ii - Cold Fusion - Other Kinds Of Fusion
A variety of other methods are known to effect nuclear fusion. Some are "cold" in the strict sense that no part of the material is hot (e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Reaction - Reaction Types
There are five major classifications of chemical reactions. Some common and widely used terms are: Isomerization in which a chemical com...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Reaction - Chemical Kinetics
See main article: Chemical kinetics. The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how the concentration of the involved substances cha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalyst: Encyclopedia Ii - Catalyst - Types Of Catalysts
Catalysts can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Heterogeneous catalysts are present in different phases from the reactants (e.g. a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equilibrium Constant: Encyclopedia Ii - Equilibrium Constant - Applications
There are certain implications of the equilibrium constant. If the value is very large, over 1, the reaction is said to lie to the right ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fusion: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fusion - Important Fusion Reactions
Nuclear fusion - Astrophysical reaction chains. The most important fusion process in nature is that which powers the stars. The net res...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fusion: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fusion - Important Fusion Reactions
Nuclear fusion - Astrophysical reaction chains. The most important fusion process in nature is that which powers the stars. The net res...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Theoretically Possible Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel - Fusion fuels. Most fusion fuels fit in here. They include tritium (3H) and deuterium (2H) as well as helium three (3He)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eutectic: Encyclopedia Ii - Eutectic - Other Critical Points: Eutectoid And Peritectic
When the solution above the transformation point is solid, rather than liquid, an analogous eutectoid transformation can occur. For insta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Basic Reactions
Aromatic nitrations to form nitro compounds take place by generating a nitronium ion from nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Aromatic sulfona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Metal Matrix Composite: Encyclopedia Ii - Metal Matrix Composite - Manufacturing And Forming Methods
MMC manufacturing can be broken into three types: solid, liquid, and vapor. Solid Powder blending and consolidation: Powdered metal and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fries Rearrangement: Encyclopedia Ii - Fries Rearrangement - Mechanism
Despite many efforts a definitive reaction mechanism for the Fries rearrangement is not available. Evidence for inter- and intramolecular...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mass Balance: Encyclopedia Ii - Mass Balance - Differential Mass Balances
These two steps lead to a basic description of the system and its boundaries, in chemical engineering called a reactor model. The three m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amino Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Amino Acid - Overview
Amino acids are the basic structural building units of proteins. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptides which in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hcci: Encyclopedia Ii - Hcci - Operation
HCCI - Methods. A mixture of fuel and air will ignite when the concentration and temperature of reactants is sufficiently high. The con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methamphetamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Methamphetamine - Production
Methamphetamine is structurally similar to methcathinone, amphetamine, and other stimulants, and it may be produced from ephedrine or pse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methamphetamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Methamphetamine - Production
Methamphetamine is structurally similar to methcathinone, amphetamine, and other stimulants, and it may be produced from ephedrine or pse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methamphetamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Methamphetamine - Production
Methamphetamine is structurally similar to methcathinone, amphetamine, and other stimulants, and it may be produced from ephedrine or pse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chloride: Encyclopedia - Chloride
The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalysis: Encyclopedia - Catalysis
In chemistry and biology, catalysis is the acceleration of the reaction rate of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a cat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalysis: Encyclopedia - Catalysis
In chemistry and biology, catalysis is the acceleration of the reaction rate of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a cat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hess's Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Hess's Law - Definition And Uses
Hess's Law is used to predict the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction (ΔH). The law states that because enthalpy is a state function...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemoluminescence - Liquid-phase Reactions
Luminol in an alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper[1], or an auxiliary oxidant[2], produces chemolu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Secondary Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Secondary Cell - Energy Density
The comparison of energy output of the active components to the overall size of a cell and those components is known as energy density. M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Reaction - Reaction Types
There are five major classifications of chemical reactions. Some common and widely used terms are: Isomerisation in which a chemical com...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Reaction - Reaction Types
There are five major classifications of chemical reactions. Some common and widely used terms are: Isomerization in which a chemical com...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - Science
In the archetypal example of a hydrogen/oxygen proton-exchange membrane (or "polymer electrolyte") fuel cell (PEMFC), a proton-conducting...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - History
The principle of the fuel cell was discovered by Swiss scientist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838 and published in the January 1839...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - The Fuel Cell Industry
United Technologies (UTX) was the first company to manufacture fuel cells. In the 1960s the company provided NASA with fuel cells to gene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - Efficiency
A fuel cell typically converts the chemical energy of its fuel into electricity with an efficiency of about 50%. (The rest of the energy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemoluminescence: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemoluminescence - Gas-phase Reactions
One of the oldest known chemoluminescent reactions is that of elemental white phosphorus oxidizing in moist air, producing a green glow. ...   » Read the article