Raya Dunayevskaya

Born in Ukraine, Dunayevskaya immigrated to the United States and joined the SWP early in her career. As a native Russian speaker, she was asked to join the staff of Leon Trotsky in Mexico City. She returned to the USA in 1939. In 1940 she took part in the split in the SWP that led to the formation of the Workers Party (WP) headed by Max Shachtman. Within the WP, she formed the Johnson-Forest Tendency alongside C. L. R. James (she being "Freddie Forest" and he "J.R. Johnson", named for their party cadre names). The tendency argued that the Soviet Union was state capitalist, while the WP majority ma ...

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Raya Dunayevskaya, Raya Dunayevskaya - Biography, Raya Dunayevskaya - Works, Raya Dunayevskaya - Books, Raya Dunayevskaya - Introductions

Read more here: » Raya Dunayevskaya: Encyclopedia II - Raya Dunayevskaya - Biography

Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was a journalist, socialist theorist and writer. C. L. R. James - Birth and early career. Born in Trinidad and Tobago, on the island of Trinidad, he attended the Queen's Royal College in Port of Spain before becoming a cricket journalist and also writing fiction. Together with Albert Gomes and Alfred Mendes, he was a member of the Beacon Group, a circle of writers associated with The Beacon magazine. In 1932, he moved to Nelson in Lancas ...

Including:

• C. L. R. James - Birth and early career
• C. L. R. James - London years
• C. L. R. James - US career and the Johnson-Forest Tendency
• C. L. R. James - Return to Trinidad and final years
• C. L. R. James - Bibliography

Read more here: » C. L. R. James: Encyclopedia - C. L. R. James

A pseudonym (Greek: false name) is a fictitious name used by an individual as an alternative to his or her legal name. A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another actual person assumed by one person, usually historical, in authorship of a work of art; e.g., when ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the '50s, '60s, and '70s. To be pseudonymous means that the person is using a pseudonym. The concept of real ...

Including:

• Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print
• Pseudonym - Regnal name
• Pseudonym - Nom de guerre
• Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre
• Pseudonym - Radio
• Pseudonym - Computers
• Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment
• Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Read more here: » Pseudonym: Encyclopedia - Pseudonym

Some of Hegel's writing was intended for those with advanced knowledge of philosophy, although his "Encyclopedia" was intended as a textbook in a university course. Nevertheless, like many philosophers, Hegel assumed that his readers would be well-versed in Western philosophy, up to and including Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Fichte, and Schelling. For those wishing to read his work without this background, introductions to Hegel and commentaries about Hegel may suffice. However, even this is hotly debated since the reader must choose from ...

See also:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Teachings, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Life and work, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Left and right Hegelianism, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Triads, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Detractors, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Advocates, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Major works, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Secondary literature, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel texts online

Read more here: » Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Encyclopedia II - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy

List of Ukrainians - Actors. Elina Bystritskaya George Dzundza Lyudmila Gurchenko Milla Jovovich Roman Kartsev Mila Kunis Vasily Lanovoy Ana Layevska Paul Muni Ivan Mykolaychuk Alla Nazimova Zhanna Prokhorenko Ada Rohovtseva Yakov Smirnoff John Spencer B ...

See also:

List of Ukrainians, List of Ukrainians - Athletes, List of Ukrainians - Artists, List of Ukrainians - Actors, List of Ukrainians - Composers, List of Ukrainians - Film and theater directors, List of Ukrainians - Musicians, List of Ukrainians - Painters, List of Ukrainians - Poets, List of Ukrainians - Sculptors, List of Ukrainians - Writers, List of Ukrainians - Other performing artists, List of Ukrainians - Business, List of Ukrainians - Cosmonauts, List of Ukrainians - Cossack Hetmans, List of Ukrainians - Academics, List of Ukrainians - Biologists/Physicians, List of Ukrainians - Chemists, List of Ukrainians - Computer scientists, List of Ukrainians - Economists, List of Ukrainians - Engineers, List of Ukrainians - Historians, List of Ukrainians - Mathematicians, List of Ukrainians - Physicists, List of Ukrainians - Other academics, List of Ukrainians - Politicians, List of Ukrainians - Ukrainian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Zionists and Israeli politicians, List of Ukrainians - Bolsheviks and Soviet politicians, List of Ukrainians - Soviet dissidents, List of Ukrainians - Russian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Polish politicians, List of Ukrainians - Military Figures, List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists, List of Ukrainians - Orthodox Christian and Greek Catholic, List of Ukrainians - Jewish, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Parents born in Ukraine, List of Ukrainians - See Also

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The Correspondence Publishing Committee has its origins in the Johnson-Forest Tendency led by C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya. Its origins are as a Trotskyist organization but it developed a number of highly original ideas including the notion that the Soviet Union was a State Capitalist society, an emphasis on Hegelian theory as a way of understanding the world and a rejection of the Leninist vanguard party. It also sought to focus more energy on the political issues affec ...

See also:

Correspondence Publishing Committee, Correspondence Publishing Committee - History, Correspondence Publishing Committee - Facing Reality, Correspondence Publishing Committee - Sources

Read more here: » Correspondence Publishing Committee: Encyclopedia II - Correspondence Publishing Committee - History

The Socialist Workers Party, founded in 1938, traces its origins back to the former Communist League of America. The CLA had been founded in 1928 by members of the Communist Party USA expelled for supporting Russian Communist leader Leon Trotsky against Josef Stalin. In 1934, the Communist League of America merged with the American Workers Party led by A.J. Muste, forming the Workers Party of America. The members of that organization, in turn, joined the Socialist Party of America in 1936. The Socialist Party soon expelled the former Workers Party m ...

See also:

Socialist Workers Party United States, Socialist Workers Party United States - Origins, Socialist Workers Party United States - Post-War, Socialist Workers Party United States - Cold War, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1960s, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1970s and new leadership, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1980s and after, Socialist Workers Party United States - 2004 Presidential Election, Socialist Workers Party United States - SWP National Secretaries, Socialist Workers Party United States - Presidential candidates from 1948, Socialist Workers Party United States - Other leading members

Read more here: » Socialist Workers Party United States: Encyclopedia II - Socialist Workers Party United States - Origins

Some of Hegel's writing was intended for those with advanced knowledge of philosophy, although his "Encyclopedia" was intended as a textbook in a university course. Nevertheless, like many philosophers, Hegel assumed that his readers would be well-versed in Western philosophy, up to and including Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Fichte, and Schelling. For those wishing to read his work without this background, introductions to Hegel and commentaries about Hegel may suffice. However, even this is hotly debated since the reader must choose from ...

See also:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Life and work, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Detractors, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Advocates, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Major works, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Secondary literature, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel texts online

Read more here: » Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Encyclopedia II - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy

Facing Reality originated in the Johnson-Forest Tendency led by C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya. It has its origins in the Trotskyist left but regarded the Soviet Union as state capitalist. By 1951, the Johnson-Forest Tendency had left the Trotskyist left to form its own organization known as Correspondence Publishing Committee. C.L.R. James was forced into exile in Britain the early 1950s and Correspondence split. The faction that stayed loyal to C.L.R. James retained the name, the Correspondence Publishing Committee and continued to rec ...

See also:

Facing Reality, Facing Reality - History, Facing Reality - Political Impact, Facing Reality - Sources

Read more here: » Facing Reality: Encyclopedia II - Facing Reality - History

Born Grace Lee in Providence, Rhode Island, she was the Asian-American daughter of a restaurant owner. Her mother acted as an early feminist role model. She studied at Barnard College on a scholarship and graduated in 1935 where she was influenced by Kant and especially Hegel. She received her PhD from Bryn Mawr College in 1940 where she wrote her dissertation on George Herbert Mead. Facing significant barriers in the academic world as a woman of color in the 1940s, she took a job at low wages at the University of Chicago Philosophy Library. ...

See also:

Grace Lee Boggs, Grace Lee Boggs - Biography, Grace Lee Boggs - Works, Grace Lee Boggs - Sources

Read more here: » Grace Lee Boggs: Encyclopedia II - Grace Lee Boggs - Biography

The Socialist Workers Party, founded in 1938, traces its origins back to the former Communist League of America. The CLA had been founded in 1928 by members of the Communist Party USA expelled for supporting Russian Communist leader Leon Trotsky against Joseph Stalin. In 1934, the Communist League of America merged with the American Workers Party led by A.J. Muste, forming the Workers Party of America. The members of that organization, in turn, joined the Socialist Party of America in 1936. The Socialist Party soon expelled the former Workers Party m ...

See also:

Socialist Workers Party United States, Socialist Workers Party United States - Origins, Socialist Workers Party United States - Post-War, Socialist Workers Party United States - Cold War, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1960s, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1970s and new leadership, Socialist Workers Party United States - 1980s and after, Socialist Workers Party United States - 2004 Presidential Election, Socialist Workers Party United States - SWP National Secretaries, Socialist Workers Party United States - Presidential candidates from 1948, Socialist Workers Party United States - Other leading members

Read more here: » Socialist Workers Party United States: Encyclopedia II - Socialist Workers Party United States - Origins

Socialist Workers Party UK - Origins. The SWP's origins lie in the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP), which Tony Cliff joined on his arrival from Palestine where he had been the central leader of that country's small section of the Fourth International (FI). Given his international reputation Cliff was co-opted onto the leadership body of the RCP although his impact was small at the time given his limited command of English. Indeed his idiosyncratic use of the English lanuage was to be a subject of ...

See also:

Socialist Workers Party UK, Socialist Workers Party UK - Publications, Socialist Workers Party UK - Leadership, Socialist Workers Party UK - Theory, Socialist Workers Party UK - State Capitalism, Socialist Workers Party UK - Deflected Permanant Revolution, Socialist Workers Party UK - The permanent arms economy, Socialist Workers Party UK - History, Socialist Workers Party UK - Origins, Socialist Workers Party UK - Socialist Review Group 1950-1962, Socialist Workers Party UK - International Socialists 1962-1977, Socialist Workers Party UK - Socialist Workers Party 1977 onwards, Socialist Workers Party UK - The 1980s, Socialist Workers Party UK - Recent and current activities, Socialist Workers Party UK - Criticism

Read more here: » Socialist Workers Party UK: Encyclopedia II - Socialist Workers Party UK - History

Glaberman was associated with the Johnson-Forest Tendency, a radical left group that split from the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party, which understood the Soviet Union as a state capitalist society rather than as a degenerated workers' state. In 1950, the Johnson-Forest Tendency left the Trotskyist movement and became known as the Correspondence Publishing Committee. When this group suffered a major split in 1955 with a large number supporting Raya Dunayevskaya or Forest of Johnson-Forest and forming a new group called News and Letters, Gl ...

See also:

Martin Glaberman, Martin Glaberman - Biography, Martin Glaberman - Works, Martin Glaberman - Books, Martin Glaberman - Pamphlets, Martin Glaberman - Sources

Read more here: » Martin Glaberman: Encyclopedia II - Martin Glaberman - Biography

In 1933, James moved to London. James had begun to campaign for the independence of the West Indies while in Trinidad, and his Life of Captain Cipriani and the pamphlet The Case for West-Indian Self Government were his first important published works, but now he became a leading champion of Pan-African agitation and the Chair of the International African Friends of Abyssinia, formed in 1935 in response to Fascist Italy's invasion of what is now Ethiopia. He then became a leading figure in the International African Service Burea ...

See also:

C. L. R. James, C. L. R. James - Birth and early career, C. L. R. James - London years, C. L. R. James - US career and the Johnson-Forest Tendency, C. L. R. James - Return to Trinidad and final years, C. L. R. James - Bibliography

Read more here: » C. L. R. James: Encyclopedia II - C. L. R. James - London years

When used by an author, a pseudonym is also called a pen name (or in French nom de plume.) Some authors use pseudonyms for a variety of reasons; for example, to experiment with a new genre without the risk of upsetting regular readers. One author may have several pseudonyms depending on the genre. This use of pseudonyms is especially common if the new genre is of a somewhat risqué nature; such was the case of Pauline Réage, the pseudonym under which an editorial secretary with a reputation of near-prudery published Histoire d'O (Story of O), an ...

See also:

Pseudonym, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print, Pseudonym - Regnal name, Pseudonym - Nom de guerre, Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre, Pseudonym - Radio, Pseudonym - Computers, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment, Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Read more here: » Pseudonym: Encyclopedia II - Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print

Pseudonyms are adopted by resistance fighters, terrorists and guerrillas often to make enquiries more difficult, to create and maintain an aura of mystery, and to protect their families from reprisal, although other reasons often may exist. The expression nom de guerre (IPA: /nɒm də gɛɹ/, "name of war") is often used for such pseudonyms, though this expression is rarely, if ever, actually used in French. It is occasionally used as a ...

See also:

Pseudonym, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print, Pseudonym - Regnal name, Pseudonym - Nom de guerre, Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre, Pseudonym - Radio, Pseudonym - Computers, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment, Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Read more here: » Pseudonym: Encyclopedia II - Pseudonym - Nom de guerre

Martin Glaberman - Books. Wartime Strikes: The Struggles Against the No-Strike Pledge in the UAW during World War Two Martin Glaberman - Pamphlets. Punching Out (1952) Union Committeemen and Wildcat Strikes (1955) Be His Payment High or Low: The American Working Class of the 1960s (1966) Mao as Dialectician (1971) ...

See also:

Martin Glaberman, Martin Glaberman - Biography, Martin Glaberman - Works, Martin Glaberman - Books, Martin Glaberman - Pamphlets, Martin Glaberman - Sources

Read more here: » Martin Glaberman: Encyclopedia II - Martin Glaberman - Works

Hegel was fascinated by the works of Spinoza, Kant, Rousseau, and Goethe, and by the French Revolution. Modern philosophy, culture, and society seemed to Hegel fraught with contradictions and tensions, such as those between the subject and object of knowledge, mind and nature, self and other, freedom and authority, knowledge and faith, the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Hegel's main philosophical project was to take these contradictions and tensions and interpret them as part of a comprehensive, evolving, rational unity that, in different conte ...

See also:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Teachings, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Life and work, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Left and right Hegelianism, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Triads, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Detractors, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Advocates, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Major works, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Secondary literature, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel texts online

Read more here: » Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Encyclopedia II - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Teachings

Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century. (with James Boggs). (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974). Women and the Movement to Build a New America (Detroit: National Organization for an American Revolution, 1977). Conversations in Maine: Exploring Our Nation's Future (with James Boggs, Freddy Paine and Lyman Paine). (Boston: South End Press, 1978). Living for Change: An Autobiography (Minneapol ...

See also:

Grace Lee Boggs, Grace Lee Boggs - Biography, Grace Lee Boggs - Works, Grace Lee Boggs - Sources

Read more here: » Grace Lee Boggs: Encyclopedia II - Grace Lee Boggs - Works

The SWP describes itself as a 'revolutionary socialist party' and considers itself to stand in the 'tradition' of Leon Trotsky. Its supporters often refer to their beliefs as 'socialism from below', which term can be attributed to Hal Draper. They see this as distinguishing themselves from other socialist groups, particularly both from reformist parties, such as (the Labour Party) and from various forms of what they disparagingly term 'Stalinism'—forms of socialism usually associated with the former Soviet Bloc and the old Communist Partie ...

See also:

Socialist Workers Party UK, Socialist Workers Party UK - Publications, Socialist Workers Party UK - Leadership, Socialist Workers Party UK - Theory, Socialist Workers Party UK - State Capitalism, Socialist Workers Party UK - Deflected Permanant Revolution, Socialist Workers Party UK - The permanent arms economy, Socialist Workers Party UK - History, Socialist Workers Party UK - Origins, Socialist Workers Party UK - Socialist Review Group 1950-1962, Socialist Workers Party UK - International Socialists 1962-1977, Socialist Workers Party UK - Socialist Workers Party 1977 onwards, Socialist Workers Party UK - The 1980s, Socialist Workers Party UK - Recent and current activities, Socialist Workers Party UK - Criticism

Read more here: » Socialist Workers Party UK: Encyclopedia II - Socialist Workers Party UK - Theory