Definition and meaning of sit-in:

sit-in

A sit-in was a nonviolent resistance technique associated with the civil-rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. It was used effectively by blacks protesting racism in public lunch counters in the South in the early 1960s.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Insurance :

A contract whereby an insurer promises to pay the insured a sum of money or some other benefit upon the happening of one or more uncertain events in exchange for the payment of a premium. There must be uncertainty as to whether the relevant event(s) may happen at all or, if they will occur (e.g. death) as to their timing.

(Source Lloyd's )

Also see these pages: Insurance , Insurance, Insurance Sitemap, Insurance Dictionary - I

The terms racialism and racialist is sometimes used by those who think it is a different concept in which negativity or hatred is not prescribed. People who call themselves "racialists" tend to be separatists (white nationalists or sometimes black nationalists) and sometimes see a difference between themselves and racial supremacists. Many people who study racism, such as Betty A. Dobratz and Stephanie Shanks-Meile, contend that terms such as white separatism and white nationalism are euphemisms that have b ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Related terminology

Minstrel-show characters played a powerful role in shaping assumptions about African Americans. However, unlike vehemently anti-black propaganda from the time, minstrelsy made this attitude palatable to a wide audience by couching it in the guise of well intentioned paternalism.[64] Black Americans were in turn expected to uphold these stereotypes, or else risk white retaliation. Some were even killed for defying their minstrelsy-defined roles. ...

See also:

Minstrel show, Minstrel show - History, Minstrel show - Early development, Minstrel show - Height, Minstrel show - Decline, Minstrel show - Black minstrelsy, Minstrel show - Structure, Minstrel show - Characters, Minstrel show - Music and dance, Minstrel show - Legacy, Minstrel show - Notes

Read more here: » Minstrel show: Encyclopedia II - Minstrel show - Legacy

Black nationalism - Marcus Garvey. Marcus Garvey urged Africans "at home and abroad" to be proud of their race and preached "African Redemption". To this end he founded the Negro World newspaper to disseminate the UNIA's program, the Black Star Line in 1919 to provide steamship transportation, and the Negro Factories Corporation to encourage black economic independence. Garvey attracted thousands of supporters and claimed eleven million members for the UNIA. Garvey set the ...

Including:

• Black nationalism - Background
• Black nationalism - Marcus Garvey
• Black nationalism - Malcolm X
• Black nationalism - Frantz Fanon
• Black nationalism - Black Power
• Black nationalism - Black Panther Party
• Black nationalism - The concept of race
• Black nationalism - A critical view
• Black nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » Black nationalism: Encyclopedia - Black nationalism

D-Flame grew up in Frankfurt where he encountered racism at an early age, often witnessing how his mother was insulted in spiteful fashion. His childhood experiences alongside his literary encounters with Black Power icons like Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X, shaped his outlook on life strongly. He grew up with Jamaican reggae and African American soul music. He encountered hip hop music at a young age, in the early 1980s when he first heard the Sugarhill Gang's Rapper’s Delight at a party. From then he was captivated, participating in the mid-1980s breakdance wave in Germany and wor ...

See also:

D-Flame, D-Flame - Biography, D-Flame - Music, D-Flame - Discography

Read more here: » D-Flame: Encyclopedia II - D-Flame - Biography

One view of the origins of racism emphasizes stereotypes, which psychologists generally believe are influenced by cultural factors. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. A "white" person walking after dark in a primarily "black" neighborhood in an American city might be anxious for a combination of reasons. The same may be said for a black person walking in a white neighborhood. A police officer who spends most of his day in that same ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - Turkey, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Origins of racism

Racism may be expressed individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially and unconsciously, through institutions that promote inequalities among "races", as in institutional racism. Although some speakers attempt to express a semantic distinction by using the word racism rather than racialism (or vice versa), many treat the terms as synonymous (see below). The concept of "Hate speech" has been created in order to prosecute discriminative discourse, which may be penalized in various countries (US, ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - Turkey, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Expressions

One view of the origins of racism emphasizes stereotypes, which psychologists generally believe are influenced by cultural factors. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. A "white" person walking after dark in a primarily "black" neighborhood in an American city might be anxious for a combination of reasons. The same may be said for an African-American walking in a white neighborhood. A police officer who spends most of his day in that ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Origins of racism

Vedic Astrology and Mental, Emotional and Spiritual Health

In order to maintain a healthy mind we must realize the true realities of life. Therefore we must consider our spiritual nature to understand the subtleties of mind, intelligence and ego. Accordingly mental, emotional and spiritual health go together and, unless you have some knowledge in this regard, you cannot stop the onslaught of negative emotions brought on by ignorance and fear. We not only need to engage ourselves in some sort of fulfilling work to occupy our minds but need to understand why we fall victim to feelings of hate, envy, greed and avarice. These emotions only serve to destroy us intellectually, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. Why is there so much hate in the world, anyway?

Excerpt from "An Introduction to Vedic Astrology" by Howard Beckman

Read more here: » Vedic Astrology: Vedic Astrology and Mental, Emotional and Spiritual Health

On this day in 1893, Swami Vivekananda addressed the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago. At the opening address, Charles Bonney, the Chicago lawyer who organised the congress, said: "The very basis of our convocation is the idea that the representatives of each religion sincerely believe it is the truest and best of all." In this context, Vivekananda 's "talisman of tolerance" was a vibrant civilisational message to the world from the soul of India.

Vivekananda's words gave the World Parliament a defining focus. He began by saying he was "proud to belong to a religion which had taught the world tolerance and universal acceptance". He explained that "we believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true". He said he was proud that his nation had always sheltered the persecuted - like it had, for instance, fleeing Israelites and Zoroastrians.

(See also: Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: Universal Acceptance For Lasting Peace

Racism - The word and the concept of race. Further information: Race (historical definitions) Before considering racism, it is an important methodological point to distinguish historically when the concepts of "race" and "racism" became known as such. Historians disagree largely when "race" emerged as a concept, ranging from those who believe aspects of it have always existed among humans, to those who place it as a concept separate from general dis ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - Turkey, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - From racial theory to racism

Parks received most of her national accolades very late in life, with relatively few awards and honors being given to her until many decades after the Montgomery Bus Boycott. In 1979, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People awarded Parks the Spingarn Medal, its highest honor, and she received the Martin Luther King Sr. Award the next year. She was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1983 for her achievements in civil rights. In 1990, she was called at the last moment to be part of the group welcoming Nel ...

See also:

Rosa Parks, Rosa Parks - Early years, Rosa Parks - Civil rights activism, Rosa Parks - Events leading up to boycott, Rosa Parks - Bus protest and arrest, Rosa Parks - Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks - Browder v. Gayle, Rosa Parks - Later years, Rosa Parks - Lawsuits, Rosa Parks - Death and funeral, Rosa Parks - Awards and honors, Rosa Parks - Notes

Read more here: » Rosa Parks: Encyclopedia II - Rosa Parks - Awards and honors

Adam Heimlich, in the New York Press, noted the effect of Nuwaubian teachings on hip-hop: By the time hip hop started taking off, Dr. York was already a prominent teacher of alternative black cultural knowledge, working extensively with young people. He was also an active musician and producer (played disco/r&b), with knowledge of the industry and access to studio equipment. Doug E. Fresh and Afrika Bambaataa were among the old-schoolers who benefited from Doc’s guidance, according to the teacher ...

See also:

Nuwaubianism, Nuwaubianism - Introduction, Nuwaubianism - Black Nationalism / Right Racism, Nuwaubianism - Cosmology: Illyuwn and Rizq, Nuwaubianism - Other curious beliefs, Nuwaubianism - Human origins, Nuwaubianism - Animal origins, Nuwaubianism - Anti-Nubian conspiracies, Nuwaubianism - Extra-Terra-Astrals, Nuwaubianism - The Barathary Gland, Nuwaubianism - Time and dimensions, Nuwaubianism - Etymologies, Nuwaubianism - Politics, Nuwaubianism - Official recognition, Nuwaubianism - Costume, Nuwaubianism - Nuwaubian influence on musical culture, Nuwaubianism - Some nuwaubian groups, Nuwaubianism - Additional information

Read more here: » Nuwaubianism: Encyclopedia II - Nuwaubianism - Nuwaubian influence on musical culture

Human - Anatomy and physiology. Main articles: Human anatomy, Human physical appearance & Human height Humans exhibit fully bipedal locomotion. This leaves the forelimbs available for manipulating objects using opposable thumbs. Humans vary substantially around the mean height and mean weight. Some of this variation is explained by locality and historical factors. Although body size is largely determined by genes, it is also significantly influenced by diet and ...

See also:

Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Population, Human - Human evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Body image, Human - Trade and economics, Human - Artifacts technology and science, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia II - Human - Biology

Various historians and commentators have criticized Gandhi for his attitudes regarding Hitler and Nazism, including statements to the effect that the Jews would win God's love if they willingly went to their deaths as martyrs. [3] [4] Penn and Teller, in an episode of their Showtime program Bullshit! ("Holier than Thou"), attacked Gandhi for, amongst other things, hypocrisy for perceived inconsistent stands on nonviolence, alleged inappropriate behavior with wom ...

See also:

Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914, Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations, Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945, Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda, Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact, Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose, Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India, Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947, Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence, Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words, Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles, Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India, Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi - Satya, Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism, Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy, Mahatma Gandhi - Silence, Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living, Mahatma Gandhi - Religion, Mahatma Gandhi - Faith, Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism, Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition, Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions, Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India, Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi

Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism

Complicating the issue of Melungeon origins is the lack of a clear consensus on exactly who should be included under that term. Almost every author on this subject gives a slightly different list of Melungeon-associated surnames, but the British surnames Collins and Gibson appear most frequently (genealogist Pat Elder calls them "core" surnames). Many researchers also include Bowling, Bunch, Denham, Goins, Goodman, Minor, Mise, Moore, Mullins, Williams, and several others (though this does not mean that all families with these surnames are M ...

See also:

Melungeon, Melungeon - Origins, Melungeon - Legends, Melungeon - Etymology, Melungeon - Modern identity, Melungeon - DNA testing, Melungeon - Potentially related groups

Read more here: » Melungeon: Encyclopedia II - Melungeon - Origins

Architecture Cinema Comic books Cuisine Dance Literature Music Poetry Sculpture Television Theater Visual arts American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. For more specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United Stat ...

Including:

• American literature - Overview
• American literature - Colonial literature
• American literature - Early U.S. literature
• American literature - Unique American style
• American literature - American lyric
• American literature - Realism Twain and James
• American literature - Turn of the century
• American literature - Theater
• American literature - Post-World War II
• American literature - Post-Postmodernism and Other Recent Movements
• American literature - Modern humorist literature
• American literature - Southern literature
• American literature - Jewish writers
• American literature - African American literature
• American literature - Other ethnic minority and immigrant literatures
• American literature - Other genres
• American literature - External link

Read more here: » American literature: Encyclopedia - American literature

Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all aspects of civilization; rather, most have argued that civilization brings a mixture of good and bad effects, and that the bad outweigh the good. The best known opponents of civilization are people who have voluntarily chosen to live outside it. These include hermits and religious ascetics who, in many different times and places, have attempted to eliminate the influence of civilization over thei ...

See also:

Civilization, Civilization - Senses of the word, Civilization - 1: Literal and technical definitions, Civilization - 2: Broader sense, Civilization - 3: Human society as a whole, Civilization - 4: A standard of behavior, Civilization - 5: Superior vs. less complex societies, Civilization - What characterizes civilization, Civilization - Civilization as a cultural identity, Civilization - Civilizations as complex systems, Civilization - The future of civilizations, Civilization - Negative views of civilization, Civilization - Problems with the term civilization, Civilization - Early civilizations, Civilization - Mesopotamia, Civilization - Egypt, Civilization - India, Civilization - China

Read more here: » Civilization: Encyclopedia II - Civilization - Negative views of civilization

Self-hate among blacks has generally occurred since they first came into contact with foreign powers. Slave owners frequently enlisted the aid of black intermediaries. The enthusiasm of tribal leaders to sell their people has often been presented as a justification for the exploitation and colonization of the African continent, on the basis that blacks are not capable of forming cohesive, lawful societies. Many have suggested that the attitude of these bla ...

See also:

Afrophobia, Afrophobia - Word origins, Afrophobia - Afrophobia in Europe, Afrophobia - Afrophobia in the United States, Afrophobia - Afrophobia in Africa, Afrophobia - Afrophobia in the Arab world, Afrophobia - Afrophobia in Asia, Afrophobia - Afrophobia among Blacks

Read more here: » Afrophobia: Encyclopedia II - Afrophobia - Afrophobia among Blacks