Race - History of the term. Further information: Race (historical definitions) Given our visual acuity and complex social relationships, humans presumably have always observed and speculated about the physical differences among individuals and groups. But different societies have attributed markedly different meanings to these distinctions. The division of humanity into distinct "races" can be traced as far back as the Ancient Egyptian sacred text the Book ...

See also:

Race, Race - Historical origins of race, Race - History of the term, Race - History of race research, Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race, Race - Summary of different definitions of race, Race - The origins patterns and physical manifestations of human genetic variation, Race - Origins of modern humans, Race - Distribution of variation, Race - Substructure in the human population, Race - Physical variation in humans, Race - Social interpretation of physical variation, Race - Incongruities of racial classifications, Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people, Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people, Race - Current disagreement across disciplines, Race - Case studies in the social construction of race, Race - Race in the United States, Race - Race in Brazil, Race - Practical uses of race, Race - Race in politics and ethics, Race - Race and intelligence, Race - Race in biomedicine, Race - Race in law enforcement, Race - Footnotes

Read more here: » Race: Encyclopedia II - Race - Historical origins of race

See also:

Race, Race - Historical origins of race, Race - History of the term, Race - History of race research, Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race, Race - Scale of race research, Race - Summary of different definitions of race, Race - The origins patterns and physical manifestations of human genetic variation, Race - Origins of modern humans, Race - Distribution of variation, Race - Substructure in the human population, Race - Physical variation in humans, Race - Social interpretation of physical variation, Race - Incongruities of racial classifications, Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people, Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people, Race - Current disagreement across disciplines, Race - Case studies in the social construction of race, Race - Race in the United States, Race - Race in Brazil, Race - Practical uses of race, Race - Race in politics and ethics, Race - Race and intelligence, Race - Race in biomedicine, Race - Race in law enforcement, Race - Footnotes

Read more here: » Race: Encyclopedia II - Race - Historical origins of race

Race - Race in politics and ethics. Racial classifications were used during the Enlightenment to justify enslavement of those deemed to be of "inferior", non-White races, and thus supposedly best fitted for lives of toil under White supervision. These classifications made the distance between races seem nearly as broad as that between species, easing unsettling questions about the appropriateness of such treatment of humans. The practice was at the time generally a ...

See also:

Race, Race - Historical origins of race, Race - History of the term, Race - History of race research, Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race, Race - Scale of race research, Race - Summary of different definitions of race, Race - The origins patterns and physical manifestations of human genetic variation, Race - Origins of modern humans, Race - Distribution of variation, Race - Substructure in the human population, Race - Physical variation in humans, Race - Social interpretation of physical variation, Race - Incongruities of racial classifications, Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people, Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people, Race - Current disagreement across disciplines, Race - Case studies in the social construction of race, Race - Race in the United States, Race - Race in Brazil, Race - Practical uses of race, Race - Race in politics and ethics, Race - Race and intelligence, Race - Race in biomedicine, Race - Race in law enforcement, Race - Footnotes

Read more here: » Race: Encyclopedia II - Race - Practical uses of race

A race is a population of humans distinguished from other populations. The most widely used racial categories are based on visible traits (especially skin color and facial features), genes, and self-identification. Conceptions of race, as well as specific racial groupings, vary by culture and time and are often controversial due to their impact on social identity and hence identity politics. Since the 1940s, evolutionary scientists have rejected the view of race according to which a number of finite lists of essential ch ...

Including:

• Race - Historical origins of race
• Race - History of the term
• Race - History of race research
• Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race
• Race - Scale of race research
• Race - Summary of different definitions of race
• Race - The origins patterns and physical manifestations of human genetic variation
• Race - Origins of modern humans
• Race - Distribution of variation
• Race - Substructure in the human population
• Race - Physical variation in humans
• Race - Social interpretation of physical variation
• Race - Incongruities of racial classifications
• Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people
• Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people
• Race - Current disagreement across disciplines
• Race - Case studies in the social construction of race
• Race - Race in the United States
• Race - Race in Brazil
• Race - Practical uses of race
• Race - Race in politics and ethics
• Race - Race and intelligence
• Race - Race in biomedicine
• Race - Race in law enforcement
• Race - Footnotes

Read more here: » Race: Encyclopedia - Race

Race - Origins of modern humans. see also single-origin hypothesis, multiregional hypothesis. Any biological model for race must account for the development of racial differences during human evolution. For much of the 20th century, however, anthropologists relied on an incomplete fossil record for reconstructing human evolution. Their models seldom provided a firm basis for drawing inferences about the origin of races. Modern research in molecular biology, however, has provided evolut ...

See also:

Race, Race - Historical origins of race, Race - History of the term, Race - History of race research, Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race, Race - Scale of race research, Race - Summary of different definitions of race, Race - The origins, patterns, and physical manifestations of human genetic variation, Race - Origins of modern humans, Race - Distribution of variation, Race - Substructure in the human population, Race - Physical variation in humans, Race - Social interpretation of physical variation, Race - Incongruities of racial classifications, Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people, Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people, Race - Current disagreement across disciplines, Race - Case studies in the social construction of race, Race - Race in the United States, Race - Race in Brazil, Race - Practical uses of race, Race - Race in politics and ethics, Race - Race and intelligence, Race - Race in biomedicine, Race - Race in law enforcement, Race - Footnotes

Read more here: » Race: Encyclopedia II - Race - The origins, patterns, and physical manifestations of human genetic variation

Audi is an automobile maker in Germany, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi's German tagline is "Vorsprung durch Technik". The tagline is used either in original or in its English translation "Advantage through Technology". Audi - History. Audi - The origins of Audi. The company traces its origins back to 1899 and August Horch. The first Horch automobile was produced in 1901 in Zwickau, ...

Including:

• Audi - History
• Audi - The origins of Audi
• Audi - The Auto Union era
• Audi - Pause and a new start
• Audi - The modern era of Audi
• Audi - Auto racing
• Audi - Rallying
• Audi - Touring cars
• Audi - Sports car racing
• Audi - Technology
• Audi - Models
• Audi - Production cars
• Audi - Historical models
• Audi - Future models
• Audi - Concepts

Read more here: » Audi: Encyclopedia - Audi

The "Big Apple" is a nickname or alternate toponym for New York City. Its popularity since the 1970s is due to a promotional campaign by the New York Convention and Visitor's Bureau. Its earlier origins are less clear. The most plausible explanation cited as of 2004 by the New-York Historical Society and others is that it was first popularized by John J. Fitz Gerald, who first used it in his horse racing column in the New York Morning Telegraph in 1921, then further explaining its origins in his Febr ...

Including:

• Big Apple - Spanish theory

Read more here: » Big Apple: Encyclopedia - Big Apple

The Horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of the ten modern species of the genus Equus. It has long played an important role in transport, whether ridden or used for pulling vehicles. They are also used for food. Though horses may have been domesticated in one isolated locale in 4500 BC, the unequivocal date of (1) domestication and (2) use as a means of transport dates to no earlier than circa 2000 BC, evidenced by the Sintashta chariot buri ...

Including:

• Horse - Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species
• Horse - Wild vs. feral horses
• Horse - Other equids
• Horse - Evolution
• Horse - Natural History of the horse
• Horse - Specialized vocabulary
• Horse - Words for gaits
• Horse - Words relating to horses
• Horse - Words relating to horse anatomy
• Horse - Horse coat colors and markings
• Horse - The origin of modern horse breeds
• Horse - Breeds studbooks purebreds and landraces
• Horse - Hotbloods warmbloods and coldbloods
• Horse - Horses in sport today
• Horse - Racing in all its forms
• Horse - Show Sports
• Horse - Other horse sports
• Horse - Criticism of horses in sport
• Horse - Miscellaneous
• Horse - Weight
• Horse - Saddling and mounting
• Horse - Zodiac
• Horse - Horse meat

Read more here: » Horse: Encyclopedia - Horse

Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, autosport or motorsport) is a sport involving racing automobiles. Motor racing or motorsport may also mean motorcycle racing, and can include motorboat racing and air racing. It is one of the world's most popular spectator sports and perhaps the most thoroughly commercialized. Auto racing - History. Auto racing - The Start. Auto racing began almost immediately after the construction of the first suc ...

Including:

• Auto racing - History
• Auto racing - The Start
• Auto racing - City to city racing
• Auto racing - 1910-1950
• Auto racing - Categories
• Auto racing - Single-seater racing
• Auto racing - Rallying
• Auto racing - Ice Racing
• Auto racing - Touring car racing
• Auto racing - Stock car racing
• Auto racing - Drag racing
• Auto racing - Sports car racing
• Auto racing - Offroad racing
• Auto racing - Hillclimbing
• Auto racing - Kart racing
• Auto racing - Legend car racing
• Auto racing - Other categories
• Auto racing - Use of flags
• Auto racing - Accidents

Read more here: » Auto racing: Encyclopedia - Auto racing

Contemporary views on race vary considerably between and within academic disciplines. Contemporary views differ from historical ones. Many views are complex, and are distinguished by subtle differences. Often the significance of differences between views is related to the use of race in biomedicine. This article compares the major contemporary views on race. Contemporary views on race - Summary of contemporary views. Contemporary views on race - Do human races exist?. R ...

Including:

• Contemporary views on race - Summary of contemporary views
• Contemporary views on race - Do human races exist?
• Contemporary views on race - What about subspecies?
• Contemporary views on race - If race had a biological basis what would it be?
• Contemporary views on race - The phylogeographic subspecies definition
• Contemporary views on race - Background
• Contemporary views on race - Total human genetic diversity
• Contemporary views on race - Time frame of modern human evolution
• Contemporary views on race - Distribution of genetic variation within/between populations
• Contemporary views on race - Topical comparisons
• Contemporary views on race - Which populations qualify as races?
• Contemporary views on race - Do self-identified races have biological validity?
• Contemporary views on race - Are self-identified races merely populations?
• Contemporary views on race - What are the implications of the clinal view of human variation?
• Contemporary views on race - What does admixture mean for the biological validity of races?
• Contemporary views on race - What is the relationship between race and ethnicity?

Read more here: » Contemporary views on race: Encyclopedia - Contemporary views on race

Audi has competed in (and sometimes dominated) numerous forms of auto racing. Audi's rich tradition in motorsport began with the Auto Union in the 1930s. In the 1990s Audi dominated the Touring and Super Touring categories of motor racing after success in circuit racing Stateside. Audi - Rallying. In 1980 Audi released the Quattro, an all wheel drive turbocharged car that went on to win rallies and races worldwide. It is considered one of the most significant rally cars of all time because it was one of th ...

See also:

Audi, Audi - History, Audi - The origins of Audi, Audi - The Auto Union era, Audi - Pause and a new start, Audi - The modern era of Audi, Audi - Auto racing, Audi - Rallying, Audi - Touring cars, Audi - Sports car racing, Audi - Technology, Audi - Models, Audi - Production cars, Audi - Historical models, Audi - Future models, Audi - Concepts

Read more here: » Audi: Encyclopedia II - Audi - Auto racing

Audi is the only car manufacturer that produces 100% galvanized vehicles to prevent corrosion. An all-aluminium car was brought forward by Audi, and in 1997 the Audi A8 was launched, which introduced aluminium space frame technology. Audi introduced a new series of vehicles in the mid-nineties and continues to pursue leading-edge technology and high performance. The all-aluminium concept was extended to the company's new sub-compact, the ...

See also:

Audi, Audi - History, Audi - The origins of Audi, Audi - The Auto Union era, Audi - Pause and a new start, Audi - The modern era of Audi, Audi - Auto racing, Audi - Rallying, Audi - Touring cars, Audi - Sports car racing, Audi - Technology, Audi - Models, Audi - Production cars, Audi - Historical models, Audi - Future models, Audi - Concepts

Read more here: » Audi: Encyclopedia II - Audi - Technology

Audi - The origins of Audi. The company traces its origins back to 1899 and August Horch. The first Horch automobile was produced in 1901 in Zwickau, in former East Germany. In 1910, Horch was forced out of the company he had founded. He then started a new company in Zwickau and continued using the Horch brand. His former partners sued him for trademark infringement and a German court determined that the Horch brand belonged to his former company. August Horch was forced to refrain from using his own family name ...

See also:

Audi, Audi - History, Audi - The origins of Audi, Audi - The Auto Union era, Audi - Pause and a new start, Audi - The modern era of Audi, Audi - Auto racing, Audi - Rallying, Audi - Touring cars, Audi - Sports car racing, Audi - Technology, Audi - Models, Audi - Production cars, Audi - Historical models, Audi - Future models, Audi - Concepts

Read more here: » Audi: Encyclopedia II - Audi - History

Audi - Production cars. A2 A3 S3 A4 S4 RS4 A6 S6 RS6 Allroad Quattro A8 TT Audi - Historical models. Audi 50 Audi 80/90/4000 Audi 100/200/5000 Audi Quattro Audi V8 Audi UrS4/S6 Audi - Future models. The following is a list of models Audi ostensibly plans to offer in the future. A5 RS4 Q5 ...

See also:

Audi, Audi - History, Audi - The origins of Audi, Audi - The Auto Union era, Audi - Pause and a new start, Audi - The modern era of Audi, Audi - Auto racing, Audi - Rallying, Audi - Touring cars, Audi - Sports car racing, Audi - Technology, Audi - Models, Audi - Production cars, Audi - Historical models, Audi - Future models, Audi - Concepts

Read more here: » Audi: Encyclopedia II - Audi - Models

The historical origins of Critical Race Theory provides a contextual understanding to contemporary legal debates concerning the effectiveness of past civil rights strategies in current political climate. Earliest writings on Critical Race Theory can be traced to the works of Derrick Bell and Alan Freeman in the mid 1970s. According to Delgado both Bell and Freeman were deeply concerned with the ‘snail pace’ progress of racial reform in the United States. Concerned and dismayed that any gains made by civil right laws of the 1960s were qui ...

See also:

Critical race theory, Critical race theory - Thought & Influence, Critical race theory - History & Origins, Critical race theory - Major Contributors, Critical race theory - Other Contributors, Critical race theory - Off Shoot Fields, Critical race theory - Conclusion, Critical race theory - Bibliography

Read more here: » Critical race theory: Encyclopedia II - Critical race theory - History & Origins

The earliest evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from Central Asia and dates to about 4,000 BCE. Competing theories exist about the time and place of domestication. However, wild species continued into historic times, including the Forest Horse, Equus ferus silvaticus (also called the Diluvial Horse); it is thought to have evolved into Equus ferus germanicus, and may have contributed to ...

See also:

Horse, Horse - Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species, Horse - Wild vs. feral horses, Horse - Other equids, Horse - Evolution, Horse - Natural History of the horse, Horse - Specialized vocabulary, Horse - Words for gaits, Horse - Words relating to horses, Horse - Words relating to horse anatomy, Horse - Horse coat colors and markings, Horse - The origin of modern horse breeds, Horse - Breeds studbooks purebreds and landraces, Horse - Hotbloods warmbloods and coldbloods, Horse - Horses in sport today, Horse - Racing in all its forms, Horse - Show Sports, Horse - Other horse sports, Horse - Criticism of horses in sport, Horse - Miscellaneous, Horse - Weight, Horse - Saddling and mounting, Horse - Zodiac, Horse - Horse meat

Read more here: » Horse: Encyclopedia II - Horse - Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species

The earliest evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from Central Asia and dates to approximately 4,000 BCE. Competing theories exist as to the time and place of initial domestication. Wild species continued to survive into historic times. For example, the Forest Horse (Equus ferus silvaticus, also called the Diluvial Horse) is thought to have evolved into Equus ferus germanicus, and may have contributed to ...

See also:

Horse, Horse - Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species, Horse - Wild vs. feral horses, Horse - Other modern equids, Horse - Evolution of the horse, Horse - Horse behavior, Horse - Specialized vocabulary, Horse - Horses vs. ponies, Horse - Words for gaits, Horse - Words relating to horses, Horse - Words relating to horse anatomy, Horse - Horse coat colors and markings, Horse - The origin of modern horse breeds, Horse - Breeds studbooks purebreds and landraces, Horse - Hotbloods warmbloods and coldbloods, Horse - Horses in sport today, Horse - Racing in all its forms, Horse - Show Sports, Horse - Other horse sports, Horse - Criticism of horses in sport, Horse - Miscellaneous, Horse - Weight, Horse - Saddling and mounting, Horse - Zodiac, Horse - Horse meat

Read more here: » Horse: Encyclopedia II - Horse - Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species

While ethnicity and race are related concepts, the concept of ethnicity is rooted in the idea of social groups, marked especially by shared nationality, tribal affiliation, religious faith, shared language, or cultural and traditional origins and backgrounds, whereas race is rooted in the idea of biological classification of Homo sapiens to subspecies according to arbitrarily chosen genotypic and/or phenotypic traits. It is a term also used to justify real, adopted or imagined historic ties as well. In English, Ethnicity ...

See also:

Ethnic group, Ethnic group - In the West, Ethnic group - Ethnicity

Read more here: » Ethnic group: Encyclopedia II - Ethnic group - Ethnicity

Racism - The word and the concept of race. Further information: Race (historical definitions) Before considering racism, it is an important methodological point to distinguish historically when the concepts of "race" and "racism" became known as such. Historians disagree largely when "race" emerged as a concept, ranging from those who believe aspects of it have always existed among humans, to those who place it as a concept separate from general dis ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - Turkey, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - From racial theory to racism

Racism - The word and the concept of race. Further information: Race (historical definitions) Before considering racism, it is an important methodological point to distinguish historically when the concepts of "race" and "racism" became known as such. Historians disagree largely when "race" emerged as a concept, ranging from those who believe aspects of it have always existed among humans, to those who place it as a concept separate from general dis ...

See also:

Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - From racial theory to racism