Encyclopedia - Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia - Rabbi Akiva
Akiba ben Joseph (or Rabbi Akiva, Rebbi Akiva, c. 50-c. 135) was a famous Jewish rabbi of the 2nd century. He was a great authority in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi Akiva - Biography
The Talmud is the only ancient source of knowledge about Rabbi Akiva. According to it he was born to a proselyte named Joseph. He was an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi Akiva - In The Mishnah
A member of the third generation of the Mishnah sages, Akiba was a disciple of Nahum of Gimzo, Rebbi Eliezer son of Hyrcanos, and Rebbi Y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Akiva Eger: Encyclopedia - Akiva Eger
Rabbi Akiva Eger or Eiger (1761-1837), born in Eisenstadt,then in Hungary, was a Jewish scholar and influential halakhic decisor (posek)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 132: Encyclopedia - 132
Events The messianic, charismatic leader Simon bar Kokhba starts a war of liberation against the Romans, which is crushed by emperor Had...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 135: Encyclopedia - 135
135 - Events. Epictetus writes the Enchiridion (approximate date) Last (4th) year of Yangjia era of the Chinese Han Dynasty The Diaspo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebbe: Encyclopedia - Rebbe
Rebbe (Hebrew: רבי also rebbi) is a title that may be given to a Rabbi in Orthodox Judaism, particularly within Hasidic Judaism. It is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lag Ba'omer: Encyclopedia Ii - Lag Ba'omer - Origins
The origins of the holiday begin with the time of Rabbi Akiva. The Talmud (Yevamot 62:2) states that 24,000 of Rabbi Akiva's students die...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ishmael Ben Elisha: Encyclopedia Ii - Ishmael Ben Elisha - Halakhic Exegesis
Ishmael gradually developed a system of halakhic exegesis which, while running parallel with that of Rabbi Akiva, is admitted to be the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Simon Bar Kokhba: Encyclopedia Ii - Simon Bar Kokhba - Second Jewish Revolt
Due to the failure of the earlier Great Jewish Revolt in the eastern Roman provinces, Bar Kokhba's support was mostly limited to the Roma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebbe: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebbe - Terminology And History
The word " Rebbe" is a mispronunciation of the Mishnaic Hebrew word "Rabbe" (or "Rabbi" which is spelled correctly but mispronounced in E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shema Yisrael: Encyclopedia Ii - Shema Yisrael - Other Instances
The Shema was the battle-cry of the Kohen ("priest") in calling Israel to arms against an enemy (Deuteronomy 20:3; Talmud Sotah 42a). It ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bar Kokhba's Revolt: Encyclopedia Ii - Bar Kokhba's Revolt - Revolt
The Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva convinced the Sanhedrin to support the impending revolt, and regarded the chosen commander Simon Bar Kokhba t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bar Kokhba's Revolt: Encyclopedia Ii - Bar Kokhba's Revolt - The Era Of The Redemption Of Israel
A sovereign Jewish state was restored for two and a half years that followed. The functional civil administration was headed by Simon Bar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Related Customs
Many Jews sway their body back and forth during prayer. This practice (referred to as shokeling in Yiddish) is not mandatory, and in fact...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mussar Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Mussar Movement - Founders
The Mussar movement arose among the non-Hasidic Orthodox Jews of Lithuania, and became a trend in Orthodox yeshivot (schools of Jewish le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Ethics: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Ethics - Ethics In Rabbinic Literature
Hillel the elder formulated the Golden rule of Jewish ethics "What is painful to you, do not do unto others". (Talmud, tracate Shabbat 31...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Torah: Encyclopedia - Torah
Torah (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning "teaching," "instruction," or "law." It is the central and most important document of Judaism r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia - Theology
Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, "God", + λογος, logos, "word" or "reason"). It can also refer ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Use Of The Septuagint
Septuagint - Jewish use. Jewish attitudes toward translations of their scriptures developed with time. By the 2nd century BC, it was of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Free Will: Encyclopedia Ii - Free Will - In Theology
The theological doctrine of divine foreknowledge is often alleged to be in conflict with free will. After all, if God knows exactly what ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Historic Leadership
Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE. See related List of Jewish Biblical figures. During the era of the Tanakh, lead...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Shabbat Services
Jewish services - Friday night services. Shabbat services begin on Friday evening with the weekday Mincha (see above), followed in some...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Judaism
Religious conversion - Procedure. Jewish law guidelines for accepting new converts to Judaism are called "giur". Potential converts sho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tannaim: Encyclopedia Ii - Tannaim - The Origin Of The Tannaim
The Tannaim operated under the occupation of the Roman Empire. During this time, the priesthood of the temple became increasingly corrupt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ishmael Ben Elisha: Encyclopedia Ii - Ishmael Ben Elisha - Life
Ishmael was a descendant of a wealthy priestly family in Upper Galilee, and presumably the grandson of the high priest of the same name. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biblical Canon: Encyclopedia Ii - Biblical Canon - Christian Canon
Biblical canon - Orthodox Catholic and Protestant. When Christianity began: it had no well-defined set of scriptures outside of the Sep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham Ben Abraham - Jewish Tradition
There are several versions of this story, especially among the Jews of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, who know and still refer to Potocki ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebbe: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebbe - Rebbes Of Hasidic Dynasties
There are well over a few hundred groups of Hasidim over the generations as it is impossible to list them all here, only some of the bigg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bar Kokhba's Revolt: Encyclopedia Ii - Bar Kokhba's Revolt - Outcome Of The War And Beginning Of Another Jewish Diaspora
According to Cassius Dio, 580,000 Jews were killed, 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed. Hadrian attempted to root out Judaism, whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bnei Brak: Encyclopedia Ii - Bnei Brak - Population
It has about 160,000 residents, most of whom are Haredi Jews. It also has the largest population density of any city in Israel, with 19,4...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Messiah - Views Of Maimonides
The predominant Jewish understanding of moshiach ("the messiah") is based on the writings of Maimonides, (the Rambam). His views on the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - A Brief History Of Theologies
::Main article: History of theology Classical Greek theology (c.700 BC to 323 BC). Various forms of systematic and philosophical reflecti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Principles Of Faith: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Principles Of Faith - Jewish Principles Of Faith
Jewish principles of faith - Monotheism. Judaism is based on a strict unitarian monotheism, the belief in one God. The prayer par excel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Views Of Chosenness By The Modern Jewish Denominations
The three largest Jewish denominations -- Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism -- maintain the belief that the Jews ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Views In The Modern Era
Strictures against astrology appear in the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism and on the official website of Reform Judais...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aish Hatorah: Encyclopedia Ii - Aish Hatorah - Global Activities
Aish HaTorah - Internet presence. Aish HaTorah's website, Aish.com, is ranked as one of the largest Jewish learning sites, with over 2 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Origin Of Jewish Mysticism
According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - Other Historically Significant Jewish Messiah Claimants
Messiah - Josephus's report of civil unrest in the first century. It had been thought that Josephus asserts that Jesus was indeed the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Services On Passover, Shavuot And Sukkot
The services for the three festivals of Pesach ("Passover"), Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks" or "Pentecost"), and Sukkot ("Feast of Tabenacles"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Rabbinic Jewish Views Of Chosenness
The idea of chosenness has traditionally been interpreted by Jews in two ways: one way is that God chose the Israelites, while the other ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Free Will: Encyclopedia Ii - Free Will - Determinism Versus Indeterminism
Determinism holds that each state of affairs is necessitated (determined) by the states of affairs that preceded it, an extension of caus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aish Hatorah: Encyclopedia Ii - Aish Hatorah - Israel Programs
Beyond Jewish education, Aish HaTorah is known as a staunch defender of Israel, and has launched various Israel advocacy programs. Aish H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness In The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Israel's character as the chosen people is conditioned by obedience to God's commandments. "Now therefore,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biblical Canon: Encyclopedia Ii - Biblical Canon - Jewish Canon
The Jews recognize the twenty-four books of the Hebrew Bible as the Tanakh. Evidence suggests that the process of canonization of the Tan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness As Superiority
In early medieval Europe, during a time of intense persecution of Jews, the idea developed that chosenness meant that God loves Jews more...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bar Kokhba's Revolt: Encyclopedia Ii - Bar Kokhba's Revolt - Background
After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE as a result of the failed Great Jewish Revolt, the Sanhedrin at Yavne provided spiritual guid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bar Kokhba's Revolt: Encyclopedia Ii - Bar Kokhba's Revolt - Roman Reaction
The outbreak took the Romans by surprise. Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and troops were brought from as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Free Will: Encyclopedia Ii - Free Will - Compatibilist Theories And The Could-have-done-otherwise Principle
Many claim that, in order for a choice to be free in any sense that matters, it must be true that the agent could have done otherwise. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bnei Brak: Encyclopedia Ii - Bnei Brak - History And Name
The city was founded in 1924 by Rabbi Yitzchak Gerstenkorn and a group of Polish Hasidim, and gained official recognition in 1950. The fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
In Derekh Hashem Section II, chapter 7, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto discusses the influence of stars on humanity and events on earth. Ther...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Secular Leadership
Following the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in Europe (with its Jewish "extension" the Haskalah movement, which led to much modern-da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Modern Religious Leadership After 1800s
Jewish leadership - Decline of rabbinical influence. With the growth of the Renaissance and the development of the secular modern world...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - The Prayers And Their Origins
Jewish services - Backgrounds. There are three prayer services each day on weekdays. A fourth additional prayer service (called mussaf,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Weekday Prayer Services
Jewish services - Shacharit: morning prayers. Various prayers are said upon arising; tzitzit (small garment with fringes) are donned at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Guide On Etiquette For Visitors
In most synagogues or temples, it is considered a sign of respect for all male attendees to wear a head covering, usually a dress hat or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Bible
Astrology is not specifically mentioned in the Torah, the five books of Moses. There are two commandments which have been used by some au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ishmael Ben Elisha: Encyclopedia Ii - Ishmael Ben Elisha - Disposition
Ishmael's teachings were calculated to promote peace and goodwill among all. "Be indulgent with the hoary head;" he would say, "and be ki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Medieval Era
Many rabbis in the Geonic era (after the close of the Talmud, early medieval period) discussed the varying Talmudic and midrashic views o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Services On Passover Shavuot And Sukkot
The services for the three festivals of Pesach ("Passover"), Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks" or "Pentecost"), and Sukkot ("Feast of Tabenacles"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Acceptance Of Astrology
However, other statements in the Talmud and in the midrash literature show that many Jews had some level of admiration for astrology. Som...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Free Will: Encyclopedia Ii - Free Will - Moral Responsibility
We generally hold people responsible for their actions, and will say that they deserve praise or blame for what they do. However, many be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Rejection Of Astrology
In early classical rabbinic works written in the land of Israel (Jerusalem Talmud and Palestinian midrash compilations) astrologers are k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Free Will: Encyclopedia Ii - Free Will - The Science Of Free Will
Throughout the history of science, attempts have been made to answer the question of free will using scientific principles. Early scienti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tannaim: Encyclopedia Ii - Tannaim - Prominant Tannaim
Tannaim - The Nesi'im. Main article: Nasi Hillel the Elder Rabban Simeon, son of Hillel (nothing about him is known) Rabban Gamliel ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - Other Messiahs
In Stregheria, Jesus Christ is believed to have been a sort of "evil messiah" or false messiah, while Aradia de Toscano is seen as the tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalah In Non-jewish Society
Kabbalah eventually gained an audience outside of the Jewish community. Nominal-Christian versions of Kabbalah began to develop; by the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Debate About Kabbalah In Judaism
Although it was criticized by a small number of rabbis, Kabbalah has nevertheless been a fundamental part of most Jewish theology for man...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebbe: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebbe - Usage
Orthodox Jews use the term to denote someone that they perceive not only as the religious leader of their congregation, but as their spir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Religious Conversion In International Law
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines religious conversion as a human right: "Everyone has the right to freedo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Christianity
Telling non-Christians about Christianity has been seen as a duty of Christians since the time of Jesus. According to the New Testament, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - The Convert/proselyte
See also the main article proselyte A person who has undergone conversion is called a convert or proselyte. A proselyte (from the Latin w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Criticisms
Kabbalah - Dualism. One of the most serious and sustained criticisms of Kabbalah is that it may lead away from monotheism, and instead ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Gnosticism And Kabbalah
Gnostic literature testifies to the antiquity of the Kabbalah. Gnosticism - systems of secret spiritual knowledge, or some sources say - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic Understanding Of God
Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) teaches that God is neither matter nor spirit. Rather God is the creator of both, but is himself neither. But...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Failure Of Sabbatian Mysticism
The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Rabbi Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Mystic Doctrines In Talmudic Times
In Talmudic times the terms Ma'aseh Bereshit ("Works of Creation") and Ma'aseh Merkabah ("Works of the Divine Throne/Chariot") clearly in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Human Soul In Kabbalah
The Zohar posits that the human soul has three elements, the nefesh, ru'ach, and neshamah. The nefesh is found in all humans, and enters ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Foretelling The Future
A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Textual Antiquity Of Esoteric Mysticism
Early forms of esoteric mysticism existed over 2,000 years ago. Ben Sira warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Practical Applications
The Midrash and Talmud are replete with the use of Divine names and incantations that are claimed to effect supernatural or metaphysical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Islam
One becomes a Muslim by believing Allah (Allah is the unique name of God in Islam) is the only God and Muhammad is Allah 's messenger. A ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Religions Of Indic Origin
Religions of Indic origin such as Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism do not believe in conversion as a form of expansion, although they welco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Messiah - Present-day Positions
Jewish Messiah - Orthodox Judaism. Orthodox Judaism maintains that Jews are obligated to accept Maimonides's 13 Principles of Faith, in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - Divisions Of Theology
Theology can be divided up in any number of ways. Many of these divisions have originated in the study of the Christian religion, althoug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - Theological Studies In Different Institutions
In Europe, the traditional places for the study of theology have been universities and seminaries. Typically the protestant state churche...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Messiah - Judaism And Christianity
Christianity as we have come to know it emerged from Judaism in the first century of the Common Era. The first Christians were Jews, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham Ben Abraham - Background
(This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.) Kraszewski relates that young Potocki and his frie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aish Hatorah: Encyclopedia Ii - Aish Hatorah - History
Aish HaTorah was established in Jerusalem by Rabbi Noah Weinberg in 1974, after he broke away from the Ohr Somayach yeshiva which he had ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham Ben Abraham - Historical Evidence
Numerous encyclopaedias of Jewish history, religion and culture include an entry on Potocki, a Polish magnate and member of the Potocki f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - Theology And The Academy
Theology has a significantly problematic relationship to Academia that is not shared by any other subject. Most universities founded befo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - Theology And Religions Other Than Christianity
In academic theological circles, there is some debate as to whether theology is an activity peculiar to the Christian religion. If so we ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Naming And Designation
The Septuagint derives its name (derived from Latin septuaginta, seventy, hence the abbreviation LXX) from a legendary account in the Let...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Proselytism
The English language word proselytism is derived ultimately from the Greek language verb προσέρχομαι 'to approach, to come tow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To New Religious Movements And Cults
Conversion to new religious movements (NRM's) is riddled with controversies. The anti-cult movement sometimes uses the term thought refor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Dating And Critical Scholarship
Modern scholarship holds that the LXX was translated and composed over the course of the 3rd through 1st centuries BC(E), beginning with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Books Of The Septuagint
The vast majority of the Septuagint coincides with the Jewish Tanakh, although the order does not always coincide with the modern orderin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Theology - History Of The Term
The word "Theology" is derived from Hellenistic Greek, but its meaning has changed significantly through its use in the European Christia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tannaim: Encyclopedia Ii - Tannaim - The Generations Of The Tannaim
Tannaim - Before the destruction of the Second Temple. Hillel the Elder Shammai Rabban Gamliel the Elder Tannaim - The generation of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aish Hatorah: Encyclopedia Ii - Aish Hatorah - Organizational Goals
Aish HaTorah's self-declared objective is to revitalize the Jewish people by providing opportunities for Jews of all backgrounds to disco...   » Read the article