Akiba ben Joseph (or Rabbi Akiva, Rebbi Akiva, c. 50-c. 135) was a famous Jewish rabbi of the 2nd century. He was a great authority in the matter of Jewish tradition, and one of the most central and essential contributors to the early Oral Torah, mainly the Mishnah and the midrash halakha. He laid the foundations of the mishnaic dispute, by which pairs or larger groups of sages dispute points of Halakha or Bible interpretation. Rabbi Akiva - In the Mishnah. A member of the ...

Including:

• Rabbi Akiva - In the Mishnah
• Rabbi Akiva - Biography

Read more here: » Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia - Rabbi Akiva

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Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Akiva - In the Mishnah, Rabbi Akiva - Biography

Read more here: » Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia II - Rabbi Akiva - Biography

A member of the third generation of the Mishnah sages, Akiba was a disciple of Nahum of Gimzo, Rebbi Eliezer son of Hyrcanos, and Rebbi Yehoshua. Some say that Rebbi Tarfon was also a teacher of his; others claim he was his contemporary colleague. Among other contemporary colleagues are: Elisha ben Avuya, Rebbi Eleazar ben Zadok, Rebbi Eleazar ben Azarya, Rabban Gamliel, Rebbi Yehuda ben Beteira, Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri, Rebbi Yosei Haglili, and Rebbi Yishmael. "What was Rabbi Aki ...

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Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Akiva - In the Mishnah, Rabbi Akiva - Biography

Read more here: » Rabbi Akiva: Encyclopedia II - Rabbi Akiva - In the Mishnah

Rabbi Akiva Eger or Eiger (1761-1837), born in Eisenstadt,then in Hungary, was a Jewish scholar and influential halakhic decisor (posek). While his name is commonly spelled Eiger, his official name was Eger. He was born as Akiva Güns in Eisenstadt, Hungary. He was recognised as a child prodigy, and was educated first at the Mattersdorf Yeshiva and later under his uncle, Rabbi Wolf Eger, at the Breslau Yeshiva. Out of respect for his uncle he changed his surname to Eiger. He therefore shared th ...

Read more here: » Akiva Eger: Encyclopedia - Akiva Eger

Events The messianic, charismatic leader Simon bar Kokhba starts a war of liberation against the Romans, which is crushed by emperor Hadrian. Rabbi Akiva is supportive of the rebellion. The Olympeion in Athens is completed Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invented the first seismoscope for measuring earthquakes Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han Dynasty < ...

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135 - Events. Epictetus writes the Enchiridion (approximate date) Last (4th) year of Yangjia era of the Chinese Han Dynasty The Diaspora begins as the Jews are expelled by the Roman Empire. 135 - Deaths. Simon bar Kokhba, leader of the Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire Rabbi Akiva, a Jewish sage, executed by the Romans (probable date). Category: 135 ...

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• 135 - Events
• 135 - Deaths

Read more here: » 135: Encyclopedia - 135

Rebbe (Hebrew: רבי also rebbi) is a title that may be given to a Rabbi in Orthodox Judaism, particularly within Hasidic Judaism. It is a Hebrew word denoting "my teacher". It is also used by Orthodox Jews when they talk of their first or main teacher of Torah. Rebbe - In Jewish history. Historically, the early teachers of the Mishnah (in early Greek and Roman times) were called Rebbe, such as Rabbi Akiva, Rebbi Judah haNasi and Rebbi Simeon bar Yohai.

The origins of the holiday begin with the time of Rabbi Akiva. The Talmud (Yevamot 62:2) states that 24,000 of Rabbi Akiva's students died from a mysterious divine sent plague. The Talmud then goes on to say that this was because "they did not show proper respect to one another." Jews celebrate Lag Ba’omer as the traditional day that this plague ended. Others say that these students were killed in the Bar Kokhba's revolt (In which Rabbi Akiva was a major figure), the plague being the Roman plague. Viewed in this context, the lighting of bonfires on this evening seems logical, since in ancient times bo ...

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Lag Ba'omer, Lag Ba'omer - Origins, Lag Ba'omer - Name, Lag Ba'omer - Customs and Practices, Lag Ba'omer - Lag Ba'omer in the Western Calendar

Read more here: » Lag Ba'omer: Encyclopedia II - Lag Ba'omer - Origins

Ishmael gradually developed a system of halakhic exegesis which, while running parallel with that of Rabbi Akiva, is admitted to be the more logical. Indeed, he established the principles of the logical method by which laws may be deduced from laws and important decisions founded on the plain phraseology of the Scriptures. Like Akiva, he opened up a wide field for halakhic induction, but, unlike Akiva, he required more than a mere jot or a letter as a basi ...

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Ishmael ben Elisha, Ishmael ben Elisha - Life, Ishmael ben Elisha - Disposition, Ishmael ben Elisha - Views on marriage, Ishmael ben Elisha - Halakhic exegesis, Ishmael ben Elisha - Hermeneutic rules

Read more here: » Ishmael ben Elisha: Encyclopedia II - Ishmael ben Elisha - Halakhic exegesis

Due to the failure of the earlier Great Jewish Revolt in the eastern Roman provinces, Bar Kokhba's support was mostly limited to the Roman province of Judea. Despite some initial successes, his revolt was brutally crushed by Emperor Hadrian: Bar Kokhba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva. Nevertheless, it was a costly victory for Rome, and the generals, when reporting to the Senate, did not begin with the cust ...

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Simon bar Kokhba, Simon bar Kokhba - Second Jewish Revolt, Simon bar Kokhba - Bar Kokhba in the arts

Read more here: » Simon bar Kokhba: Encyclopedia II - Simon bar Kokhba - Second Jewish Revolt

The word " Rebbe" is a mispronunciation of the Mishnaic Hebrew word "Rabbe" (or "Rabbi" which is spelled correctly but mispronounced in English) meaning "my master" or "my teacher". The early teachers of the Mishnah (in early Greek and Roman times) had the title Rabbe, such as Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai. Rabbi Judah haNasi was simply called "Rabbe" ...

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Rebbe, Rebbe - Terminology and history, Rebbe - Usage, Rebbe - Distinction of rebbe and rav, Rebbe - Hasidic Rebbes, Rebbe - Relationship of Hasidim to the Rebbe, Rebbe - Kvitlach and tish, Rebbe - Hasidic sects, Rebbe - Rebbes of different dynasties, Rebbe - Rebbes of Belz, Rebbe - Rebbes of Bobov, Rebbe - Rebbes of Breslov, Rebbe - Rebbes of Ger, Rebbe - Rebbes of Chabad Lubavitch, Rebbe - Rebbes of Karlin, Rebbe - Rebbes of Satmar Sighet-Uhel, Rebbe - Rebbes of Skverr, Rebbe - Rebbes of Toldos Aharon-Reb Arele, Rebbe - Rebbes of Viznitz

Read more here: » Rebbe: Encyclopedia II - Rebbe - Terminology and history

The Shema was the battle-cry of the Kohen ("priest") in calling Israel to arms against an enemy (Deuteronomy 20:3; Talmud Sotah 42a). It is the last word of the dying in his confession of faith. It was on the lips of those who suffered and were tortured for the sake of the Law. Rabbi Akiva patiently endured while his flesh was being torn with iron combs, and died reciting the Shema. He pronounced the last word of the sentence, Echad (" ...

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Shema Yisrael, Shema Yisrael - History, Shema Yisrael - Content, Shema Yisrael - Recitation and reading, Shema Yisrael - Accompanying blessings, Shema Yisrael - Bedtime Shema, Shema Yisrael - Other instances, Shema Yisrael - Quote in New Testament, Shema Yisrael - See Also

Read more here: » Shema Yisrael: Encyclopedia II - Shema Yisrael - Other instances

The Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva convinced the Sanhedrin to support the impending revolt, and regarded the chosen commander Simon Bar Kokhba to be the Jewish Messiah, according to the verse from Numbers 24:17: "There shall come a star out of Jacob" ("Bar Kokhba" means "son of a star" in the Aramaic language). At the time, Christianity was still a minor sect of Judaism, and most historians believe that it was this messianic claim in favor of Bar Kokhba that alienated many Christians (who believed that the true messiah was Jesus), and sharpl ...

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Bar Kokhba's revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources, Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link

Read more here: » Bar Kokhba's revolt: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt

A sovereign Jewish state was restored for two and a half years that followed. The functional civil administration was headed by Simon Bar Kokhba, who took the title Nasi Israel (ruler or prince of Israel). The "Era of the redemption of Israel" was announced, contracts were signed and coins were minted with corresponding inscriptions (some were overstruck over Roman silver coins). Rabbi Akiva presided over the Sanhedrin. The religious rituals were observed and the korbanot (i.e. sacrifices) were resume ...

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Bar Kokhba's revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources, Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link

Read more here: » Bar Kokhba's revolt: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel

Many Jews sway their body back and forth during prayer. This practice (referred to as shokeling in Yiddish) is not mandatory, and in fact the kabbalist Isaac Luria felt that it should not be done. In contrast, the German Medieval authority Maharil (Rabbi Jacob Molin) linked the practice to a statement in the Talmud that the Mishnaic sage Rabbi Akiva would sway so forcefully that he ended up at the other side of the room when praying (Talmud tractate Berachot). Money for tzedakah (charity) is given during the weekday ...

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Jewish services, Jewish services - The prayers and their origins, Jewish services - Backgrounds, Jewish services - Text and language, Jewish services - Quorum, Jewish services - Concentration, Jewish services - Weekday prayer services, Jewish services - Shacharit: morning prayers, Jewish services - Mincha: afternoon prayers, Jewish services - Ma'ariv or Arvit: evening prayers, Jewish services - Shabbat services, Jewish services - Friday night services, Jewish services - Saturday morning: Shacharit, Jewish services - Saturday morning additional service: Musaf, Jewish services - Saturday afternoon: Mincha, Jewish services - Saturday evening: Maariv, Jewish services - Services on Passover Shavuot and Sukkot, Jewish services - Related customs, Jewish services - Guide on etiquette for visitors

Read more here: » Jewish services: Encyclopedia II - Jewish services - Related customs

The Mussar movement arose among the non-Hasidic Orthodox Jews of Lithuania, and became a trend in Orthodox yeshivot (schools of Jewish learning). Its founder was Rabbi Israel ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, the Salanter (1810-1883), who was inspired greatly by the teachings and Reb Zundel Salant. Mussar movement - Zundel Salant. Reb Joseph Zundel ben Benjamin Benish of Salant (1786-1866) or Sundel Salant was a layman who had studied under Rabbis Chaim Volozhin and Akiva Eiger; he spent most of his life in Sa ...

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Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links

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Hillel the elder formulated the Golden rule of Jewish ethics "What is painful to you, do not do unto others". (Talmud, tracate Shabbat 31a; Midrash Avot de Rabbi Natan.) His contemporary, Akiva states "Whatever you hate to have done unto you, do not do to your neighbor; wherefore do not hurt him; do not speak ill of him; do not reveal his secrets to others; let his honor and his property be as dear to thee as thine own" (Midrash Avot deRabbi Natan.) Ben Azzai says: "The Torah, by beginning with the book of the generations of man, laid down the great rule for the application of the Law: Love t ...

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Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics

Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature

Torah (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning "teaching," "instruction," or "law." It is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. Torah primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakh–the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, but the term is sometimes also used in the general sense to also include both of Judaism's written law and oral law, encompassing the entire spectrum of authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history, including the ...

Including:

• Torah - Structure
• Torah - Production and usage of a Torah scroll
• Torah - The Torah as the core of Judaism
• Torah - The Torah and the oral law
• Torah - Other views of the Torah
• Torah - External link

Read more here: » Torah: Encyclopedia - Torah

Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, "God", + λογος, logos, "word" or "reason"). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. A theologian is a person learned in theology. Theology - History of the term. The word "Theology" is derived from Hellenistic Greek, but its meaning has changed significantly through its use in the European Christian thought of the Middle ages and Enlightenment The term theologia is us ...

Including:

• Theology - History of the term
• Theology - A brief history of Theologies
• Theology - Theology and religions other than Christianity
• Theology - Theology and the Academy
• Theology - Theological studies in different institutions
• Theology - Divisions of theology
• Theology - Quotes

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Septuagint - Jewish use. Jewish attitudes toward translations of their scriptures developed with time. By the 2nd century BC, it was often necessary for the readings in the synagogues to be interpreted in Babylonian Aramaic, producing the need for the targumim, though one Talmud writer forbids their use except for foreigners. A later Talmudic injunction by Rabbi Simon ben Gamaliel said that Greek was the only language into which the Torah could be accurately translated. The Septuagint found widespread use in the ...

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Septuagint, Septuagint - Naming and designation, Septuagint - Dating and critical scholarship, Septuagint - Use of the Septuagint, Septuagint - Jewish use, Septuagint - Christian use, Septuagint - Language of the Septuagint, Septuagint - Books of the Septuagint, Septuagint - Translations of the Septuagint

Read more here: » Septuagint: Encyclopedia II - Septuagint - Use of the Septuagint