QWERTY (pronounced "kwerty" or "Q-werty") is the most common modern-day keyboard layout on most English language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its name from the first six letters seen in the keyboard's top row of letters. The QWERTY design was patented by Christopher Sholes in 1868 and sold to Remington in 1873, when it first appeared in typewriters. QWERTY - Purpose. Frequently-used pairs of letters were separated in an attempt to stop the typebars from intertwining and becoming stuck, thus f ...

Including:

• QWERTY - Purpose
• QWERTY - Languages other than English
• QWERTY - Alternative keyboard layouts
• QWERTY - Trivia

Read more here: » QWERTY: Encyclopedia - QWERTY

See also:

QWERTY, QWERTY - Purpose, QWERTY - Languages other than English, QWERTY - Alternative keyboard layouts, QWERTY - Trivia

Read more here: » QWERTY: Encyclopedia II - QWERTY - Purpose

Because modern keyboards do not suffer from the problems of older mechanical keyboards, the QWERTY layout's separation of frequently used letter pairs is no longer strictly necessary. Several alternative keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak Simplified Keyboard arrangement (designed by Drs. August Dvorak and William Dealey and patented in 1936), have been designed to increase a typist's speed and comfort, largely by moving the most common letters to the home row and maximizing hand alternation. The effectiveness of these layouts is disputed, but ...

See also:

QWERTY, QWERTY - Purpose, QWERTY - Languages other than English, QWERTY - Alternative keyboard layouts, QWERTY - Trivia

Read more here: » QWERTY: Encyclopedia II - QWERTY - Alternative keyboard layouts

XPeRT is a specific keyboard layout designed to increase English-language keying efficiency. XPeRT - Key Positions on the XPeRT keyboard. The designers claim that opposing hand key sequences (digraphs) are increased from 50% on the standard (QWERTY) layout to 83%, in order to promote speed. Digraph statistics listed were derived from the Dvorak keyboard US patent of 1936. The admired Dvorak layout has 80% opposing hand digraphs, also aimed at speed, and focuses on the home row to ...

Including:

• XPeRT - Key Positions on the XPeRT keyboard
• XPeRT - Criticism
• XPeRT - Responses

Read more here: » XPeRT: Encyclopedia - XPeRT

The 1874 Sholes & Glidden typewriters established the QWERTY layout for the letter keys that is used nowadays in Anglophone countries for virtually all computer keyboards and the majority of other keyboards. Other nations using the Latin alphabet may use variants of the QWERTY layout, for example the French AZERTY layout. It is generally acknowledged that the QWERTY design was concerned with trying to minimize jamming of the keys. How this was accomplished is a matter of some dispute. It is easy to find claims that QWERTY was inte ...

Read more here: » Typewriter keyboard: Encyclopedia - Typewriter keyboard

Communicator is a type of portable device that includes, in various proportions, functions of PDA, mobile phone, and wireless Internet appliance. The name came probably from Nokia 9000 series. A communicator usually has QWERTY keyboard and/or touch screen as opposed to smartphone having only a digital keyboard with a few more auxiliary buttons. A communicator is a communications device, typically portabl ...

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A typebar is an 'arm' inside a typewriter with a characters on the end of it. There are generally two characters per typebar; one which will be printed if the key is struck by itself, the other of which will be printed if the key is struck while the shift key is depressed. The typewriter will jam when two or more typebars are depressed simultaneously. Such jamming led to the creation of the QWERTY keyboard. Other related archivesQWERTY, characters, key, keyboard, shift key, typewriter

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Dr. August Dvorak (May 5, 1894 – October 10, 1975) was an educational psychologist and professor of education at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. He and his brother-in-law, Dr William Dealey, are best known for creating the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout in the 1930s as a replacement for the QWERTY keyboard layout. In the 1940s, Dvorak designed keyboard layouts for people with the use of one hand. Dr. Dvorak, along with Dealey, Nellie Merrick, and Gertrude Ford, wrote the book Typewriting Beha ...

Read more here: » August Dvorak: Encyclopedia - August Dvorak

ASDF is the sequence of letters that appear on the first four keys on the home row of a QWERTY or QWERTZ keyboard. They are often used as a sample or test case, or as random, meaningless nonsense. In some cases, this is a default password for a few systems. It is also a common learning tool for keyboard classes, since all four keys are located on Home row. 'asdf' is used in many dictionary crackers, since there is always the possibility that some user has left their password as 'asdf' by default. The Internet has ...

Read more here: » Asdf: Encyclopedia - Asdf

The caps lock is a key on a computer keyboard. Pressing it causes the keyboard to go into a mode in which letter keys are interpreted as capital letters by default. The caps lock does not affect the number or punctuation keys on a typical QWERTY keyboard. Certain keyboard layouts such as the French, older computers such as the Commodore 64, and most typewriters have a shift lock key. This is akin to the caps lock, but also affects the number and punctuation keys, causing them to type the characters they would if the shif ...

Including:

• Caps lock - Cultural significance

Read more here: » Caps lock: Encyclopedia - Caps lock

Made popular by Quake, WASD (or WSAD) is a set of four keys on the left-hand side of a QWERTY computer keyboard often used to control the player's movement in first-person/third-person (FPS/TPS) computer games. W/S control forward and backward and A/D control strafing left and right. These mimic the arrow keys, which are also commonly used for movement. Many gamers consider WASD to be superior to the arrow keys for various reasons, including that more keys surround WASD than the arrow keys, allowing the player bet ...

Read more here: » WASD: Encyclopedia - WASD

Some keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts, most notably the Greek layout, are actually based off the QWERTY layout, in that, as far as possible, glyphs are assigned to keys which bear similar-sounding or -appearing glyphs in QWERTY. This saves learning time for those already familiar with QWERTY. This is not a general rule, though, and many non-Roman keyboard layouts are invented from scratch. Also, most non-Roman keyboard layouts have the capacity to be used to input Roman letters as well as the script of the lang ...

See also:

Keyboard layout, Keyboard layout - Keyboard structure, Keyboard layout - Dead key, Keyboard layout - Note on Keyboard layouts, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for Roman script, Keyboard layout - QWERTY, Keyboard layout - QWERTZ, Keyboard layout - AZERTY, Keyboard layout - QZERTY, Keyboard layout - Dvorak and others, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts, Keyboard layout - East Asian languages

Read more here: » Keyboard layout: Encyclopedia II - Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts

The designers claim that opposing hand key sequences (digraphs) are increased from 50% on the standard (QWERTY) layout to 83%, in order to promote speed. Digraph statistics listed were derived from the Dvorak keyboard US patent of 1936. The admired Dvorak layout has 80% opposing hand digraphs, also aimed at speed, and focuses on the home row to reduce finger reach; it moves 24 letters from Qwerty locations, causing some resistance to change. Re-arrangement of commonly used letters is kept to a minimum in the XPeRT layout, to ease tran ...

See also:

XPeRT, XPeRT - Key Positions on the XPeRT keyboard, XPeRT - Criticism, XPeRT - Responses

Read more here: » XPeRT: Encyclopedia II - XPeRT - Key Positions on the XPeRT keyboard

Attempts to convert universally to the Dvorak have not been met with success. Typists who are already proficient with the QWERTY layout do not want to have to relearn on a new keyboard, although Dvorak claimed that it didn't take very long to show an improvement. It is possible, at least for some, to learn to touch type with the Dvorak keyboard while still retaining the ability to touch type with QWERTY. [1] Applications expecting a specific key layout will be an issue when using the Dvorak layout. For example, the Unix text editor vi ...

See also:

Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Overview, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Benefits, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Resistance to change, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Further improvements, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - One hand versions, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Other languages

Read more here: » Dvorak Simplified Keyboard: Encyclopedia II - Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Resistance to change

Chinese, Japanese and Korean require special input methods (often abbreviated to CJK IMEs) due to the thousands of possible characters in these languages. Various methods have been invented to pack all these possibilities into a normal QWERTY keyboard, so East Asian keyboards are essentially the same as those in other countries. However, their input methods are considerably more complex, without one-to-one mappings between keys and characters. In general, you need to first narrow down the range of possibilities (most often by entering ...

See also:

Keyboard layout, Keyboard layout - Keyboard structure, Keyboard layout - Dead key, Keyboard layout - Note on Keyboard layouts, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for Roman script, Keyboard layout - QWERTY, Keyboard layout - QWERTZ, Keyboard layout - AZERTY, Keyboard layout - QZERTY, Keyboard layout - Dvorak and others, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts, Keyboard layout - East Asian languages

Read more here: » Keyboard layout: Encyclopedia II - Keyboard layout - East Asian languages

Even though many feel that the principles on which the Dvorak keyboard is based should make it superior to the older QWERTY, there is divergent evidence about whether the logic of the keyboard actually translates into faster typing. Although studies performed by Dvorak and his disciples indicate a large advantage in typing speed (40%), other studies performed for the US General Services Administration and independent ergonomics investigations indicate either a small or nonexistent advantage (less than 5%). Certainly, attempts to convert univ ...

See also:

Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Overview, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Resistance to change, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Further improvements, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - One hand versions, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Other languages, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Controversy

Read more here: » Dvorak Simplified Keyboard: Encyclopedia II - Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Resistance to change

Even though many feel that the principles on which the Dvorak keyboard is based should make it superior to the older QWERTY, there is divergent evidence about whether the logic of the keyboard actually translates into faster typing. Although studies performed by Dvorak and his disciples indicate a large advantage in typing speed (40%), other studies performed for the US General Services Administration and independent ergonomics investigations indicate ...

See also:

Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Overview, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Benefits, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Resistance to change, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Further improvements, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - One hand versions, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Other languages

Read more here: » Dvorak Simplified Keyboard: Encyclopedia II - Dvorak Simplified Keyboard - Benefits

Although there are a large number of different keyboard layouts used with different languages written in Roman script, most of these layouts are quite similar. According to where the keys for Q, A, Z, M, and Y are placed on the keyboard, they can be divided into three main families. These are usually named according to the first six letters. Note that while the core of the keyboard, the alphabetic section, remains fairly constant, and the numbers from 1-9 are almost invariably on the top row, keyboards differ vastly in: t ...

See also:

Keyboard layout, Keyboard layout - Keyboard structure, Keyboard layout - Dead key, Keyboard layout - Note on Keyboard layouts, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for Roman script, Keyboard layout - QWERTY, Keyboard layout - QWERTZ, Keyboard layout - AZERTY, Keyboard layout - QZERTY, Keyboard layout - Dvorak and others, Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for non-Roman alphabetic scripts, Keyboard layout - East Asian languages

Read more here: » Keyboard layout: Encyclopedia II - Keyboard layout - Keyboard layouts for Roman script

In each Borat segment, there are Cyrillic letters behind the English captions. These letters are actually a cipher of the English text, according to the following correspondence: On a computer, this cipher can be produced by typing English letters on a standard QWERTY keyboard whilst having the standard Russian keyboard layout activated (QWERTY → ЙЦУКЕН). ...

See also:

Borat, Borat - Background and technique, Borat - Controversy, Borat - Conflicts with Kazakh Government, Borat - Fictional background, Borat - Family and personal life, Borat - Beliefs, Borat - The Borat movie, Borat - The Borat code, Borat - The car

Read more here: » Borat: Encyclopedia II - Borat - The Borat code

This row of the keyboard is termed "home row" because typists are trained to begin typing by placing their fingers on this row and then reaching for whichever keys they wish to type that are not on the home row. Afterwards, they return their fingers to their original positions on the home row. For instance, to type the word poll on a QWERTY keyboard, one would place all of his or her fingers on the home row. (The right hand should be covering "j k l ;" with the thumb on the space bar.) The typist will then use his or her p ...

See also:

Home row, Home row - Etymology, Home row - Home Rowed

Read more here: » Home row: Encyclopedia II - Home row - Etymology