Q fever

The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms with abrupt onset of fever, malaise, severe headache, myalgia (muscle pain), loss of appetite, dry cough, pleuritic pain, chills, confusion and gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. The fever lasts approximately 7-14 days. During the course, the disease can progress to an atypical pneumonia, which often results in a life threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), whereby such symptoms usually occ ...

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Q fever, Q fever - History, Q fever - Manifestations, Q fever - Appearance and incidence, Q fever - Diagnosis, Q fever - Treatment, Q fever - Other, Q fever - Literature

Read more here: » Q fever: Encyclopedia II - Q fever - Manifestations

Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. The creation and stockpiling of biological weapons is outlawed by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, signed by over 100 states, because a successful attack could conceivably result in thousands, possibly even millions, of deaths and could cause severe disruptions to societies and economies. Oddly ...

Including:

• Biological warfare - History
• Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics
• Biological warfare - Attacking Crops & Animals
• Biological warfare - Protective measures
• Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance
• Biological warfare - Examples of biological warfare
• Biological warfare - 1984 Rajneeshee salmonella attack
• Biological warfare - 2001 anthrax attack

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia - Biological warfare

Bioterrorism is terrorism using germ warfare, an intentional human release of a naturally-occurring or human-modified toxin or biological agent. Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents. Bioterrorism - Category A agents. These are biological agents with both a high potential for adverse public health impact and that also have a serious potential for large-scale dissemination. The Category A agents are anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemor ...

Including:

• Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents
• Bioterrorism - Category A agents
• Bioterrorism - Category B agents
• Bioterrorism - Category C agents
• Bioterrorism - Biological warfare programmes and convention on biological weapons
• Bioterrorism - Modern bioterrorist incidents
• Bioterrorism - Planning and reacting to a bioterrorist attack
• Bioterrorism - Plants as sensors
• Bioterrorism - Publications

Read more here: » Bioterrorism: Encyclopedia - Bioterrorism

Q is the seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is cue, occasionally spelled cu. The Semitic sound value of Qôp (perhaps originally qaw cord) was /q/ (voiceless uvular plosive). In Greek this sign as Qoppa Ϙ probably came to represent several labialized velar plosives, among them /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/. These sounds changed to < ...

Including:

• Q - Usage
• Q - Alternative representations
• Q - Computing
• Q - Meanings for Q
• Q - Q trivia

Read more here: » Q: Encyclopedia - Q

Pasteurization is typically associated with milk, first suggested by Franz von Soxhlet in 1886. There are two widely used methods to pasteurize milk: high temperature/short time (HTST), and ultra-high temperature (UHT). HTST is by far the most common method. Milk simply labelled "pasteurized" is usually treated with the HTST method, whereas milk labelled "ultra-pasteurized" must be treated with the UHT method. HTST involves holding the milk at a temperature of 161.5 degrees Fahrenheit (or 72 degrees Celsius) for at least 15 seconds. UHT involves holding the milk at a tempe ...

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Pasteurization, Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization, Pasteurization - Alternative pasteurization standards and raw milk, Pasteurization - Are current standards adequate?, Pasteurization - Pasteurized products

Read more here: » Pasteurization: Encyclopedia II - Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization

Bioterrorism - Category A agents. These are biological agents with both a high potential for adverse public health impact and that also have a serious potential for large-scale dissemination. The Category A agents are anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Anthrax  Anthrax is a bacterium with a highly resistant spore form. It is highly infectious and lethal when inhaled. It is a non-contagious disease which does not spread from one pe ...

See also:

Bioterrorism, Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents, Bioterrorism - Category A agents, Bioterrorism - Category B agents, Bioterrorism - Category C agents, Bioterrorism - Biological warfare programmes and convention on biological weapons, Bioterrorism - Modern bioterrorist incidents, Bioterrorism - Planning and reacting to a bioterrorist attack, Bioterrorism - Plants as sensors, Bioterrorism - Publications

Read more here: » Bioterrorism: Encyclopedia II - Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents

Myalgia - Diseases/Disorders. Avian influenza, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Common cold, Community-acquired pneumonia, Coccidioidomycosis, Conn's syndrome, Devic's disease, Endemic typhus, Exercise intolerance, Familial Mediterranean fever, HIV, Infectious mononucleosis, Lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease, Marburg virus, Mastocytosis, Meningitis, Monkeypox, Multiple sclerosis, Myositis, Peripheral neuropathy, Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Psittacosis, Pyrazinamide, Q fever, Rif ...

See also:

Myalgia, Myalgia - Causes, Myalgia - Diseases/Disorders, Myalgia - Medications

Read more here: » Myalgia: Encyclopedia II - Myalgia - Causes

Myalgia - Diseases/Disorders. Avian influenza, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Common cold, Community-acquired pneumonia, Coccidioidomycosis, Conn's syndrome, Devic's disease, Endemic typhus, Exercise intolerance, Familial Mediterranean fever, Fibromyalgia, HIV, Infectious mononucleosis, Lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease, Marburg virus, Mastocytosis, Meningitis, Monkeypox, Multiple sclerosis, Myositis, Peripheral neuropathy, Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Psittacosis, Pyrazinamide ...

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Myalgia, Myalgia - Causes, Myalgia - Diseases/Disorders, Myalgia - Medications

Read more here: » Myalgia: Encyclopedia II - Myalgia - Causes

ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A00-A09 Intestinal infectious diseases. (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia enterocolitica (A047) Enter ...

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ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A00-A79 - Bacterial infections and other intestinal infectious diseases and STDs, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A00-A09 Intestinal infectious diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A15-A19 Tuberculosis, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A20-A28 Certain zoonotic bacterial diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A30-A49 Other bacterial diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A50-A64 Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A65-A69 Other spirochaetal diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A70-A74 Other diseases caused by chlamydiae, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A75-A79 Rickettsioses, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A80-B34 - Viral infections, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A80-A89 Viral infections of the central nervous system, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A90-A99 Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B00-B09 Viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B15-B19 Viral hepatitis, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B20-B24 Human immunodeficiency virus HIV disease, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B25-B34 Other viral diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B35-B89 - Infections caused by fungi protozoans worms and infestations, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B35-B49 Mycoses, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B50-B64 Protozoal diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B65-B83 Helminthiases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B85-B89 Pediculosis acariasis and other infestations, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B90-B99 - Sequelae and diseases classified elsewhere, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B90-B94 Sequelae of infectious and parasitic diseases, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B95-B97 Bacterial viral and other infectious agents, ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - B99 Other infectious diseases

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapters A and B: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - A00-A79 - Bacterial infections and other intestinal infectious diseases and STDs

Asymmetric · Attrition · Conventional · Ground · Guerrilla · Fortification · Maneuver · Naval · Network-centric · Siege · Total · Trench · Unconventional The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system

The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system use of biologically inoculated fabrics Biological warfare has been practised repeatedly throughout history. During the 6th Century B.C., The Assyrians poisoned enemy wells with a fungus that would make the enemy delusional. In 184 BC, Hannibal of Carthage had clay pots filled with poisonous snakes and instructed his soldiers to thr ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking Crops & Animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance, Biological warfare - Examples of biological warfare, Biological warfare - 1984 Rajneeshee salmonella attack, Biological warfare - 2001 anthrax attack

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - History

In most modern languages, Q is rather superfluous; in Romance and Germanic languages it appears almost exclusively in the digraph QU. In English this digraph most often denotes the cluster /kw/, as it does in Italian (where [w] is an allophone of /u/); in German, /kv/; and in French, Spanish, and Catalan, /k/. (In Spanish and in ...

See also:

Q, Q - Usage, Q - Alternative representations, Q - Computing, Q - Meanings for Q, Q - Q trivia

Read more here: » Q: Encyclopedia II - Q - Usage

Pasteurization is typically associated with milk, first suggested by Franz von Soxhlet in 1886. There are two widely used methods to pasteurize milk: high temperature/short time (HTST), and ultra-high temperature (UHT). HTST is by far the most common method. Milk simply labelled "pasteurized" is usually treated with the HTST method, whereas milk labelled "ultra-pasteurized" or simply "UHT" must be treated with the UHT method. HTST involves holding the milk at a temperature of 161.5 degrees Fahrenheit (or 72 degrees Celsius) for at least 15 seconds. UHT involves holding the milk at a tempe ...

See also:

Pasteurization, Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization, Pasteurization - Alternative pasteurization standards and raw milk, Pasteurization - Are current standards adequate?, Pasteurization - Pasteurized products

Read more here: » Pasteurization: Encyclopedia II - Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization

The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system use of biologically inoculated fabrics Biological warfare has been practised repeatedly throughout history. During the 6th Century B.C., the Assyrians poisoned enemy wells with a fungus that would make the enemy delusional. In 184 BC, Hannibal of Carthage had clay pots filled with poisonous snakes and instructed his soldiers to thr ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - History

Milk pasteurization standards have been subject to increasing scrutiny in recent years, due to the discovery of pathogens that are both widespread and heat resistant (able to survive pasteurization in significant numbers). Researchers have developed more sensitive diagnostics, such as real-time PCR and improved culture methods, that have enabled them to identify pathogens in pasteurized milk. Note: The following parag ...

See also:

Pasteurization, Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization, Pasteurization - Alternative pasteurization standards and raw milk, Pasteurization - Are current standards adequate?, Pasteurization - Pasteurized products

Read more here: » Pasteurization: Encyclopedia II - Pasteurization - Are current standards adequate?

The primary civil defense against biological weaponry is to wash one's hands whenever one moves to a different building or set of people, and avoid touching door knobs, walls, the ground and one's mouth and nose. Washing literally sends the germs down the drain. More exotic methods include decontamination, usually done with household chlorine bleach (5% solution of sodium hypochlorite). One useful decontamination is to leave shoes in an entranceway and make people wade and handwash in a footbath of bleach. Another useful techniq ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - Protective measures

Ideal characteristics of biological weapons are high infectivity, high potency, availability of vaccines, and delivery as an aerosol. Diseases most likely to be considered for use as biological weapons are contenders because of their lethality (if delivered efficiently), and robustness (making aerosol delivery feasible). The biological agents used in biological weapons can often be manufactured quickly and easily. The primary difficulty is not the production of the b ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics

Biological warfare can also specifically target plants to destroy crops or defoliate vegetation. The United States and Britain discovered plant growth regulators (i.e., herbicides) during the Second World War, and initiated a Herbicidal Warfare program that was eventually used in Malaya and Vietnam in counter insurgency. Though herbicides are chemicals, they are often grouped with biological warfare as bioregulators in a similar manner as biotoxins. The United States developed an anti-crop capability during the Cold War that used plan ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals

In addition to the standard HTST and UHT pasteurization standards, there are other lesser-known pasteurization techniques. The first technique, called "batch pasteurization", involves heating large batches of milk to a lower temperature, typically 155 °F (68 °C). The other technique is called higher-heat/shorter time (HHST), and it lies somewhere between HTST and UHT in terms of time and temperature. Pasteurization ...

See also:

Pasteurization, Pasteurization - Milk pasteurization, Pasteurization - Alternative pasteurization standards and raw milk, Pasteurization - Are current standards adequate?, Pasteurization - Pasteurized products

Read more here: » Pasteurization: Encyclopedia II - Pasteurization - Alternative pasteurization standards and raw milk

It is important to note that all of the classical and modern biological weapons organisms are animal diseases, the only exception being smallpox. Thus, in any use of biological weapons, it is highly likely that animals will become ill either simultaneously with, or perhaps earlier than humans. Indeed, in the largest biological weapons "accident" known -- the anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Soviet Union in 1979, sheep became ill with anthrax as far as 200 kilometers from the release point of the organism from a military facility i ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance