The word Philosophy has a variety of meanings. Its etymology is from the ancient Greek word "Φιλοσοφία" (philo-sophia), which means "love of wisdom." Philosophy - Branches of philosophy. Philosophers analyse and investigate such concepts as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty. Philosophers may ask critical questions about the nature of these concepts — questions typically outside the scope of other disciplines, such as science. Several major works of post ...

Including:

• Philosophy - Branches of philosophy
• Philosophy - Applied philosophy
• Philosophy - Philosophical traditions
• Philosophy - History of Philosophy
• Philosophy - General philosophy topics
• Philosophy - General philosophy lists
• Philosophy - History of philosophy
• Philosophy - Bibliography
• Philosophy - Introductions
• Philosophy - Reference works

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Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat, beef, poultry, fish or their by-products, with or without the use of dairy products or eggs [1]. The exclusion may also extend to products derived from animal carcasses, such as lard, tallow, gelatin, rennet and cochineal. Some who follow the diet also choose to refrain from wearing products that involve the death of animals, such as leather, silk, feather, and fur. It should be noted that although many vegetarians abstain from all animal by-products, others make exceptions in their di ...

Including:

• Vegetarianism - History
• Vegetarianism - Recent trends
• Vegetarianism - Terminology and varieties of vegetarianism
• Vegetarianism - Motivation
• Vegetarianism - Religious
• Vegetarianism - Nutritional
• Vegetarianism - Ethical
• Vegetarianism - Environmental
• Vegetarianism - Social
• Vegetarianism - Spiritual
• Vegetarianism - Physiological
• Vegetarianism - Aesthetic
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian cuisine
• Vegetarianism - Country specific information
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian societies
• Vegetarianism - Criticism
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet and longevity
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet is not a healthy diet
• Vegetarianism - Environment
• Vegetarianism - Animal Right

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Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC - 400s BC - 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC Years: 413 BC 412 BC 411 BC 410 BC 409 BC - 408 BC - 407 BC 406 BC 405 BC 404 BC 403 BC 408 BC - Events. Euripides writes Orestes and The Cyclops Cities of Rhodes unite and start construction of the new city of Rhodes. 408 BC - Births. Eudoxus of Cnidus, early mathematician and adherent of Pythagoras Dion, s ...

Including:

• 408 BC - Events
• 408 BC - Births
• 408 BC - Deaths

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 5th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 520s BC 510s BC 500s BC 490s BC 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC Years: 480 BC 479 BC 478 BC 477 BC 476 BC - 475 BC - 474 BC 473 BC 472 BC 471 BC 470 BC 475 BC - Events. Zhou Yuan Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 475 BC - Births. 475 BC - Deaths. Heraclitus of Ephesus, Greek philosopher ...

Including:

• 475 BC - Events
• 475 BC - Births
• 475 BC - Deaths

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Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. It was one of the two fields of pre-modern mathematics, the other being the study of numbers. In modern times, geometric concepts have been generalized to a high level of abstraction and complexity, and have been subjected to the methods of calculus and abstract algebra, so that many modern branches of the field are barely recognizable as the descendants of early geometry. (See areas of mathemat ...

Including:

• Geometry - The earliest geometry
• Geometry - The Greek period c. 600 B.C. – 600 A.D.
• Geometry - Thales and Pythagoras
• Geometry - Plato
• Geometry - Euclid
• Geometry - Archimedes
• Geometry - After Archimedes
• Geometry - The Middle Ages Renaissance and Reformation
• Geometry - The 17th and early 18th centuries
• Geometry - The late 18th and 19th centuries
• Geometry - Non-Euclidean geometry
• Geometry - Introduction of mathematical rigor
• Geometry - Analysis situs or topology
• Geometry - The 20th century

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 5th century BC - Overview. The 5th and 6th centuries BC are a period of philosophical brilliance among advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek philosophy develops during the 5th century BC, setting the foundation for Western ideology. In Athens and elsewhere in the Mediterranean world, the 5th century marks a high point in the development of political institutions, art, architecture,and literature. 5th century ...

Including:

• 5th century BC - Overview
• 5th century BC - Events
• 5th century BC - Significant persons
• 5th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 5th century BC - Decades and years

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Using a The Tetractys, also known as the decad, is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the followers of the secret worship of the Pythagoreans. * * * * * * * * * * Tetractys - Pythagorean symbol. The Tetractys symbolized the four elements - earth, air, fire, and water. The first four numbers also symbolized the harmony of the sp ...

Including:

• Tetractys - Pythagorean symbol
• Tetractys - Kabbalist symbol
• Tetractys - Tarot card reading arrangement

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The Arabesque, an aspect of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls of mosques, is an elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants and animals. The choice of which geometric forms are to be used and how they are to be formatted is based upon the Islamic view of the world. To Muslims, these forms, taken together, constitute an infinite pattern that extends beyond the visible material world. To many in the Islamic world, they in fact symbolize the infinite, and therefore uncentralized, na ...

Including:

• Arabesque - History
• Arabesque - Description and symbolism
• Arabesque - Two modes
• Arabesque - Calligraphy
• Arabesque - Role
• Arabesque - Order and unity

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Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ) — Granth is Punjabi for book; Sahib is Hindi meaning master, from Arabic, meaning companion, friend, owner, or master — is more than a holy book of the Sikhs. The Sikhs treat this Granth (holy book) as a living Guru. The holy text spans 1430 pages and contains the actual words spoken by the founders of the Sikh religion and various other S ...

Including:

• Guru Granth Sahib - Printing

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Shabd or Shabda literally means “sound” or “word” in Sanskrit. [1] Esoterically, Shabd is the “Sound Current vibrating in all creation. It can be heard by the inner ears.” [2] Variously referred to as the Audible Life Stream, Inner Sound, Sound Current or Word in English, the Shabd is the esoteric essence ...

Including:

• Shabd - Other terms for Shabd
• Shabd - Quotes
• Shabd - Notes

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Thales (in Greek: Θαλής) of Miletus (ca. 635 BC-543 BC), also known as Thales the Milesian, was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition as well as the father of science. Thales - Life. Thales lived in the city of Miletus, in Ionia, now western Turkey. According to Herodotus, he was of Phoenician descent. It was said that Thales had no children but adopted his nephew as his son. The well-t ...

Including:

• Thales - Life
• Thales - Theories and influence
• Thales - Sources
• Thales - Interpretations
• Thales - Trivia

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Heliopolis (Greek Ἡλίου πόλις) was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. Confusingly, its name also refers (in European languages) to an unrelated modern suburb of Cairo, properly known as مصر الجديدة, Miṣr al-ǧidīdah (literally "New Egypt"). The ancient city stood five miles east of the Nile north of the apex of the Delta at عين شمس ˁAyn Šams near the Cairene suburb of al-Maṭariyyah; the modern city of Heliopolis is some distance away. In ancient times it was the principal seat of sun-worship, thus its n ...

Including:

• Heliopolis - Ancient Heliopolis
• Heliopolis - Modern times

Read more here: » Heliopolis: Encyclopedia - Heliopolis

In Celtic polytheism the word Druid denotes the priestly class in ancient Celtic societies, which existed through much of Western Europe north of the Alps and in the British Isles. Druidic practices were part of the culture of all the tribal peoples called "Keltoi" and "Galatai" by Greeks and "Celtae" and "Galli" by Romans, which evolved into modern English "Celtic" and "Gaulish". Modern attempts at reconstructing or reinventing Druidism are called Neo-druidism. Druid - Etymology. The word DruidIncluding:

• Druid - Etymology
• Druid - History
• Druid - Roman sources
• Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland
• Druid - Social and religious influence
• Druid - Druidic sites
• Druid - In Christian literature
• Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders
• Druid - The Druidic Revival
• Druid - Modern Druidism

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Diagnosis (from the Greek words dia = by and gnosis = knowledge) is the process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. The conclusion reached through that process is also called a diagnosis. The term "diagnostic criteria" designates the combination of symptoms which allows the doctor to ascertain the diagnosis of the respective disease. Typically, someone with abnormal symptoms will consult a physician, who will then obtain a history of their pre ...

Including:

• Diagnosis - History
• Diagnosis - Ancient Greece
• Diagnosis - The Oslerian ideal
• Diagnosis - Garrod's view
• Diagnosis - Present-day Oslerian practice
• Diagnosis - Influence of DNA technology
• Diagnosis - Hypothesis testing

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 6th century BC - Overview. The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time of learning and philosophy. Mediterranean: Beginning of Greek philosophy, flourishes during the 5th century BC East Asia: Chinese philosophy become the "religion" of China. Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and Moism flourish. Middle East: During the Persian empire, Zoroaster, aka Zarathustra, founded Zoroastrianism ...

Including:

• 6th century BC - Overview
• 6th century BC - Events
• 6th century BC - Significant persons
• 6th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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Beauty is the phenomenon of the experience of pleasure, through the perception of balance and proportion of stimulus. It involves the cognition of a balanced form and structure that elicits attraction and appeal towards a person, animal, inanimate object, scene, music, or idea. The opposite of beauty is ugliness, the experience of displeasure at some stimulus. Beauty - Beauty and aesthetics. Understanding the nature and meaning of beauty is one of the key themes in the philosophical discipline known as aest ...

Including:

• Beauty - Beauty and aesthetics
• Beauty - Theories of beauty
• Beauty - Mathematical Beauty
• Beauty - Effects of beauty in human society

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Surat Shabd Yoga or Surat Shabda Yoga is a form of spiritual practice that is followed in the Sant Mat and many other related spiritual traditions. As a Sanskrit term, surat means "soul," shabd means "word" and yoga means "union." The term "word" means the “Sound Current,” the “Audible Life Stream” or the “Essence of the Absolute Supreme Being,” that is, the dynamic force of creative energy that was sent out, as sound vibration, from the Supreme Being into the abyss of space at the dawn of the u ...

Including:

• Surat Shabd Yoga - Basic principles
• Surat Shabd Yoga - Movements and masters
• Surat Shabd Yoga - Variations in movements
• Surat Shabd Yoga - Notes and references

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Scientific theories are sometimes labelled 'numerology' if their primary inspiration appears to be mathematical rather than scientific. This colloquial use of the word 'numerology' is quite common within the scientific community and it is mostly used to dismiss a theory as questionable science. The best known example of 'numerology' in science involves the co-incidental resemblance of certain large numbers that intrigued for example such eminent mathematical physicists as Dirac, Weyl and Eddington. These numerical co-incidences refer ...

See also:

Numerology, Numerology - Esoteric significance of numbers, Numerology - One, Numerology - Two, Numerology - Three, Numerology - Four, Numerology - Five, Numerology - Six, Numerology - Seven, Numerology - Eight, Numerology - Nine, Numerology - Ten, Numerology - Eleven, Numerology - Twelve, Numerology - Thirteen, Numerology - Twenty-two, Numerology - Fifty-one, Numerology - Zero, Numerology - Alphabetic harmonics, Numerology - Numerological divination, Numerology - Numerology in science, Numerology - Postmodern critique, Numerology - Numerology and astrology, Numerology - In popular culture, Numerology - Days of Birth reveal your character, Numerology - Sunday born, Numerology - Monday born, Numerology - Tuesday born, Numerology - Wednesday born, Numerology - Thursday born, Numerology - Friday born, Numerology - Saturday born

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The computation of trigonometric functions is a complicated subject, which can today be avoided by most people because of the widespread availability of computers and scientific calculators that provide built-in trigonometric functions for any angle. In this section, however, we describe more details of their computation in three important contexts: the historical use of trigonometric tables, the modern techniques used by computers, and a few "important" angles where simple exact values are easily found. (Below, it suffices to consider a sma ...

See also:

Trigonometric function, Trigonometric function - List of trigonometric functions, Trigonometric function - History, Trigonometric function - Right triangle definitions, Trigonometric function - Mnemonics, Trigonometric function - Slope definitions, Trigonometric function - Unit-circle definitions, Trigonometric function - Series definitions, Trigonometric function - Relationship to exponential function, Trigonometric function - Definitions via differential equations, Trigonometric function - The significance of radians, Trigonometric function - Other definitions, Trigonometric function - Computation, Trigonometric function - Inverse functions, Trigonometric function - Identities, Trigonometric function - Properties and applications, Trigonometric function - Law of sines, Trigonometric function - Law of cosines, Trigonometric function - Law of tangents

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The trigonometric functions are periodic, so we must restrict their domains before we are able to define a unique inverse. In the following, the functions on the left are defined by the equation on the right; these are not proved identities. The principal inverses are usually defined as: For inverse trigonometric functions, the notations sin−1 and cos−1 are often used for arcsin and arccos, etc. When this notation is used, the inverse functions are sometimes confused with the multiplicative in ...

See also:

Trigonometric function, Trigonometric function - List of trigonometric functions, Trigonometric function - History, Trigonometric function - Right triangle definitions, Trigonometric function - Mnemonics, Trigonometric function - Slope definitions, Trigonometric function - Unit-circle definitions, Trigonometric function - Series definitions, Trigonometric function - Relationship to exponential function, Trigonometric function - Definitions via differential equations, Trigonometric function - The significance of radians, Trigonometric function - Other definitions, Trigonometric function - Computation, Trigonometric function - Inverse functions, Trigonometric function - Identities, Trigonometric function - Properties and applications, Trigonometric function - Law of sines, Trigonometric function - Law of cosines, Trigonometric function - Law of tangents

Read more here: » Trigonometric function: Encyclopedia II - Trigonometric function - Inverse functions

The trigonometric functions, as the name suggests, are of crucial importance in trigonometry, mainly because of the following two results: Trigonometric function - Law of sines. The law of sines for an arbitrary triangle states: It can be proven by dividing the triangle into two right ones and using the above definition of sine. The common number (sinA)/a occurring in the theorem is the reciprocal of the diameter of the circle through the three points ASee also:

Trigonometric function, Trigonometric function - List of trigonometric functions, Trigonometric function - History, Trigonometric function - Right triangle definitions, Trigonometric function - Mnemonics, Trigonometric function - Slope definitions, Trigonometric function - Unit-circle definitions, Trigonometric function - Series definitions, Trigonometric function - Relationship to exponential function, Trigonometric function - Definitions via differential equations, Trigonometric function - The significance of radians, Trigonometric function - Other definitions, Trigonometric function - Computation, Trigonometric function - Inverse functions, Trigonometric function - Identities, Trigonometric function - Properties and applications, Trigonometric function - Law of sines, Trigonometric function - Law of cosines, Trigonometric function - Law of tangents

Read more here: » Trigonometric function: Encyclopedia II - Trigonometric function - Properties and applications

Theorem: There exists exactly one pair of real functions s, c with the following properties: For any : ...

See also:

Trigonometric function, Trigonometric function - List of trigonometric functions, Trigonometric function - History, Trigonometric function - Right triangle definitions, Trigonometric function - Mnemonics, Trigonometric function - Slope definitions, Trigonometric function - Unit-circle definitions, Trigonometric function - Series definitions, Trigonometric function - Relationship to exponential function, Trigonometric function - Definitions via differential equations, Trigonometric function - The significance of radians, Trigonometric function - Other definitions, Trigonometric function - Computation, Trigonometric function - Inverse functions, Trigonometric function - Identities, Trigonometric function - Properties and applications, Trigonometric function - Law of sines, Trigonometric function - Law of cosines, Trigonometric function - Law of tangents

Read more here: » Trigonometric function: Encyclopedia II - Trigonometric function - Other definitions