push-pull

Modelling A locomotive (from lat. locus motivus) is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train, and has no payload capacity of its own; its sole purpose is to move the train along the tracks. In contrast, many trains feature self-propelled payload-carrying vehicles; these are not normally considered locomotives, and may be referred to as multiple units or railcars; the use of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for passenger trains, but very rare for freight (see however CargoSprinter). ...

Including:

• Locomotive - Origins
• Locomotive - Benefits of locomotives
• Locomotive - Classification by motive power
• Locomotive - Steam
• Locomotive - Diesel-mechanical
• Locomotive - Diesel-electric
• Locomotive - Diesel-hydraulic
• Locomotive - Gas turbine-electric
• Locomotive - Electric
• Locomotive - Electro-diesel
• Locomotive - Magnetic levitation
• Locomotive - Classification by use

Read more here: » Locomotive: Encyclopedia - Locomotive

Regional rail or commuter rail usually provide a rail service between a central business district and suburbs or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. The trains providing such services may be termed commuter trains. The development of commuter rail services has become popular today, with the increased public awareness of congestion, dependence on fossil fuels, and other environmental issues, as well as rising automobile costs. Regional rail - Characteristics. Com ...

Including:

• Regional rail - Characteristics
• Regional rail - Defining aspects
• Regional rail - Traffic types
• Regional rail - Seat plans

Read more here: » Regional rail: Encyclopedia - Regional rail

British Rail's third design of carriages was designated Mark 3. There were three sub-divisions; Mark 3, Mark 3A and Mark 3B. Mark 3 refers solely to carriages used as part of High Speed Train sets, while Mark 3A and 3B carriages are both locomotive-hauled, originally used on the West Coast Main Line route from London Euston. Locomotive-hauled trains are now being replaced on the WCML by new Class 390 electric multiple units. Some Mark 3 carriages are being transferred ...

Read more here: » British Rail Mark 3: Encyclopedia - British Rail Mark 3

See also balance, equilibrium. In electronics, a balanced signal is one that is expressed as the difference between two conductors, as opposed to an unbalanced signal that is expressed as the difference between one conductor and a reference earth. Low voltage differential signaling, twin-lead and standard low-impedance microphone cables are all examples of balanced signals. In all three of these applications, noise in a cable run is reduced by the fact that most of the noise is picked up equally by both conductors, and so the signal expressed as the difference between the ...

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The WSDOT Rail Office plans for eventual service of 13 daily round trips between Seattle and Portland and 4-6 round trips between Seattle and Bellingham, with four of those extending to Vancouver, BC. Due to a vote by the Washington State Legislature in 2005, the fourth round trip between Seattle and Portland is scheduled to begin operating in June or July of 2006. These reductions in travel times are also planned: Seattle to Portland - 3:30 (2006); 2:30 (planned) Seattle to Vancouver BC - 3:55 (2006); 2:57 (planned) Vancouver BC ...

See also:

Amtrak Cascades, Amtrak Cascades - Equipment, Amtrak Cascades - Funding, Amtrak Cascades - Future plans, Amtrak Cascades - Vancouver to Seattle projects, Amtrak Cascades - Seattle to Portland projects, Amtrak Cascades - Station stops

Read more here: » Amtrak Cascades: Encyclopedia II - Amtrak Cascades - Future plans

The section of the Northeast Corridor SLE operates on was once the New York-Boston mainline of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. This line is referred to as the Shore Line east of New Haven, to disambiguate it from the alternative Inland Route via Springfield, Massachusetts. In recognition of the large role played by the New Haven in the history and heritage of the state of Connecticut, ConnDOT paints SLE's diesel-powered locomotives i ...

See also:

Shore Line East, Shore Line East - History, Shore Line East - Current service, Shore Line East - Rolling stock, Shore Line East - Station listing

Read more here: » Shore Line East: Encyclopedia II - Shore Line East - History

Usually a terminus is the end destination for any trains calling at the station, but this may not necessarily be the case. If the train must continue a journey after calling at a terminal station, the train may not continue in a straight line through the station, it must reverse out of the station. In such a situation convenience of reversing direction is especially important. For such a train service preferably a train is used for which the driver just has to walk to the other side: Some locomotives can operate in push-p ...

See also:

Terminal station, Terminal station - Rail services, Terminal station - Continuing service with reversed direction

Read more here: » Terminal station: Encyclopedia II - Terminal station - Continuing service with reversed direction

There are a number of sub-classes of tank locomotive, mostly based on the location and style of the water tanks. These include the side tank, the saddle tank, the pannier tank, the well tank and others. Tank locomotive - Side tank. The water is contained in two somewhat rectangular tanks mounted on each side of the locomotive, next to the boiler. This is the most common configuration. The side tanks, however, restrict access to the motion.

Tank locomotive, Tank locomotive - Types of tank, Tank locomotive - Side tank, Tank locomotive - Saddle tank, Tank locomotive - Pannier tank, Tank locomotive - Well tank, Tank locomotive - Pros and cons, Tank locomotive - Popularity, Tank locomotive - Preservation, Tank locomotive - Tank locomotives in fiction

Read more here: » Tank locomotive: Encyclopedia II - Tank locomotive - Types of tank

The AMT has two types of trains: diesel push-pull trains and electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. The Deux-Montagnes line is the only EMU line, all the others use push-pull locomotives. The Deux-Montagnes line is electrified because of the 3-mile long tunnel to Central Station where diesel trains are prohibited. The AMT commuter trains (trains de banlieue) operate on tracks owned by Canadian National and Canadian Pacific. The Deux-Montagnes and Mont-Saint-Hilaire lines run on CN trackage and operate out of Central Station, whil ...

See also:

Agence métropolitaine de transport, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Overview, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Commuter trains, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Fares, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Locomotives and Passenger Vehicles, Agence métropolitaine de transport - History, Agence métropolitaine de transport - List of commuter train stations, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Dorion-Rigaud Line, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Deux-Montagnes Line, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Blainville Line, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Mont-Saint-Hilaire Line, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Delson-Candiac Line, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Express buses, Agence métropolitaine de transport - Future projects

Read more here: » Agence métropolitaine de transport: Encyclopedia II - Agence métropolitaine de transport - Commuter trains

In 1997, when Virgin Trains won the InterCity West Coast franchise, they were obliged to replace the ageing train fleet they inherited with new trains. The old fleet consisted of an assortment of Classes 86, 87 and 90 electric locomotives, which operated in push-pull mode with Mk.2 and Mk.3 coaching stock. Virgin placed an order with Alstom/Fiat for the construction of new tilting trains. Tilting trains were nothing new for the West Coast Main Line. Twenty years previously, British Rail had developed the revolutionary, but ultimately ...

See also:

British Rail Class 390, British Rail Class 390 - Description, British Rail Class 390 - Current operations

Read more here: » British Rail Class 390: Encyclopedia II - British Rail Class 390 - Description

Some services below usually, but not necessarily always, involve a change of trains. Changing points are shown in bold type. Usually services at different times of day will serve a different subset of the stations shown below. The "stations served" lists all possible stops for any train on a given route. As an example, some services to Limerick do not involve a change at Limerick Junction, and some services to Cork may stop at Limerick Junction, Charleville and Mallow only. Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Belfast. Stations served - Dublin Connolly, Dr ...

See also:

Rail transport in Ireland, Rail transport in Ireland - Traction, Rail transport in Ireland - Locomotives, Rail transport in Ireland - Multiple units, Rail transport in Ireland - Rolling Stock, Rail transport in Ireland - Main routes, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Belfast, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Cork, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Limerick, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Galway, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Tralee, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Waterford, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Wexford/Rosslare Europort, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Sligo, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin to Westport/Ballina, Rail transport in Ireland - Regional Routes, Rail transport in Ireland - Limerick to Nenagh/Ballybrophy/Dublin, Rail transport in Ireland - Limerick to Ennis, Rail transport in Ireland - Limerick to Waterford/Rosslare, Rail transport in Ireland - Cork Suburban, Rail transport in Ireland - Cork to Cóbh, Rail transport in Ireland - Cork to Midleton, Rail transport in Ireland - Cork to Mallow, Rail transport in Ireland - Galway Suburban, Rail transport in Ireland - DART/Commuter Dublin Suburban, Rail transport in Ireland - Dublin Rail Plan, Rail transport in Ireland - Northern Commuter, Rail transport in Ireland - Northwest Commuter Maynooth and Mullingar Services, Rail transport in Ireland - Northwest Commuter Clonsilla-Navan Project, Rail transport in Ireland - Kildare Commuter, Rail transport in Ireland - Southern service, Rail transport in Ireland - DART, Rail transport in Ireland - Northern Ireland, Rail transport in Ireland - Suburban, Rail transport in Ireland - Derry, Rail transport in Ireland - Other lines, Rail transport in Ireland - Limerick to Foynes

Read more here: » Rail transport in Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Rail transport in Ireland - Main routes

Great Central Railway preserved - Loughborough section. Loughborough Central Station Grid reference SK543193 is a medium-sized station set in the 1960s and has an extensive canopy. It also has a small museum. Loughborough shed SK543198) is to the North, and is open to the public. Travelling south from there, the first station is Quorn and Woodhouse (SK549161), where there is better car parking than at Loughborough and disabled access (Loughborough only being accessible via stairs). Quorn is laid out to appear as it would in the 1940s. Near Swithland, the r ...

See also:

Great Central Railway preserved, Great Central Railway preserved - History, Great Central Railway preserved - Route description, Great Central Railway preserved - Loughborough section, Great Central Railway preserved - Nottingham section, Great Central Railway preserved - The Gap, Great Central Railway preserved - Locomotives, Great Central Railway preserved - Nottingham Heritage Centre, Great Central Railway preserved - Locomotives, Great Central Railway preserved - How to get there

Read more here: » Great Central Railway preserved: Encyclopedia II - Great Central Railway preserved - Route description

There are a number of sub-classes of tank locomotive, mostly based on the location and style of the water tanks. These include the side tank, the saddle tank, the pannier tank, the well tank and others. Tank locomotive - Side tank. The water is contained in two somewhat rectangular tanks mounted on each side of the locomotive, next to the boiler. This is the most common configuration. The side tanks, however, restrict access to the motion. < ...

See also:

Tank locomotive, Tank locomotive - Types of tank, Tank locomotive - Side tank, Tank locomotive - Saddle tank, Tank locomotive - Pannier tank, Tank locomotive - Well tank, Tank locomotive - Pros and cons, Tank locomotive - Popularity, Tank locomotive - Preservation, Tank locomotive - Tank locomotives in fiction

Read more here: » Tank locomotive: Encyclopedia II - Tank locomotive - Types of tank

Transformer - Cores. Transformers for use at power or audio frequencies have cores made of many thin laminations of silicon steel. By concentrating the magnetic flux, more of it is usefully linked by both primary and secondary windings. Since the steel core is conductive, it, too, has currents induced in it by the changing magnetic flux. Each layer is insulated from the adjacent layer to reduce the energy lost to eddy current heating of the core. A typical laminated core is made from E-shaped and I-shaped p ...

See also:

Transformer, Transformer - Introduction, Transformer - Basic principles, Transformer - An analogy, Transformer - Flux coupling laws, Transformer - Invention, Transformer - Practical considerations, Transformer - Classifications, Transformer - Losses, Transformer - High frequency operation, Transformer - Construction, Transformer - Cores, Transformer - Windings, Transformer - Insulation, Transformer - Shielding, Transformer - Coolant, Transformer - Terminals, Transformer - Enclosure, Transformer - Transformer designs, Transformer - Autotransformers, Transformer - Polyphase transformers, Transformer - Resonant transformers, Transformer - Instrument transformers, Transformer - Pulse transformers, Transformer - RF transformers, Transformer - Audio transformers, Transformer - Uses of transformers

Read more here: » Transformer: Encyclopedia II - Transformer - Construction

A fleet of fifty Class 90/0 locomotives were built in the late 1980s, numbered 90001-050. They were developed from the earlier Class 87 locomotives, but featured many improvements and new features. The Class 90s were primarily built to replace the ageing fleets of Classes 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85 dating from the early-1960s, which were prone to fire damage. The class is fitted with rheostatic brakes, in addition to standard westinghouse air brake equipment. A Time-Division Multiplexer or TDM is fitted to enable two or more locomot ...

See also:

British Rail Class 90, British Rail Class 90 - Description, British Rail Class 90 - Current Operations, British Rail Class 90 - EWS, British Rail Class 90 - Freightliner, British Rail Class 90 - One Anglia, British Rail Class 90 - Virgin Trains, British Rail Class 90 - Fleet Details

Read more here: » British Rail Class 90: Encyclopedia II - British Rail Class 90 - Description

In more modern times, transistor amplifiers have become dominant, mainly because they are cheaper to produce, operate on lower voltages (including batteries, in applications such as car radios.), smaller in size, and most importantly, because of their reliability and shock resistance. However, valve amplifiers have retained a loyal following among audio fanatics, especially for SET's, in Japan, and in recent ye ...

See also:

Valve sound, Valve sound - Device characteristics, Valve sound - Bandwidth, Valve sound - Asymmetry, Valve sound - Negative feedback, Valve sound - Power Supplies, Valve sound - Modern amplifiers

Read more here: » Valve sound: Encyclopedia II - Valve sound - Modern amplifiers

There are 13 branches on the Regional Rail system, with 7 on the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) side and 6 on the Reading Company side. Each PRR branch is paired up with a Reading branch and given a route number from R1 to R8 (skipping R4), so that one route number describes two branches, one on the PRR side and one on the Reading side. This can lead to some confusion when referring to branches and finding which train to board, since there are two outlying endpoints for each route, and one has to remember the ...

See also:

SEPTA Regional Rail, SEPTA Regional Rail - Routes, SEPTA Regional Rail - Equipment, SEPTA Regional Rail - Speed limits, SEPTA Regional Rail - SEPTA main line, SEPTA Regional Rail - Branch lines, SEPTA Regional Rail - History, SEPTA Regional Rail - The Pennsy and the Reading, SEPTA Regional Rail - Conrail, SEPTA Regional Rail - The end of diesel routes, SEPTA Regional Rail - Expansion and cutbacks in the 1980s, SEPTA Regional Rail - RailWorks, SEPTA Regional Rail - Original route numbering plan, SEPTA Regional Rail - Ridership, SEPTA Regional Rail - Timeline

Read more here: » SEPTA Regional Rail: Encyclopedia II - SEPTA Regional Rail - Routes

In the mid-1990s, British Rail was privatised, and the Class 86 fleet was divided among several operators. These are dealt with separately below. British Rail Class 86 - Anglia Railways / 'One' Railway. Anglia Railways was one of three passenger franchises to inherit the class. A fleet of 15 locomotives (nos. 86215/217/218/220/221/223/230, 86232/235/237/238/246/250/252/257) were inherited, which were used to exclusively haul London Liverpool Street-Norwich express services. The locomotives were used ...

See also:

British Rail Class 86, British Rail Class 86 - Description, British Rail Class 86 - Current Operations, British Rail Class 86 - Anglia Railways / 'One' Railway, British Rail Class 86 - English Welsh and Scottish Railway EWS, British Rail Class 86 - FM Rail, British Rail Class 86 - Freightliner, British Rail Class 86 - Network Rail, British Rail Class 86 - Virgin Trains, British Rail Class 86 - Preservation, British Rail Class 86 - Fleet Summary, British Rail Class 86 - Fleet Details

Read more here: » British Rail Class 86: Encyclopedia II - British Rail Class 86 - Current Operations

The photo-isomerization of azobenzene is extremely rapid, occurring on picosecond timescales. The thermal back-relaxation varies greatly depending on the compound: usually hours for azobenzene-type molecules, minutes for aminoazobenzenes, and seconds for the pseudo-stilbenes. The mechanism of isomerization has been the subject of some debate, with two pathways identified as viable: a rotation about the N-N bond, which disruption of the double bond, or via an inversion, with a semi-linear and hybridized transition state. ...

See also:

Azobenzene, Azobenzene - Spectroscopic classification, Azobenzene - Photophysics of isomerization, Azobenzene - Photoinduced motions

Read more here: » Azobenzene: Encyclopedia II - Azobenzene - Photophysics of isomerization

Trains in the Netherlands - Diesel multiple units. Buffel (DM'90) are the only diesel trains still operating for the NS. They are evidently used on the diesel lines, namely Nijmegen-Roermond, Zwolle-Enschede and Zwolle-Kampen. NoordNed also uses these trains between Leeuwarden and Groningen. The following diesel tracks are serviced by Syntus; namely Arnhem - Winterswijk, Arnhem - Tiel and Zutphen - Oldenzaal. The Wadlopers are a diesel hydraulic multiple unit ...

See also:

Trains in the Netherlands, Trains in the Netherlands - Locomotives, Trains in the Netherlands - Steam locomotives, Trains in the Netherlands - Diesel locomotives, Trains in the Netherlands - Electric locomotives, Trains in the Netherlands - Multiple units, Trains in the Netherlands - Diesel multiple units, Trains in the Netherlands - Electric multiple units, Trains in the Netherlands - Coaches, Trains in the Netherlands - In use, Trains in the Netherlands - Not in use anymore, Trains in the Netherlands - Train accidents

Read more here: » Trains in the Netherlands: Encyclopedia II - Trains in the Netherlands - Multiple units