Both Christianity and Judaism believe in some form of judgement. The Christian view is very well defined - every human is a sinner, and nothing but being saved by God's grace (and not through any merit of ones own actions) can change the damnatory sentence to salvation. There is a judgement after death, and Christ will return to judge the living and dead. Those positively judged will be saved and live in God's presence in heaven, those who are negatively judged will be ca ...

See also:

Judaism and Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Neither religion is monolithic, Judaism and Christianity - Raison d'être of the religion, Judaism and Christianity - The nature of religion: national versus universal, Judaism and Christianity - Concepts of God, Judaism and Christianity - Understanding of the Bible, Judaism and Christianity - Sin and Original Sin, Judaism and Christianity - Faith versus good deeds, Judaism and Christianity - Love, Judaism and Christianity - Abortion, Judaism and Christianity - War violence and pacifism, Judaism and Christianity - Judgement, Judaism and Christianity - Capital punishment, Judaism and Christianity - Heaven and Hell, Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah, Judaism and Christianity - Catholic views, Judaism and Christianity - Eastern Orthodox views, Judaism and Christianity - Jewish views, Judaism and Christianity - Evangelism, Judaism and Christianity - Miscellaneous, Judaism and Christianity - Mutual views, Judaism and Christianity - Common Jewish views of Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Common Christian views of Judaism

Read more here: » Judaism and Christianity: Encyclopedia II - Judaism and Christianity - Judgement

Early warning signs regarding the attacks first surfaced in 1996, when Eric Harris created a private website on America Online. The original site was set up to host Doom levels that he and Klebold had created, mainly for friends. Throughout the year, Harris began a primitive blog on the site, which included jokes and small journal entries concerning his thoughts on parents, school, and friends. By the end of the year, the site contained instructions on how to cause mischief, as well as instructions on how to make explosives, and logs of the ...

See also:

Columbine High School massacre, Columbine High School massacre - Warning signs, Columbine High School massacre - Crime punishment and retaliation, Columbine High School massacre - Journals and videos, Columbine High School massacre - Firearms, Columbine High School massacre - April 20 1999: shooting at Columbine High, Columbine High School massacre - The shooting begins, Columbine High School massacre - The library massacre, Columbine High School massacre - Suicide of the shooters, Columbine High School massacre - The shooting ends, Columbine High School massacre - Aftermath, Columbine High School massacre - Third shooter theory, Columbine High School massacre - Aftershock and the search for reasons, Columbine High School massacre - Long-term impact, Columbine High School massacre - Cultural impact, Columbine High School massacre - Notes

Read more here: » Columbine High School massacre: Encyclopedia II - Columbine High School massacre - Warning signs

Anomie, in contemporary English, means a condition or malaise in individuals, characterized by an absence or diminution of standards or values. The word comes from Greek a-: "without", and nomos: "law". This term was used by the Greeks to define anything or anyone against the rules or a condition where the present laws were not applied (illegitimacy, unlawfulness). The contemporary English understanding of the word anomie differs from how the term was originally defined and used by Greeks, often becoming a ...

Including:

• Anomie - Anomie as individual disorder
• Anomie - Anomie as social disorder
• Anomie - Anomie in literature and film

Read more here: » Anomie: Encyclopedia - Anomie

Another example of this metaphorical significance comes in the old saying "The pen is mightier than the sword" -- attributed to Edward Bulwer-Lytton. In the following cases, the sword stands for arms in general, and has often been retained as a symbol even after it had in operational practice been replaced with firearms etcetera. Swords form a suit in the Tarot deck (replaced by spades in the French deck of playing cards). The sword often functions as a symbol of masculinity and particularly -since its ...

See also:

Sword, Sword - History, Sword - Bronze Age, Sword - Iron Age, Sword - Middle Ages, Sword - Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, Sword - Modern Age, Sword - Terminology, Sword - Typology, Sword - Double-edged swords, Sword - Single edged weapons, Sword - Training swords, Sword - Classification, Sword - Punishment devices, Sword - Symbolism

Read more here: » Sword: Encyclopedia II - Sword - Symbolism

Beard - The Ancient and Classical world. Ancient Egyptians associated facial hair with mourning. With the exception of a pencil-thin moustache or goatees, they generally found beards unattractive. The nations in the east generally treated their beards with great care and veneration, and the punishment for licentiousness and adultery was to have the beard of the offending parties publicly cut off. They had such a sacred regard for the preservation of their beards that a man might ple ...

See also:

Beard, Beard - History, Beard - The Ancient and Classical world, Beard - From the Renaissance to the present day, Beard - Modern attitudes in America, Beard - Beards in Religion, Beard - Early Christian attitudes, Beard - Modern prohibition of beards, Beard - Sport, Beard - The Armed Forces, Beard - Sayings about beards, Beard - Beard styles, Beard - Reference

Read more here: » Beard: Encyclopedia II - Beard - History

The concept of self-sacrifice and martyrs are central to Christianity. In Christian teaching, God became incarnate in Jesus Christ to accomplish the reconciliation of God and humanity, which had separated itself from God through sin (see the concept of original sin). God's perfect justice required atonement for sin from humanity if human beings were to be saved from damnation, but God knew limited human beings could not make sufficient atonement, for humanity's offence to God was infinite. So God, in his perfect mercy, himself became a man s ...

See also:

Sacrifice, Sacrifice - Theologies of sacrifice, Sacrifice - Sacrifice in Judaism, Sacrifice - Sacrifice in Islam, Sacrifice - Sacrifice in Hinduism, Sacrifice - Animal sacrifice, Sacrifice - Human sacrifice, Sacrifice - Sacrifice in Christianity, Sacrifice - Sacrifice in games

Read more here: » Sacrifice: Encyclopedia II - Sacrifice - Sacrifice in Christianity

Before their lives began, Romulus and Remus’s grandfather Numitor and his brother Amulius received the throne of Alba Longa upon their father’s death. Numitor received the sovereign powers as his birth right while Amulius received the royal treasury, including the gold Aeneas brought with him from Troy. But because Amulius held the treasury, thus having more power than his brother, he dethroned Numitor as the rightful king. Out of fear that Numitor’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, would produce children that would one day overthrow him as king, he forced Rhea to ...

See also:

Romulus and Remus, Romulus and Remus - Life Before Rome, Romulus and Remus - The Founding of Rome, Romulus and Remus - War with the Sabines, Romulus and Remus - Life After the Founding of Rome, Romulus and Remus - Death Resurrection and Ascension, Romulus and Remus - Sources, Romulus and Remus - Main Sources, Romulus and Remus - Secondary Sources, Romulus and Remus - Notes

Read more here: » Romulus and Remus: Encyclopedia II - Romulus and Remus - Life Before Rome

The story begins in Sigil - "City of Doors" - a city in which the protagonist (The Nameless One) awakens on a mortuary slab, not knowing where or who he is. A chattering skull named Morte floats over to him and informs The Nameless One of writing on his back instructing him to read his journal, and then find someone named Pharod. The Nameless One then embarks on a quest to resolve two fundamental problems: why he is a ...

See also:

Planescape: Torment, Planescape: Torment - Synopsis, Planescape: Torment - Characters, Planescape: Torment - The Nameless One, Planescape: Torment - Ravel Puzzlewell, Planescape: Torment - Trias, Planescape: Torment - Party, Planescape: Torment - Credits, Planescape: Torment - Cast voice, Planescape: Torment - Trivia

Read more here: » Planescape: Torment: Encyclopedia II - Planescape: Torment - Synopsis

Stroud was born in Seattle, Washington, on January 28, 1890, to Elizabeth and Ben Stroud. He was the couple's first child, although Elizabeth had two daughters from a previous marriage. Stroud left home at a young age, and by 1908 was in Cordova, Alaska, where he met and began a relationship with 36-year old Kitty O'Brien, a dance-hall entertainer and prostitute. In November 1908 they moved to Juneau, Alaska. On January 18, 1909, while Robert was away at work, an acquaintance of theirs, F. K. "Charlie" Von Dahmer, raped and viciously ...

See also:

Birdman of Alcatraz, Birdman of Alcatraz - His Life, Birdman of Alcatraz - The Book and Film, Birdman of Alcatraz - Truth versus Fiction

Read more here: » Birdman of Alcatraz: Encyclopedia II - Birdman of Alcatraz - His Life

There have been various movements in art, such as surrealism and cubism, which have been criticized for touching on nihilism, and others like Dada which have embraced it openly. More generally, modern art has been criticised as nihilistic due to its often non-representative nature, as happened with the Nazi party's Degenerate art exhibit. Nihilistic themes can be found in literature and music as well. This is especially true of contemporary music and literature, where the uncertainty following what some perceive as the demise of modernism is explored in detail. ...

See also:

Nihilism, Nihilism - Etymological Origins, Nihilism - Nihilism in Philosophy, Nihilism - Nihilism in Ethics and Morality, Nihilism - Postmodernism and the Breakdown of Knowledge, Nihilism - Nihilism and Nietzsche, Nihilism - Nihilism Self-consistency and Paradox, Nihilism - Nihilism in Art, Nihilism - Dadaism, Nihilism - Nihilism in Literature, Nihilism - Nihilism in Music, Nihilism - Books on Nihilism

Read more here: » Nihilism: Encyclopedia II - Nihilism - Nihilism in Art

1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean Sea and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of G ...

Including:

• 1280s - War and politics
• 1280s - Europe
• 1280s - The Mongol Empire sphere of influence
• 1280s - The Mamluk Sultanate sphere of influence: the Middle East
• 1280s - Culture
• 1280s - Natural events
• 1280s - Science literature and industry
• 1280s - Civic laws and institutions
• 1280s - Art and architecture
• 1280s - Cities and institutions
• 1280s - Religion
• 1280s - Births
• 1280s - Deaths

Read more here: » 1280s: Encyclopedia - 1280s

According to Hindu tradition, Rāma is an Avātara, an incarnation of Vishnu or God. The main purpose of his incarnation is to demonstrate the ideal human life on earth. Ultimately, Rāma slays the rākshasa king Ravana and reestablishes the rule of religious and moral law on earth known in Hinduism as dharma. It has been said that Brahma promised Valmiki, so long as the mountains and seas endure, so long ...

See also:

Ramayana, Ramayana - Timeline, Ramayana - Synopsis, Ramayana - Book I: Bal Kand or The Book of Youth, Ramayana - Book II: Ayodhya Kanda or The Book of Ayodhya, Ramayana - Book III: Aranya Kanda or The Book of the Forest, Ramayana - Book IV: Kishkindha Kanda or The Book of Kishkindha the kingdom of monkeys, Ramayana - Book V: Sundara Kanda or The Book of Sundara another name of Hanuman, Ramayana - Book VI: Yuddha Kanda or The Book of War, Ramayana - Book VII: Uttara Kanda or The Book Beyond, Ramayana - Lessons from the Ramayana, Ramayana - Literary works inspired by the Ramayana, Ramayana - Sugriva's cave of Hampie

Read more here: » Ramayana: Encyclopedia II - Ramayana - Synopsis

 To me design, beauty and art can be defined thus: The truly beautiful design or art form is that which is capable of emptying itself of past meanings and memories again and again and live on through changing contexts adapting itself to new interpretations. This emptiness and this adaptability, I call design.

Read more here: » Vaastu Shastra: SPONTANEOUS ART IN ITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS

In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

Including:

• Motivation - Types of motivation
• Motivation - Physiological needs
• Motivation - Other biological motivations
• Motivation - Secondary goals
• Motivation - Coercion
• Motivation - Self control
• Motivation - Controlling motivation
• Motivation - Early programming
• Motivation - Organization
• Motivation - Drugs
• Motivation - In Education
• Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?
• Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia - Motivation

Littlejohn frequently denounces asylum seekers, homosexuals and single parents, whom he sees as part of a "politically correct" elite, and is also against closer ties between Britain and the European Union, both these standpoints being in keeping with the viewpoint of his most recent employers, the Daily Mail and Sun. He was also very much in favour of the Iraq war in 2003, as was The Sun ...

See also:

Richard Littlejohn, Richard Littlejohn - Career, Richard Littlejohn - Journalism, Richard Littlejohn - Radio, Richard Littlejohn - Television, Richard Littlejohn - Books, Richard Littlejohn - Opinions, Richard Littlejohn - Controversy and criticism, Richard Littlejohn - LBC radio programme, Richard Littlejohn - The Michael Winner incident, Richard Littlejohn - The Will Self incident, Richard Littlejohn - Attitudes to homosexuality, Richard Littlejohn - Johann Hari, Richard Littlejohn - Viz Magazine

Read more here: » Richard Littlejohn: Encyclopedia II - Richard Littlejohn - Opinions

Qing Dynasty - Society. Manchu males had the custom of braiding hair into a pigtail known as a queue. During the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus enforced this custom onto the Han population, and any male who was seen without pigtail outdoors was to be beheaded. Emperor Kangxi commanded the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time, and under Emperor Qianlong, the compilation of a catalogue of the important works on Chinese culture was made. Thousands of books viewed by Manchu rulers as politically unacceptable were destroyed when compiling the cata ...

See also:

Qing Dynasty, Qing Dynasty - Formation of the Manchu state, Qing Dynasty - The conquest of China, Qing Dynasty - Kangxi and Consolidation, Qing Dynasty - The Yongzheng & Qianlong emperors, Qing Dynasty - Rebellion unrest and external pressure, Qing Dynasty - The Rule of Empress Dowager Cixi, Qing Dynasty - Qing government and society, Qing Dynasty - Society, Qing Dynasty - Politics, Qing Dynasty - Bureaucracy, Qing Dynasty - Military, Qing Dynasty - Fall of the Dynasty, Qing Dynasty - Legacy, Qing Dynasty - External link

Read more here: » Qing Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Qing Dynasty - Qing government and society

Sociobiologists believe that animal or human behaviour cannot be satisfactorily explained entirely by "cultural" or "environmental" factors alone. They contend that in order to fully understand behaviour, it must be analyzed with some focus on its evolutionary origins. If Darwin's theory of natural selection is accepted, then inherited behavioural mechanisms that allowed an organism a greater chance of surviving and/or reproducing would be more likely to survive in present organisms. Many biologists accept that these sorts of behaviours are present in animal species. However, there is a great deal of controversy over ...

See also:

Sociobiology, Sociobiology - Sociobiological theory, Sociobiology - Controversy, Sociobiology - Implications of sociobiology

Read more here: » Sociobiology: Encyclopedia II - Sociobiology - Sociobiological theory

In theory the process of "lethal injection" could refer to a wide variety of means of execution: besides the diverse deadly chemicals available for use, intravenous administration can be achieved in a number of different ways. The technique has historical precedents in other forms of execution by poisoning, such as the forced suicide undergone by Socrates, and also in the widespread use of lethal injection as a means of animal euthanasia. In a sense, the snake pit can be also considered a primitive means of lethal injection. The present section discusses the methods of lethal injection in current active use in the world; ...

See also:

Lethal injection, Lethal injection - Procedure, Lethal injection - Procedure in the United States, Lethal injection - History, Lethal injection - Lethal injection drugs, Lethal injection - Sodium Pentothal, Lethal injection - Pancuronium, Lethal injection - Potassium, Lethal injection - Controversy

Read more here: » Lethal injection: Encyclopedia II - Lethal injection - Procedure

Suffering is any unwanted condition and the corresponding negative emotion. It is usually associated with pain and unhappiness, but any condition can be suffering if it is unwanted. Antonyms include happiness or pleasure. In a phrase like "suffering from a disease" emphasis is on having the disease, less on the unhappiness it causes. Acceptance Anger Anticipation Boredom Disgust Envy Fear Guilt Hate Hope Joy Jealousy Love Remorse Sadness
Including:

• Suffering - Abolitionism
• Suffering - Suffering addressed by major faiths
• Suffering - Buddhism
• Suffering - Judaism and Christianity
• Suffering - Language
• Suffering - Law
• Suffering - Spinozistic Definition of Sorrow

Read more here: » Suffering: Encyclopedia - Suffering

Many species; see text and classification Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. These are generally small to medium-size trees or shrubs, mostly of northern temperate climates. The simple leaves may be toothed or lobed. The fruit is a small samara, although the wings may be obscure in some species. They differ from the alders (Alnus, the other genus in the family) in that the female catkins are not woody and disintegrate at maturity, falling apart to release the seeds, unli ...

Including:

• Birch - Species
• Birch - Uses

Read more here: » Birch: Encyclopedia - Birch

Jews believe that a descendant of King David will one day appear to restore the Kingdom of Israel. Jews refer to this person as Moshiach, translated as messiah in English and Christos in Greek. The Hebrew word 'moshiach' (messiah) means 'anointed one,' and refers to a mortal human being. The moshiach is held to be a human being who will be a descendant of King David, and who will usher in an era of peace, prosperity, and spiritual understanding for Israel and all the nations of the world. The traditional Jewish understanding of the me ...

See also:

Judaism and Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Neither religion is monolithic, Judaism and Christianity - Raison d'être of the religion, Judaism and Christianity - The nature of religion: national versus universal, Judaism and Christianity - Concepts of God, Judaism and Christianity - Understanding of the Bible, Judaism and Christianity - Sin and Original Sin, Judaism and Christianity - Faith versus good deeds, Judaism and Christianity - Love, Judaism and Christianity - Abortion, Judaism and Christianity - War violence and pacifism, Judaism and Christianity - Judgement, Judaism and Christianity - Capital punishment, Judaism and Christianity - Heaven and Hell, Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah, Judaism and Christianity - Catholic views, Judaism and Christianity - Eastern Orthodox views, Judaism and Christianity - Jewish views, Judaism and Christianity - Evangelism, Judaism and Christianity - Miscellaneous, Judaism and Christianity - Mutual views, Judaism and Christianity - Common Jewish views of Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Common Christian views of Judaism

Read more here: » Judaism and Christianity: Encyclopedia II - Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah

In 1988, after eight years as Vice President, Bush ran for President. Though considered the early frontrunner for the nomination, Bush came in third in the Iowa caucus, beaten by winner U.S. Senator Bob Dole and runner-up televangelist Pat Robertson. However, Bush rebounded to win the New Hampshire primary, partly because of television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser. Once the multiple-state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossibl ...

See also:

George H. W. Bush, George H. W. Bush - Early life, George H. W. Bush - World War II: decorated naval aviator, George H. W. Bush - Postwar: Yale family oil business, George H. W. Bush - Congressman and failed Senate campaigns, George H. W. Bush - 1970s appointive offices, George H. W. Bush - 1980 presidential campaign, George H. W. Bush - Vice President, George H. W. Bush - 1988 presidential campaign, George H. W. Bush - Presidency, George H. W. Bush - Tiananmen Square April-June 1989, George H. W. Bush - Fall of the Berlin Wall November 1989, George H. W. Bush - Invasion of Panama December 1989, George H. W. Bush - Gulf War January-February 1991, George H. W. Bush - U.S.-Soviet cooperation fall of the Soviet Union and a New World Order 1989-1991, George H. W. Bush - NAFTA 1992, George H. W. Bush - Pardons December 1992, George H. W. Bush - Cabinet, George H. W. Bush - Supreme Court appointments, George H. W. Bush - 1992 failed presidential re-election campaign, George H. W. Bush - Post-presidency, George H. W. Bush - Trivia

Read more here: » George H. W. Bush: Encyclopedia II - George H. W. Bush - 1988 presidential campaign