Exile has a long tradition as a form of punishment. It has been known in Ancient Rome, where the Roman Senate had the power to exile individuals, entire families or countries (which amounted to a declaration of war). In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth a court of law could sentence a noble to exile (banicja). As long as the exile (banita) remained in the Commonwealth he had a price on his head and anybody who killed him could expect a monetary reward from the state (usually a starosta of given region). Special forms of ...

See also:

Exile, Exile - History, Exile - Personal exile, Exile - Government in exile, Exile - Nation in exile, Exile - Tax exile, Exile - Famous people who have been in exile

Read more here: » Exile: Encyclopedia II - Exile - History

Criminal negligence - United States. Examples of criminally negligent crimes are criminally negligent homicide and negligent endangerment of a child. Usually the punishment for criminal negligence, criminal recklessness, criminal endangerment, wilful blindness and other related crimes is imprisonment, unless the criminal is insane (and then in some cases the sentence is indeterminate). See also:

Criminal negligence, Criminal negligence - Discussion, Criminal negligence - What is the reasonable person standard?, Criminal negligence - Particular examples, Criminal negligence - United States, Criminal negligence - English law definition

Read more here: » Criminal negligence: Encyclopedia II - Criminal negligence - Particular examples

As spanking, combining physical discipline (associated with violence = drama) and buttocks (a sexy part of both gender's anatomy), always aroused much human attention, it is no wonder that it entered spheres of life distinct from punishment. Note the issue of legal consent which may or may not represent a defence to criminal liability for any injuries caused during the spanking. Apart from the erotic and from fraternity/sorority type initiations, which have their origin in educational (domestic of boot camp) types of discipline, these include : See also:

Spanking, Spanking - Linguistics, Spanking - What and how, Spanking - Definitions, Spanking - Scope of punitive use, Spanking - Position, Spanking - Procedure, Spanking - Controversy, Spanking - Arguments for spanking, Spanking - Arguments against spanking, Spanking - Alternatives to spanking, Spanking - Minimal use of spanking, Spanking - Other criticisms and questions about spanking, Spanking - The legal situation, Spanking - Non-punitive & Voluntary spankings, Spanking - Folkloristic spanking traditions, Spanking - Recreational context, Spanking - Spanking therapy, Spanking - Adult Spanking, Spanking - Footnotes

Read more here: » Spanking: Encyclopedia II - Spanking - Non-punitive & Voluntary spankings

The Code contemplates the whole population as falling into three classes: the amelu, the muskinu and the ardu. The amelu was a patrician, the man of family, whose birth, marriage and death were registered; of ancestral estates and full civil rights. He had aristocratic privileges and responsibilities, and the right to exact retaliation for corporal injuries, but was liable to a heavier punishment for crimes and misdemeanours, higher fees and fines. To this class belonged the king and court, the higher offic ...

See also:

Babylonian law, Babylonian law - Tribal influences, Babylonian law - Three classes, Babylonian law - Citizens tenants of gods, Babylonian law - Temple, Babylonian law - Property law, Babylonian law - Leasing, Babylonian law - Hired labour, Babylonian law - Debt, Babylonian law - Trade, Babylonian law - Family law, Babylonian law - Marriage, Babylonian law - Divorce, Babylonian law - Widowhood, Babylonian law - Childbearing, Babylonian law - Adoption, Babylonian law - Heirs, Babylonian law - Adultery, Babylonian law - Punishment, Babylonian law - Bibliography

Read more here: » Babylonian law: Encyclopedia II - Babylonian law - Three classes

Hanging is a form of execution or a method for suicide. As form of capital punishment hanging has been used throughout history. There are four methods of hanging: the long drop the short drop the standard drop suspension hanging A long-drop hanging may break the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury ...

Including:

• Hanging - History
• Hanging - Hanging by country
• Hanging - Britain
• Hanging - Soviet Union
• Hanging - Iran
• Hanging - The United States
• Hanging - Singapore
• Hanging - Recent hangings
• Hanging - Grammar
• Hanging - Folklore

Read more here: » Hanging: Encyclopedia - Hanging

Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (or the Marchese de Beccaria-Bonesana) (March 11, 1738 - November 28, 1794) was an Italian philosopher and politician. Cesare Marquis of Beccaria - Birth and education. He was born in Milan, and educated in the Jesuit college at Parma. He showed a great aptitude for mathematics. The study of Montesquieu redirected his attention towards economics; and his first publication (1762) was a tract on the derangement of the currency in the Milanese states, with a proposal for its ...

Including:

• Cesare Marquis of Beccaria - Birth and education
• Cesare Marquis of Beccaria - Publications
• Cesare Marquis of Beccaria - Policies and later life

Read more here: » Cesare Marquis of Beccaria: Encyclopedia - Cesare Marquis of Beccaria

Love has the special quality of attracting abundance of love in return. Ahimsa means the largest love, the greatest charity. As a follower of ahimsa, I must love my enemy. I must apply the same rules to the wrongdoer who is my enemy or a stranger to me, as I would to my wrongdoing father or son.

This active necessarily includes truth and fearlessness. As man cannot deceive loved ones, he does not fear or frighten them. Gift of life is the greatest of all gifts; a man who gives it disarms all hostility. He has paved the way for an honourable understanding.

(See also: Practising Affirmations , Affirmations, Practising Affirmations, Life Transforming Affirmations, Essence of Affirmations, Faith and Belief, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Practising Affirmations: Let Me Hug All of You in Love and Friendship

Tzaraath (tzaraas, tzaraat, tsaraas, tsaraat; Hebrew צרעת) was an affliction mentioned in the Tanach and other Jewish sources, starting in Leviticus chapters 13–14. Although the term is commonly mistranslated leprosy, tzaraath was not leprosy. It affected primarily the afflicted person's skin, but sometimes his clothes and/or house. It is traditionally believed to have come not through natural means but as a punishment for sin, and to have been cured not through natural mea ...

Including:

• Tzaraath - Causes of tzaraath
• Tzaraath - Types of tzaraath
• Tzaraath - Tzaraath of garments
• Tzaraath - Tzaraath of houses

Read more here: » Tzaraath: Encyclopedia - Tzaraath

The first, pivotal, words of the Shema, are: שמע ישראל י-ה-ו-ה אלהינו י-ה-ו-ה אחד Judaism teaches that the Tetragrammaton (י-ה-ו-ה) is the ineffable name of G-d, and as such is not read aloud in the Shema but is traditionally replaced with אדני, Adonai ("my Lord"). For this reason, the Shema is recited aloud as: Shma Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad. (or phonetically, "Sh'ma Yis-ra-el: A ...

See also:

Shema Yisrael, Shema Yisrael - History, Shema Yisrael - Content, Shema Yisrael - Recitation and reading, Shema Yisrael - Accompanying blessings, Shema Yisrael - Bedtime Shema, Shema Yisrael - Other instances, Shema Yisrael - Quote in New Testament, Shema Yisrael - See Also

Read more here: » Shema Yisrael: Encyclopedia II - Shema Yisrael - Content

No religion in this world preaches violence; yet down the ages horrible killings have taken place in the name of religion. Why? There is no simple answer to this question. Perception definitely has a role in this.

The fault somehow always seems to lie with the other religion. Could it be that we perceive other ideologies with bias or ignorance? Perhaps this explanation would have made sense in the dark ages when distance made communication very difficult. Today, it's different - there is free flow of information. There is a great deal of intermingling and intercourse between individuals and communities across the world. Outwardly there appears to be no reason for any acrimony to exist on the basis of one's faith, yet not only does irascibility exist, it is getting to be more pronounced.

(See also: Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Love and Happiness: To Love, Get Down To The Basics

The Cat O' Nine Tails is a type of multi-tailed whipping device that originated as an implement for severe physical punishment as in the British Royal Navy. Cat o' nine tails - Description and History. The naval "cat", also known as the captain's daughter (in principle it was only used under his authority), was about 13 oz. in weight and composed of a baton (handle) and nine thongs. The instrument traditionally has nine thongs as a result of the manner in which rope is braided. Thinner rope is made f ...

Including:

• Cat o' nine tails - Description and History
• Cat o' nine tails - References in modern culture
• Cat o' nine tails - Expressions
• Cat o' nine tails - Books and games
• Cat o' nine tails - Sources and References and further reading

Read more here: » Cat o' nine tails: Encyclopedia - Cat o' nine tails

Parenting is the process of raising a child from birth until they reach adulthood. This task is usually done by the biological parents, but if the parents are unable or unwilling to provide care, the task is usually deferred to adoptive parents, foster parents, close relatives (including older siblings), godparents, or institutions (such as group homes or orphanages). An integral part of parenting is education of the child. (For further details on the education of children, see Education) Parenting - Aspects of pa ...

Including:

• Parenting - Aspects of parenting
• Parenting - Parenting Methods and Practices
• Parenting - Pregnancy and the early years
• Parenting - During infancy
• Parenting - Common areas many parents look to address during infancy
• Parenting - School years
• Parenting - Assistance
• Parenting - Observers
• Parenting - Parenting assessment

Read more here: » Parenting: Encyclopedia - Parenting

Divorce leads to the creation of two households rather than one, with consequent increased costs. All parties suffer these effects. As more men are awarded child custody, many of the roles and difficulties described below may be reversed, although men who are awarded custody have historically been less likely to be awarded child support or alimony. Women often financially suffer as a result of divorce due to lower earning potential in many countries, and to their greater historical role in rearing children (these causes are not unrela ...

See also:

Divorce, Divorce - History of divorce, Divorce - Great Britain, Divorce - Causes of divorce, Divorce - Religious/cultural attitudes to divorce, Divorce - Divorce's financial implications, Divorce - Divorce's medical and psychological implications, Divorce - Legal aspects of divorce, Divorce - Muslim societies, Divorce - United States, Divorce - Canada, Divorce - France, Divorce - Japan, Divorce - Scotland, Divorce - England and Wales, Divorce - Global issues, Divorce - Statistics

Read more here: » Divorce: Encyclopedia II - Divorce - Divorce's financial implications

As the main purpose of this article is to vindicate the Catholic doctrine of the meritoriousness of good works, the subject is treated under the four following heads: Merit - NATURE OF MERIT. If we analyse the definition given above, it becomes evident that the property of merit can be found only in works that are positively good, whilst bad works, whether they benefit or injure a third party, contain nothing but demerit (demeritum) and consequently deserve punishment. Thus the good workman certain ...

See also:

Merit, Merit -
Catholic Doctrine, Merit - NATURE OF MERIT, Merit - The existence of merit, Merit - CONDITIONS OF MERIT, Merit - THE OBJECTS OF MERIT, Merit - External Sources

Read more here: » Merit: Encyclopedia II - Merit -
Catholic Doctrine

Petr Chelčický's teachings included many "new" ideas that appear to permeate present Christian religious thought, though it took the Anabaptists and Baptists to later popularize them. Petr Chelčický - Church and State. Chelčický called the Pope and the emperor (the church and the state) "whales who have torn the net of true faith", because they established the church as the head of a secular empire. Chelčický believed that Christians should follow the law of love, and in so doing should not be comp ...

See also:

Petr Chelčický, Petr Chelčický - Chelčický's Background, Petr Chelčický - Chelčický's Teachings, Petr Chelčický - Church and State, Petr Chelčický - Nonviolence and War, Petr Chelčický - Communal living, Petr Chelčický - Priesthood of the believer, Petr Chelčický - Chelčický's Writings, Petr Chelčický - Chelčický's Influence, Petr Chelčický - Footnotes

Read more here: » Petr Chelčický: Encyclopedia II - Petr Chelčický - Chelčický's Teachings

Philip José Farmer in his Riverworld series (1971) created perhaps the best science fiction depiction of a "man" made hell created with advanced technology that ensures immortality and sustenance but allows suffering. While it is never meant to be hell it quickly becomes hellish because the good and evil are both repeatedly resurrected. Immortal and immoral Dictators end up running many areas. It may be called a humanist model of hell. Yet the author car ...

See also:

Hell, Hell - Origins, Hell - Religious accounts, Hell - Rabbinic Judaism, Hell - Ancient Greek religion, Hell - Christianity, Hell - Islam, Hell - Chinese and Japanese religions, Hell - Hinduism, Hell - Buddhism, Hell - Bahá'í Faith, Hell - Taoism, Hell - Hell in Literature, Hell - Hell in entertainment and other popular culture, Hell - Non-religious context, Hell - Euphemistic ways of saying hell, Hell - Language edits, Hell - Places named Hell

Read more here: » Hell: Encyclopedia II - Hell - Hell in entertainment and other popular culture

The Jain philosophy of Anekantavada (multitude beliefs) tells us that there are no absolute theories or formulae that can describe reality in absolute terms. Rather, our belief of Anekantavada tells us that we do not know the complete truth. We can learn from others as well. Let truth prevail, say Jains . Truth in its final analysis is wholesome and one, which leads us to love and understanding. And that is the very necessary essence of all religions.

Read more here: » Jainism: Let Truth Prevail

List of school pranks - Skirt Float. This prank is usually done by a boy, who puts a helium filled balloon attached to a piece of tape onto the bottom of a girl's skirt. This causes the girl's skirt to lift up without the girl noticing, which exposes her panties. List of school pranks - Impossible sit-up. The act of convincing someone that he or she cannot do a sit-up with the prankster holding a towel over his or her head and pulling forcefully in the opposite direction. Anoth ...

See also:

List of school pranks, List of school pranks - Pain pranks, List of school pranks - Bagging, List of school pranks - Tack on the seat, List of school pranks - Five star, List of school pranks - Hotfoot, List of school pranks - Happy Corner, List of school pranks - Indian burn, List of school pranks - Eraser burn, List of school pranks - Limpy, List of school pranks - Thork, List of school pranks - Milking the mouse, List of school pranks - Thwap, List of school pranks - Palm cancer, List of school pranks - Running Through a Forest, List of school pranks - Typewriter, List of school pranks - Pink belly, List of school pranks - Nipple cripple, List of school pranks - Noogie, List of school pranks - Snap, List of school pranks - Twack, List of school pranks - Hertz donut, List of school pranks - Blanket party, List of school pranks - Charlie horse, List of school pranks - Release arm wrestle, List of school pranks - Embarrassment pranks, List of school pranks - Skirt Float, List of school pranks - Impossible sit-up, List of school pranks - Impossible elbow touch, List of school pranks - Swirly, List of school pranks - Keg, List of school pranks - Wipe-Up, List of school pranks - Special Speech, List of school pranks - The Pen 15 Club, List of school pranks - Wedgie, List of school pranks - Warm water prank, List of school pranks - Annoyance pranks, List of school pranks - Wet willy, List of school pranks - Flat tire, List of school pranks - Snowing in, List of school pranks - Bra strap snap, List of school pranks - Tie tagging, List of school pranks - Short sheeting, List of school pranks - Loose towel, List of school pranks - Towel snap, List of school pranks - Nuggeting Skinning a Backpack, List of school pranks - Peanutting, List of school pranks - Goosing, List of school pranks - Star Wars, List of school pranks - Ankle Tap, List of school pranks - Schoolbagging, List of school pranks - Boost Up, List of school pranks - Road Block, List of school pranks - Senior pranks

Read more here: » List of school pranks: Encyclopedia II - List of school pranks - Embarrassment pranks

Treehouse of Horror V - The Shinning. In a spoof of The Shining, the Simpsons drive to Mr. Burns's mansion in the mountains as winter caretakers. Groundskeeper Willie discovers Bart has a mysterious power known as..."the Shinning", allowing him to read minds. He warns Bart that Homer may go insane and try to kill the whole family. And, indeed, as Burns leaves, he denies Homer access to two of his favorite things—beer and television. Homer is further goaded by the ghost of Moe, who offers to give him beer ...

See also:

Treehouse of Horror V, Treehouse of Horror V - Episode details, Treehouse of Horror V - Opening Sequence, Treehouse of Horror V - Synopsis, Treehouse of Horror V - The Shinning, Treehouse of Horror V - Time and Punishment, Treehouse of Horror V - Nightmare Cafeteria, Treehouse of Horror V - Inspirations, Treehouse of Horror V - Quotes

Read more here: » Treehouse of Horror V: Encyclopedia II - Treehouse of Horror V - Synopsis

Set in the near future, the book centres around the life of the fifteen year old protagonist Alex. Alex and his gang roam the streets at night, committing crimes purely for enjoyment. The crimes described in the book increase in severity, from assault, to robbery, to a fight with rival gang, culminating when the gang breaks into the house of F.D. Alexander and rapes his wife. The gang returns to a bar where Alex hits one of his gang members, Dim, as punishment for Dim's rude behaviour towards a woman who was singing the chorus of Ode to Joy, classical music being Alex's other passion, apart from violence. This sparks o ...

See also:

A Clockwork Orange, A Clockwork Orange - Synopsis, A Clockwork Orange - Analysis, A Clockwork Orange - Influence, A Clockwork Orange - Trivia, A Clockwork Orange - Alternate usages

Read more here: » A Clockwork Orange: Encyclopedia II - A Clockwork Orange - Synopsis

Sisyphus (Greek Σίσυφος; transliteration: Sísuphos; IPA: 'sɪsɪfəs), in Greek mythology, was the son of Aeolus and Enarete, husband of Merope, and King/Founder of Ephyra (Corinth). According to some (later) sources, he was the father of Odysseus by Anticlea, before she married her later husband, Laertes. He was the father of the Corinthian king Glaucus by Merope. He was said to have founded the Isthmian games in honour of Melicertes, whose body he found lyin ...

Including:

• Sisyphus - 'Sisyphean task' or 'Sisyphean challenge'

Read more here: » Sisyphus: Encyclopedia - Sisyphus

The act of tickling has also been known as a method of torture, in that subjecting an extremely ticklish person to prolonged tickling can, in the end, be very painful for the victim. The first use of torture with an element of tickling was during the Roman Empire when a method known as "Goat's tongue" was employed as criminal punishment. This involved covering a victim's feet with salt or a sweet substance, and having a goat lick the soles raw resulting first in tickling and later in painful blisters. The pain in this form of torture is related to the sandpapering of the fe ...

See also:

Tickling, Tickling - Origins, Tickling - Society, Tickling - Torture, Tickling - Fetishism, Tickling - Research, Tickling - Fiction

Read more here: » Tickling: Encyclopedia II - Tickling - Torture