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Ptolemy
A Wisdom Archive on Ptolemy

Ptolemy A selection of articles related to Ptolemy

We recommend this article: Ptolemy - 1, and also this: Ptolemy - 2.

ptolemy, Ptolemy, Ptolemy - Astronomy, Ptolemy - Geographia, Ptolemy - Named after Ptolemy, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and astrology, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and music

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ARTICLES RELATED TO Ptolemy

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Celestial mechanics - Examples of problems

Celestial motion without additional forces such as thrust of a rocket, is governed by gravitational acceleration of masses due to other masses. A simplification is the n-body problem, where we assume n spherically symmetric masses, and integration of the accelerations reduces to summation. Examples: 4-body problem: spaceflight to Mars (for parts of the flight the influence of one or two bodies is very small, so that there we have a 2- or 3-body problem; see also the patched conic approximation) 3-body problem: quasi-satellite space ...

See also:

Celestial mechanics, Celestial mechanics - History of celestial mechanics, Celestial mechanics - Ancient Civilizations, Celestial mechanics - Claudius Ptolemy, Celestial mechanics - Johannes Kepler, Celestial mechanics - Isaac Newton, Celestial mechanics - Albert Einstein, Celestial mechanics - Open problems, Celestial mechanics - Examples of problems, Celestial mechanics - Perturbation theory, Celestial mechanics - External link

Read more here: » Celestial mechanics: Encyclopedia II - Celestial mechanics - Examples of problems

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Mediocrity principle - The Earth is a not-very-exceptional planet

The traditional formulation of the Copernican mediocrity principle is usually played out in the following way: Ancients once thought that Earth was at the center of the solar system, but Copernicus proposed that the Sun was at the center. This heliocentric view was confirmed a hundred years later by Galileo, who demonstrated with a telescope that Jupiter's Moons orbited Jupiter and that Venus must orbit the Sun. In the 1930s, RJ Trumpler found that our solar system was not at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy (as Jacobus Kapteyn claimed), b ...

See also:

Mediocrity principle, Mediocrity principle - The Earth is a not-very-exceptional planet, Mediocrity principle - Critics of the 'ordinary earth' mediocrity principle, Mediocrity principle - As a philosophical statement, Mediocrity principle - Reference

Read more here: » Mediocrity principle: Encyclopedia II - Mediocrity principle - The Earth is a not-very-exceptional planet

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - Other Structures

Precinct of Amon-Re - Sacred Lake. Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ptah. Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ramesses III. Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Khons. Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Opet. Precinct of Amon-Re - Chapel of Osiris / Heqadjet. Precinct of Amon-Re - ...

See also:

Precinct of Amon-Re, Precinct of Amon-Re - East/West axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - Quay, Precinct of Amon-Re - Corridor of Sphinxes, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Great Hypostyle Hall, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Thutmose III & Hatshepsut's obelisks, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fifth and Sixth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sanctuary of Philip Arrhidaeus, Precinct of Amon-Re - Festival Hall of Thutmose III, Precinct of Amon-Re - North/South Axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Court Cachette Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Seventh Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Eighth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Ninth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Tenth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Other Structures, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sacred Lake, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ptah, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ramesses III, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Khons, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Opet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Chapel of Osiris / Heqadjet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Gateway of Ptolemy III Euergetes I Bab el'Amara, Precinct of Amon-Re - Open Air Museum

Read more here: » Precinct of Amon-Re: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - Other Structures

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - East/West axis

The main temple is laid out on an East/West axis, entered via a quay (now dry and several hundred metres from the Nile). Precinct of Amon-Re - Quay. The modern entrance is placed over the end of the ancient quay, causing most visitors to miss this significant feature. Inscribed into the dock (and now many eroded away) are the inundation levels for several kings of the Third Intermediate Period, collectively known as the Nile Quay Texts. ...

See also:

Precinct of Amon-Re, Precinct of Amon-Re - East/West axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - Quay, Precinct of Amon-Re - Corridor of Sphinxes, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Great Hypostyle Hall, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Thutmose III & Hatshepsut's obelisks, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fifth and Sixth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sanctuary of Philip Arrhidaeus, Precinct of Amon-Re - Festival Hall of Thutmose III, Precinct of Amon-Re - North/South Axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Court Cachette Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Seventh Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Eighth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Ninth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Tenth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Other Structures, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sacred Lake, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ptah, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ramesses III, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Khons, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Opet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Chapel of Osiris / Heqadjet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Gateway of Ptolemy III Euergetes I Bab el'Amara, Precinct of Amon-Re - Open Air Museum

Read more here: » Precinct of Amon-Re: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - East/West axis

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - North/South Axis

This axis, with its massive pylons, heads off to the Precinct of Mut. Most of this area is off limits to tourists, as it is under active reconstruction and excavation. Precinct of Amon-Re - First Court Cachette Court. Precinct of Amon-Re - Seventh Pylon. Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Court. Precinct of Amon-Re - Eighth Pylon. Constructed by Hatshepsut (1505-1484 B.C.). Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Court. Precinct of Amon-Re - Ninth Pylon. < ...

See also:

Precinct of Amon-Re, Precinct of Amon-Re - East/West axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - Quay, Precinct of Amon-Re - Corridor of Sphinxes, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Great Hypostyle Hall, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Thutmose III & Hatshepsut's obelisks, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fifth and Sixth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sanctuary of Philip Arrhidaeus, Precinct of Amon-Re - Festival Hall of Thutmose III, Precinct of Amon-Re - North/South Axis, Precinct of Amon-Re - First Court Cachette Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Seventh Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Second Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Eighth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Third Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Ninth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Fourth Court, Precinct of Amon-Re - Tenth Pylon, Precinct of Amon-Re - Other Structures, Precinct of Amon-Re - Sacred Lake, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ptah, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Ramesses III, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Khons, Precinct of Amon-Re - Temple of Opet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Chapel of Osiris / Heqadjet, Precinct of Amon-Re - Gateway of Ptolemy III Euergetes I Bab el'Amara, Precinct of Amon-Re - Open Air Museum

Read more here: » Precinct of Amon-Re: Encyclopedia II - Precinct of Amon-Re - North/South Axis

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Canis Major - Stars

Constellations listed by Ptolemy Constellations changed by Augustin Royer in 1679 ...

See also:

Canis Major, Canis Major - Notable features, Canis Major - Notable deep sky objects, Canis Major - Mythology, Canis Major - Stars, Canis Major - Other uses of the name

Read more here: » Canis Major: Encyclopedia II - Canis Major - Stars

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Concurrent computing - Coordinating access to resources

One of the major issues in concurrent computing is preventing concurrent processes from interfering with each other. For example, consider the following algorithm for making withdrawals from a checking account represented by the shared resource balance: 1 bool withdraw(int withdrawal) { 2 if( balance > withdrawal ) { 3 balance = balance - withdrawal; 4 return true; 5 } else return false; 6 } Suppose balance=500, and two concurrent processes make the calls withdr ...

See also:

Concurrent computing, Concurrent computing - Concurrent interaction and communication, Concurrent computing - Coordinating access to resources, Concurrent computing - Concurrent programming languages, Concurrent computing - Models of concurrency

Read more here: » Concurrent computing: Encyclopedia II - Concurrent computing - Coordinating access to resources

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Concurrent computing - Concurrent programming languages

Concurrent programming languages are programming languages that use language constructs for concurrency. These constructs may involve multi-threading, support for distributed computing, message passing, shared resources (including shared memory) or futures (known also as promises). Today, the most commonly used programming languages that have specific constructs for concurrency are Java and C#. Both of these languages fundamentally use a shared-memory concurrency model, with locking provided by monitors (although message-passin ...

See also:

Concurrent computing, Concurrent computing - Concurrent interaction and communication, Concurrent computing - Coordinating access to resources, Concurrent computing - Concurrent programming languages, Concurrent computing - Models of concurrency

Read more here: » Concurrent computing: Encyclopedia II - Concurrent computing - Concurrent programming languages

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Constellation - History of the Constellations

Our current list is based on those listed by the Roman astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. (Claudius Ptolemy, the astronomer, was not related to the Greek kings of Egypt named Ptolemy.) In more recent times this list has been added to, to fill gaps between Ptolemy's patterns. The Greeks considered the sky as including both constellations and dim spaces between. But Renaisance star catalogs by Johann Bayer and John Fla ...

See also:

Constellation, Constellation - Explanation, Constellation - History of the Constellations, Constellation - Constellations in variant cultures, Constellation - Star names

Read more here: » Constellation: Encyclopedia II - Constellation - History of the Constellations

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Michael Servetus - Career

After his studies in medicine he started a medical practice. He became personal physician to Archbishop Palmier of Vienne, and was also physician to Guy de Maugiron, the lieutenant governor of Dauphiné. While he practiced medicine near Lyon for about fifteen years, he also published two other works dealing with Ptolemy's Geography. Servetus dedicated his first edition of Ptolemy and his edition of the Bible to his patron Hugues de la Porte, and dedicated his second edition of Ptolemy's Geography to his other patron, Archbishop Palmier. Whil ...

See also:

Michael Servetus, Michael Servetus - Early life and education, Michael Servetus - Career, Michael Servetus - Imprisonment and execution, Michael Servetus - Modern relevance, Michael Servetus - Other Reading

Read more here: » Michael Servetus: Encyclopedia II - Michael Servetus - Career

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Fra Mauro map - World map

The Fra Mauro map is unusual in that its orientation is with the south at the top, one of the usual conventions of Muslim maps, in contrast with the Ptolemy map which has the north at the top. Fra Mauro was aware of the Ptolemy map, and commented that it was insufficient for many parts of the world: "I do not think it derogatory to Ptolemy if I do not follow his Cosmografia, because, to have observed his meridians or parallels or degrees, it would be necessary in respect to the setting out of the known parts of this circu ...

See also:

Fra Mauro map, Fra Mauro map - World map, Fra Mauro map - Africa, Fra Mauro map - Japan, Fra Mauro map - Origins, Fra Mauro map - Other areas

Read more here: » Fra Mauro map: Encyclopedia II - Fra Mauro map - World map

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Manetho - Life and work

Although no sources for the dates of his life and death remain, his work is usually associated with the reigns of Ptolemy I Soter (323-283 BCE) and Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285-246 BCE). If the mention of Manetho in the Hibeh Papyri, dated to 240/1 BCE, is in fact Manetho the author of Aegyptiaca, then he may well have been working during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-222 BCE) as well. Although he was Egyptian and his topics dealt with Egyptian matters, he wrote solely in Greek. Other works he wrote include Against ...

See also:

Manetho, Manetho - Name, Manetho - Life and work, Manetho - Aegyptiaca, Manetho - Transmission and reception, Manetho - Sources and methods, Manetho - Content, Manetho - Similarities with Berossos, Manetho - Impact of Aegyptiaca

Read more here: » Manetho: Encyclopedia II - Manetho - Life and work

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Diatonic genus - Tunings of the diatonic

The traditional Pythagorean tuning of the diatonic, also known as Ptolemy's "ditonic diatonic", has two identical 9/8 tones in succesion, making the other interval 256/243: hypate parhypate lichanos mese | 256/243 | 9/8 | 9/8 | -498 -408 -204 0 cents However, the most common tuning in practice from about the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD appears to have been Archytas's diatonic, or Ptolemy's "tonic diatonic", which has the superparticular 28/ ...

See also:

Diatonic genus, Diatonic genus - Tunings of the diatonic

Read more here: » Diatonic genus: Encyclopedia II - Diatonic genus - Tunings of the diatonic

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Antioch 145 BC - History

Alexander Balas became king of Syria and Pergamum containing the remnant of the Seleucid empire in 150 BC by defeating Demetrius Soter. Alexander Balas initially had the strong support of Ptolemy VI and was married to Ptolemy's daughter Cleopatra Thea. After obtaining the throne, Alexander abandoned himself to a life of debauchery, losing the support of his subjects. Demetrius Nicator, the son of Demetrius Soter, took advantage of this by returning to Syria from Crete. Demetrius had won support from Ptolemy VI who had abandoned his so ...

See also:

Battle of Antioch 145 BC, Battle of Antioch 145 BC - History, Battle of Antioch 145 BC - External link

Read more here: » Battle of Antioch 145 BC: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Antioch 145 BC - History

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Atlas - Atlases throughout history

The earliest atlases were not called by that name at the time of their publication. The first book that could be called an atlas was constructed from the calculations of Claudius Ptolemy, a geographer working in Alexandria circa A.D. 150. The first edition was published in Bologna in 1477 and was illustrated with a set of 27 maps, though scholars say that it is not known whether the printed maps were engraved versions of original maps made by Ptolemy, or whether they were constru ...

See also:

Atlas, Atlas - Atlases throughout history, Atlas - Present-Day Atlases, Atlas - Origin of the term atlas, Atlas - Selected modern comprehensive atlases

Read more here: » Atlas: Encyclopedia II - Atlas - Atlases throughout history

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Diadochi - The Struggle of Lysimachus and Seleucus 285-281 BC

Although Lysimachus and Pyrrhus had cooperated in driving Antigonus Gonatas from Thessaly and Athens, in the wake of Demetrius's capture they soon fell out, with Lysimachus driving Pyrrhus from his share of Macedon. Dynastic struggles also rent Egypt, where Ptolemy decided to make his younger son Ptolemy Philadelphus his heir rather than the elder, Ptolemy Ceraunus. Ceraunus fled to Seleucus. The eldes ...

See also:

Diadochi, Diadochi - Death of Alexander 323 BC, Diadochi - Revolt in Greece 323-322 BC, Diadochi - Wars of the Diadochi 322-301 BC, Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC, Diadochi - Second War of the Diadochi 319-315 BC, Diadochi - Third War of the Diadochi 314-311 BC, Diadochi - Fourth War of the Diadochi 308-301 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle over Macedon 298-285 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle of Lysimachus and Seleucus 285-281 BC, Diadochi - The Gallic Invasions and Consolidation 280 - 275, Diadochi - Other historical uses as a title, Diadochi - Aulic rank title, Diadochi - Modern revival

Read more here: » Diadochi: Encyclopedia II - Diadochi - The Struggle of Lysimachus and Seleucus 285-281 BC

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Canopus Egypt - Canopus under Hellenistic Egypt

In Ptolemy Euergetes' ninth regnal year (239 BC), a great assembly of priests at Canopus passed an honorific decree (the "Decree of Canopus") that, inter alia, conferred various new titles on the king and his consort, Berenice. Two examples of this decree are known, inscribed in Egyptian (in both hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts) and in Greek, and they were second only to the more famous Rosetta Stone in providing the key to decyphering the ancient Egyptian language. The bilingual decrees for the Three-Stela Series are: Ptolemy III, P ...

See also:

Canopus Egypt, Canopus Egypt - Canopus under Hellenistic Egypt, Canopus Egypt - External link

Read more here: » Canopus Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Canopus Egypt - Canopus under Hellenistic Egypt

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - Real time and high performance

Real-time computing is sometimes misunderstood to be high performance computing, but these examples illustrate that this is not the case. Network servers, depending on demand, can soak up all the performance enhancement available and yet are not real-time computations, whereas once the hardware and software for the anti-lock brake system has been designed to meet the required deadline no further performance is necessary or desired. Some kinds of software, such as many chess-playing programs, can fall into either category. For instance ...

See also:

Real-time computing, Real-time computing - Hard and Soft real time systems, Real-time computing - Real time and high performance, Real-time computing - Design methods, Real-time computing - Key people, Real-time computing - History

Read more here: » Real-time computing: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - Real time and high performance

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - History

The Saturn rocket had a 50 Hz hard coded loop. Once when the C64 and later Motorola 68000 were popular, anybody could use his/her home computer as a real-time system. The possibilty to deactivate other interrupts allowed for hard coded loops with defined timing, the low interupt latency allowed the implemention of a real-time operating system, giving the user interface and the disk drives lower priority than the real time thread. Now PCs, cache-misses, bus blocking, and preemptive multitasking operating systems are common, promting anybody drifting from non realtime applications into more critical areas to buy a secon ...

See also:

Real-time computing, Real-time computing - Hard and Soft real time systems, Real-time computing - Real time and high performance, Real-time computing - Design methods, Real-time computing - Key people, Real-time computing - History

Read more here: » Real-time computing: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - History

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - Hard and Soft real time systems

A distinction can be made between those systems which will suffer a critical failure if time constraints are violated (hard or immediate real-time), and those which will not (soft real-time). Hard real-time systems are typically found interacting at a low level with physical hardware, in embedded systems. For example, a car engine control system is a hard real-time system because a delayed signal may cause engine failure or damage. Other examples of hard real-time embedded systems include medic ...

See also:

Real-time computing, Real-time computing - Hard and Soft real time systems, Real-time computing - Real time and high performance, Real-time computing - Design methods, Real-time computing - Key people, Real-time computing - History

Read more here: » Real-time computing: Encyclopedia II - Real-time computing - Hard and Soft real time systems

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Zanjan Province - History

In Ptolemy's Geography, the city is referred to as Aganzana. It is said that the Sassanid king Ardashir I of Persia, reconstructed the city and called it Shahin but later it was renamed to Zangan, of which the present name is the arabicized form of. In past times Zanjan's name was Khamseh, which means "province with five tribes". ...

See also:

Zanjan Province, Zanjan Province - History, Zanjan Province - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Zanjan Province: Encyclopedia II - Zanjan Province - History

Ptolemy: Encyclopedia II - Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Early life and name

"Cleopatra" is Greek for "father's glory," and her full name, "Cleopatra Thea Philopator" means "the Goddess Cleopatra, the Beloved of Her Father." She was the third daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, a Graeco-Egyptian born in Alexandria, Egypt. She was first briefly co-ruler with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes and on his death became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII in the spring of 51 BC. She was at the time the oldest child of Auletes, since two older sisters had died. She also had one younger sister whose name was Arsinoe IV. She wa ...

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Cleopatra VII of Egypt, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Early life and name, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - The race debate, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Cleopatra in art film TV and literature, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Films about Cleopatra, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Paintings of Cleopatra, Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Notes

Read more here: » Cleopatra VII of Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Early life and name

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