Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος; ca. 100 – ca. 178), known in English as Ptolemy, was an ancient geographer, astrologer, and astronomer who probably lived and worked in Alexandria, off the coast of Egypt. Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, two of which have been of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. One is the astronomical treatise that is now known as the Almagest (in Greek Η μεγάλη Σύνταξις, "The Great Treat ...

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Ptolemy - Astronomy Ptolemy - Geographia Ptolemy - Ptolemy and astrology Ptolemy - Ptolemy and music Ptolemy - Named after Ptolemy

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Ptolemy, Ptolemy - Astronomy, Ptolemy - Geographia, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and astrology, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and music, Ptolemy - Named after Ptolemy

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Ptolemy's treatise on astrology, the Tetrabiblos, was the most popular astrological work of antiquity and also enjoyed great influence in the Islamic world and the medieval Latin West. The Tetrabiblos is an extensive and continually reprinted treatise on the ancient principles of astrology in four books (Greek tetra means "four", biblos is "book"). That it did not quite attain the unrivalled status of the Syntaxis was perhaps because it did not cover some popular areas of the subject, particularly horary as ...

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Ptolemy, Ptolemy - Astronomy, Ptolemy - Geographia, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and astrology, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and music, Ptolemy - Named after Ptolemy

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Ptolemy gives a list of parallels, starting with the equator, and proceeding north at intervals, chosen so that the longest day (summer solstice) increases in steps of a quarter of an hour from 12 hours at the equator to 18 hours at 58° N, and then, in larger steps, to 24 hours at the arctic circle. But for the purposes of his geographical tables, Ptolemy reduces this list to eleven parallels, dividing the area between the equator and 54°1' N into ten segments, at half-hour intervals reaching from 12 hours to 17 hours. Even later in his work, he reduces this to seven parallels, reaching from 16°27' N (1 ...

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Clime, Clime - Ptolemy

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Ptolemy's other main work is his Geographia. This too is a compilation of what was known about the world's geography in the Roman Empire during his time. He relied mainly on the work of an earlier geographer, Marinos of Tyre, and on gazetteers of the Roman and ancient Persian empire, but most of his sources beyond the perimeter of the Empire were unreliable. The first part of the Geographia is a discussion of the data and of the methods he used. Like with the model of the solar system in the Almagest, Ptolemy put ...

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Ptolemy, Ptolemy - Astronomy, Ptolemy - Geographia, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and astrology, Ptolemy - Ptolemy and music, Ptolemy - Named after Ptolemy

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The seven climes (klima, plural klimata, meaning "inclination", referring to the angle between the axis of the celestial sphere and the horizon) was a notion of dividing the Earth into zones in Classical Antiquity. The lists of klimata found in early geographers vary in their extension, but by convention, they numbered seven, counted from south to north. This number was taken up by Ptolemy who in his Geography divided the northern tempe ...

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Clime - Ptolemy

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Celestial mechanics is a division of astronomy dealing with the motions and gravitational effects of celestial objects. The field applies principles of physics, historically Newtonian mechanics, to astronomical objects such as stars and planets. It is distinguished from astrodynamics, which is the study of the creation of artificial satellite orbits. Celestial mechanics - History of celestial mechanics. Although modern analytic celestial mechanics starts 400 years ago with Isaac Newton, prior studies addres ...

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Celestial mechanics - History of celestial mechanics
Celestial mechanics - Ancient Civilizations Celestial mechanics - Claudius Ptolemy Celestial mechanics - Johannes Kepler Celestial mechanics - Isaac Newton Celestial mechanics - Albert Einstein Celestial mechanics - Open problems
Celestial mechanics - Examples of problems
Celestial mechanics - Perturbation theory
Celestial mechanics - External link

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Life in Egypt The Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that had a profound influence on later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, Egypt itself came under the influence of Hellenism, for a time Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of Egypt's ancient culture exist in interaction with newer elements, includin ...

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Culture of Egypt - Language Culture of Egypt - Literature Culture of Egypt - Religion Culture of Egypt - Visual art
Culture of Egypt - Egyptian art in antiquity Culture of Egypt - Egyptian art in modern times
Culture of Egypt - Science
Culture of Egypt - Ptolemy Culture of Egypt - Eratosthenes Culture of Egypt - Library of Alexandria Culture of Egypt - Ahmed Hasan Zewail Culture of Egypt - Egyptology
Culture of Egypt - Music and dance Culture of Egypt - Cuisine

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The Chronology of the Ancient Near East deals with the notoriously difficult task of assigning dates to various events, rulers and dynasties of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. The chronology of this region is based on five sets of primary materials. They are, from the most recent to the earliest: The Canon of Kings from Ptolemy. An unbroken series of Neo-Assyrian king's names. Babylonian King Lists A and B, the Synchronistic Chronicle, the Assyrian King List, and a number of shorter lists of year na ...

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Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Primary sources Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Assur and Babylon Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and Egypt Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria
Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chronology and notes
Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Divergent chronological views Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Notes

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140 - Events. Pope Pius I succeeded Pope Hyginus. Ptolemy completes his Almagest (approximate date). Category: 140 ...

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140 - Events

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In Celtic mythology, Abnoba was a forest and river goddess, worshipped in the Black Forest and surrounding areas. An altar at the Roman baths at Badenweiler, Germany, equates her with Diana, the Roman goddess of the hunt. According to Tacitus's Germania, Abnoba also was the name of a mountain, from a grassy slope of which flows the source of the River Danube. Ptolemy's Geography (2.10) also mentions the mountain as the source of the Danube. The surrounding range, in Ptolemy, is the Abnobaia ora (the nominative case, given here, is not in P ...

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Abnoba - Etymology Abnoba - Bibliography

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60 BC - Events. Gaius Julius Caesar suppressed an uprising and conquered all of Lusitania for Rome Creation of the First Triumvirate, a political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus (or 59 BC) 60 BC - Births. Prince Ptolemy of Egypt, later Pharaoh Ptolemy XIV of Egypt (or 59 BC). 60 BC - Deaths. Aretas III Philhellene, king of Petra

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2nd century - Significant persons. Cai Lun, Chinese inventor Galen, medical writer Saint Irenaeus Pliny the Younger Plutarch Ptolemy Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Commodus Septimius Severus 2nd century - Inventions discoveries introductions. Cai Lun invents paper (c. 105) Ptolemy compiles a catalogue of all stars visible to the naked eye ...

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2nd century - Events 2nd century - Significant persons 2nd century - Inventions discoveries introductions 2nd century - Decades and years

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Almagest is the Latin form of the Arabic name (al-kitabu-l-mijisti, i.e. "The Great Book") of an astronomical/astrological treatise proposing the complex motions of the stars and planetary paths, originally written in Greek as μαθηματικἠ σύνταξις (Mathematike Syntaxis, "Mathematical Treatise"; later titled Hè Megalè Syntaxis, "The Great Treatise") by Ptolemy of Alexandria, Egypt. The date of Almagest has recently been more precisely established. Ptolemy set up a public ins ...

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC - 140s BC - 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC Years: 150 BC 149 BC 148 BC 147 BC 146 BC - 145 BC - 144 BC 143 BC 142 BC 141 BC 140 BC 145 BC - Events. In the Battle of Antioch, Ptolemy VI Philometor defeats the Seleucid usurper Alexander Balas, but dies in the battle. Ptolemy VII becomes king of Egypt briefly, then is assassinated by Ptolemy VII ...

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145 BC - Events 145 BC - Births 145 BC - Deaths

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62 BC - Events. January - The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius in the Battle of Pistoria. Julius Caesar divorced Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Clodius. 62 BC - Births. Prince Ptolemy of Egypt, later Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII of Egypt (or 61 BC). 62 BC - Deaths. Lucius Sergius Catilina, Roman statesman Category ...

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62 BC - Events 62 BC - Births 62 BC - Deaths

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61 BC - Events. September 29 - Pompey, the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars Gaius Julius Caesar takes command in Spain 61 BC - Births. Prince Ptolemy of Egypt, later Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII of Egypt (or 62 BC). 61 BC - Deaths. Category: 61 BC ...

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61 BC - Events 61 BC - Births 61 BC - Deaths

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There are several Valis: Vali (Ramayana) Váli (son of Odin) Váli (son of Loki) Vali or Wali in Arabic, Turkish and other oriental languages means governor The Vali, a Sarmatian tribe of Ptolemy. Other related archivesPtolemy, Sarmatian, Vali (Ramayana), Váli (son of Odin), Wali

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47 BC - Events. February - Roman general Julius Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeat the forces of the rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe IV in the Battle of the Nile, Ptolemy was killed, Caesar then relieved his besieged forces in Alexandria May - Julius Caesar defeated Pharnaces II of Pontus, king of the Bosporus in the Battle of Zela. (This is the war that Caesar tersely described veni, vidi, vici.) Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of ...

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47 BC - Events 47 BC - Births 47 BC - Deaths

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