Thomas Carlyle (December 4, 1795 - February 5, 1881) was a Scottish essayist, satirist, and historian, whose work was hugely influential during the Victorian era. Coming from a strictly Calvinist family, Carlyle was expected by his parents to become a preacher. However, while at the University of Edinburgh he lost his Christian faith. Nevertheless Calvinist values remained with him throughout his life. This combination of a religious temperament with loss of faith in traditional Christianity made Carlyle's work appealing to many Victo ...

Including:

• Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences
• Thomas Carlyle - Writings
• Thomas Carlyle - Early writings
• Thomas Carlyle - Heroes and Hero Worship
• Thomas Carlyle - The Everlasting Yea and No
• Thomas Carlyle - Worship of Silence and Sorrow
• Thomas Carlyle - Later work
• Thomas Carlyle - Private life
• Thomas Carlyle - Influence
• Thomas Carlyle - Works
• Thomas Carlyle - Definitions

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Psychosomatic: Pertaining to the mind-body relationship: an illness caused by anxiety and worry

(See also: Psychosomatic, Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Dictionary, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Somatization disorder is characterized by repeated complaints of physical illness over an extended period of time, that are not related to actual organic illness or injury, and begins in early adulthood. The DSM-IV establishes the following four criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder: a history of somatic symptoms prior to the age of 30 pain in at least four different sites on the body including two gastrointestinal symptoms one sexual sympt ...

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Somatization disorder, Somatization disorder - Criteria, Somatization disorder - Prevalence, Somatization disorder - Bibliography

Read more here: » Somatization disorder: Encyclopedia II - Somatization disorder - Criteria

Preventive Dianetics: Branch of Dianetics whose basic principle is that engrams (see Dianetics) - the single source of aberrations and psychosomatic ills - can be restrained or prevented with gains favorable to mental health, physical well-being, and social adjustment.

(See also: Preventive Dianetics, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

MCS patients often suffer from depression, anxiety and other psychological problems, leading some experts to believe that MCS is a physical manifestation of psychological disturbance (a psychosomatic illness) which should be treated with psychotherapy and anti-depressants. It is however difficult to judge cause and effect. Irritable Bowel Syndrome provides an example of an illness with no definitive diagnostic test that is often mistakenly seen as psychological. It is now known that when IBS patients are put on a special diet and improve, ma ...

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Multiple chemical sensitivity, Multiple chemical sensitivity - Common symptoms of MCS, Multiple chemical sensitivity - Commonly suspect chemicals

Read more here: » Multiple chemical sensitivity: Encyclopedia II - Multiple chemical sensitivity - Common symptoms of MCS

MCS patients often suffer from depression, anxiety and other psychological problems, leading some experts to believe that MCS is a physical manifestation of psychological disturbance (a psychosomatic illness) which should be treated with psychotherapy and anti-depressants. It is however difficult to judge cause and effect, as some experience anxiety after exposure to triggers (due to the effects of the exposure and the stress on the adrenal system). Irritable Bowel Syndrome provides an example of an illness with no definitive diagnostic test ...

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Multiple chemical sensitivity, Multiple chemical sensitivity - Common symptoms of MCS, Multiple chemical sensitivity - Commonly suspect chemicals

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Dianetics (dianetic therapy): Forerunner and a major technique of Scientology. Proponents of Dianetics have described it as a mode of pastoral counseling.

The name Dianetics is based on Greek words meaning through soul. The method's principle is that engrams - traumas that occurred in early childhood, in utero, or during previous incarnations - are the cause of all psychosomatic and mental illnesses. Its design is to erase engrams by auditing (see above).

(See also: Dianetics, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

About the time of Selye's work, the gradual realization dawned that such concepts as anxiety, antagonism, tiredness, frustration, distress, overwork, pre-menstrual tension, over-focusing, confusion, mourning and fear could all come together in a general broadening of the meaning of the term stress. The popular use of the term in modern folklore expanded rapidly, spawning an industry of pop psychology, se ...

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Stress medicine, Stress medicine - Stress and its effects, Stress medicine - Stressors, Stress medicine - Coping with stress, Stress medicine - Neurochemistry and physiology, Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

Read more here: » Stress medicine: Encyclopedia II - Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

About the time of Selye's work, the gradual realization dawned that such concepts as anxiety, conflict, tiredness, frustration, distress, overwork, pre-menstrual tension, over-focusing, confusion, mourning and fear could all come together in a general broadening of the meaning of the term stress. The popular use of the term in modern folklore expanded rapidly, spawning an industry of pop psychology, se ...

See also:

Stress medicine, Stress medicine - Stress and its effects, Stress medicine - Stressors, Stress medicine - Coping with stress, Stress medicine - Neurochemistry and physiology, Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

Read more here: » Stress medicine: Encyclopedia II - Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

The cause of CFS is unknown, although a large number of causes have been proposed, and several proposed causes have very vocal and partisan advocates. As there is no one identifiable cause or falsifiable diagnosis for CFS, there is also no one treatment protocol or "magic bullet". Due to the multi-systemic nature of the illness, and others like it, an emerging branch of medical science called psychoneuroimmunology is exploring how all the various theories fit together. The treatments that are proposed and often attempted for CF ...

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Chronic fatigue syndrome, Chronic fatigue syndrome - History, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Nomenclature, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Symptoms, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Course, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Onset, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Activity levels, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Post-exertion symptom exacerbation, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Duration, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Diagnosis, Chronic fatigue syndrome - CDC 1994 criteria aka Fukuda, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Other systems, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Controversies, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Epidemiology, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Disease associations, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Co-morbidity, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Proposed etiologies and corresponding treatments, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Allergies, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Autonomic nervous system disruption, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Damage to ascending reticular activating system, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Depression, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Hormonal dysfunction, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Immune dysfunction, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Infectious agents, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Inner-ear disorders, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Metabolic disorders, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Nutritional deficiency or imbalance, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Psychosomatic causes, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Spinal problems, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Toxic agents, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Other treatments, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Social issues, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Notable sufferers

Read more here: » Chronic fatigue syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Proposed etiologies and corresponding treatments

Chronic fatigue syndrome - Onset. Some cases of CFS start gradually, but the majority start suddenly, often triggered by a 'flu-like viral or similar illness. People with CFS may improve or recover completely after a few or many years, or not at all. It is not known whether any CFS sufferer has truly recovered to pre-illness levels, or whether their symptoms have merely subsided enough for them to live a more normal life. Some sufferers have a remission for months or years ...

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Chronic fatigue syndrome, Chronic fatigue syndrome - History, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Nomenclature, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Symptoms, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Course, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Onset, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Activity levels, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Post-exertion symptom exacerbation, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Duration, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Diagnosis, Chronic fatigue syndrome - CDC 1994 criteria aka Fukuda, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Other systems, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Controversies, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Epidemiology, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Disease associations, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Co-morbidity, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Proposed etiologies and corresponding treatments, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Allergies, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Autonomic nervous system disruption, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Damage to ascending reticular activating system, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Depression, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Hormonal dysfunction, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Immune dysfunction, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Infectious agents, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Inner-ear disorders, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Metabolic disorders, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Nutritional deficiency or imbalance, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Psychosomatic causes, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Spinal problems, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Toxic agents, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Other treatments, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Social issues, Chronic fatigue syndrome - Notable sufferers

Read more here: » Chronic fatigue syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Course

There are limited mainstream medical treatments for allergies, probably the most important factor in rehabilitation is the removal of sources of allergens from the home environment, and avoiding environments in which contact with allergens is likely. Allergy - Immunotherapy. Hyposensitization is a form of immunotherapy where the patient is gradually vaccinated against progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether. It rel ...

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Allergy, Allergy - History, Allergy - Signs and symptoms, Allergy - Diagnosis, Allergy - Skin test, Allergy - Problems with skin test, Allergy - Total IgE count, Allergy - Treatment, Allergy - Immunotherapy, Allergy - Chemotherapy, Allergy - Alternative therapies, Allergy - Pathophysiology, Allergy - Acute response, Allergy - Late-phase response, Allergy - Basis of the allergic response, Allergy - Genetic Basis, Allergy - Relationship with parasites, Allergy - Basis of increasing prevalence, Allergy - The hygiene hypothesis, Allergy - Increasing use of chemicals, Allergy - Common allergens

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The exact nature of Darwin's illness or illnesses remain mysterious at this time. Unless sophisticated molecular probing of his biological remains is allowed, no definitive diagnosis can be reached. At the same time, historical investigations are probabilistic. There appears to be increasing support for the diagnosis that both organic and psychological ailments combined to cause his illness. The issue has become embroiled in the creation-evolution controversy, with allegations that Creationists are drawing attention to interpretation of the illness to damage Darwin's reputation, and counter-allegations tha ...

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Charles Darwin's illness, Charles Darwin's illness - Development of illness and symptoms, Charles Darwin's illness - Possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Psychic causation, Charles Darwin's illness - The Chagas hypothesis, Charles Darwin's illness - Ménière's disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Other possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Combined causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Hereditary disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Contribution to Darwin's work, Charles Darwin's illness - Conclusions, Charles Darwin's illness - Notes and source

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An important contribution of medical psychology is in the education of patients (psychoeducation) in disease processes. Frequently, such education of the patient and the family insures substantially better compliance with treatment recommendations by physicians. Medical psychologists are particularly successful in the treatment of asthma, gastrointestinal illnesses, cardiac conditions, spinal cord and brain injuries, chronic pain, headaches, and add ...

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Medical psychology, Medical psychology - Background, Medical psychology - Education

Read more here: » Medical psychology: Encyclopedia II - Medical psychology - Education

Hubbard coined the name Dianetics from the Greek stems dia, meaning "through" and nous, meaning "mind", [1] resulting in a word similar to the already-existing Greek adjective dianoētik-os διανοητικ-ός, meaning "mental". The -etics ending appears to have been inspired by cybernetics, a popular vogue idea at the time (indeed, Hubbard explicitly made this connection in a 1949/1950 magazine article [2]). Hubbard's meaning might thu ...

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Dianetics, Dianetics - Definition and theoretical basis, Dianetics - Scientific evaluations, Dianetics - History, Dianetics - Origins, Dianetics - The emergence of Dianetics, Dianetics - Dianetics in print, Dianetics - Opposition to Dianetics, Dianetics - Fragmentation and transformation, Dianetics - Dianetics in Kansas, Dianetics - From Dianetics to Scientology, Dianetics - Notes

Read more here: » Dianetics: Encyclopedia II - Dianetics - Definition and theoretical basis

There are limited mainstream medical treatments for allergies. Probably the most important factor in rehabilitation is the removal of sources of allergens from the home environment, and avoiding environments in which contact with allergens is likely. The trouble with them is that they have not all been proven. Therefore it could be seen as a placebo; however, it has helped people. See also:

Allergy, Allergy - History, Allergy - Signs and symptoms, Allergy - Diagnosis, Allergy - Skin test, Allergy - Problems with skin test, Allergy - Total IgE count, Allergy - Treatment, Allergy - Immunotherapy, Allergy - Chemotherapy, Allergy - Alternative therapies, Allergy - Pathophysiology, Allergy - Acute response, Allergy - Late-phase response, Allergy - Basis of the allergic response, Allergy - Genetic Basis, Allergy - Relationship with parasites, Allergy - Basis of increasing prevalence, Allergy - The hygiene hypothesis, Allergy - Increasing use of chemicals, Allergy - Common allergens

Read more here: » Allergy: Encyclopedia II - Allergy - Treatment

Fibromyalgia has been studied since the early 1800s and referred to by a variety of former names, including muscular rheumatism and fibrositis. The term fibromyalgia was coined in 1976 to more accurately describe the symptoms, from the Greek my-, meaning muscle, and algia, meaning pain. Fibromyalgia was once considered an autoimmune disorder, but laboratory results reveal no disturbance of the immune system although reactivated viral infection has been identified in a subset of patients. It was also once re ...

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Fibromyalgia, Fibromyalgia - History, Fibromyalgia - Symptoms, Fibromyalgia - Diagnosis, Fibromyalgia - Differentials, Fibromyalgia - Treatment, Fibromyalgia - Living with fibromyalgia, Fibromyalgia - Theories on the cause of fibromyalgia, Fibromyalgia - Sleep disturbance, Fibromyalgia - Deposition disease, Fibromyalgia - Other theories, Fibromyalgia - Comorbid diseases

Read more here: » Fibromyalgia: Encyclopedia II - Fibromyalgia - History

Any factor that causes stress is called a stressor. There are two kinds of stressors: processive stressors and systemic stressors. Processive stressors are elements in the environment perceived by the organism as potential dangers. These do not cause damage directly, but are processed in the cerebral cortex. The processed information is then sent via the limbic system in the hypothalamus, where they activate the supreme centers of the autonomic nervous system. This results in the fight- ...

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Stress medicine, Stress medicine - Stress and its effects, Stress medicine - Stressors, Stress medicine - Coping with stress, Stress medicine - Neurochemistry and physiology, Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

Read more here: » Stress medicine: Encyclopedia II - Stress medicine - Stressors

There are limited mainstream medical treatments for allergies, probably the most important factor in rehabilitation is the removal of sources of allergens from the home environment, and avoiding environments in which contact with allergens is likely. The trouble with them is that they have not all been proven. Therefore it could be seen as a placebo, however it has helped people. See also:

Allergy, Allergy - History, Allergy - Signs and symptoms, Allergy - Diagnosis, Allergy - Skin test, Allergy - Problems with skin test, Allergy - Total IgE count, Allergy - Treatment, Allergy - Immunotherapy, Allergy - Chemotherapy, Allergy - Alternative therapies, Allergy - Pathophysiology, Allergy - Acute response, Allergy - Late-phase response, Allergy - Basis of the allergic response, Allergy - Genetic Basis, Allergy - Relationship with parasites, Allergy - Basis of increasing prevalence, Allergy - The hygiene hypothesis, Allergy - Increasing use of chemicals, Allergy - Common allergens

Read more here: » Allergy: Encyclopedia II - Allergy - Treatment

The general neurochemistry of the general adaptation syndrome is now believed to be well understood, although much remains to be discovered about how this system interacts with others in the brain and elsewhere in the body. The body reacts to stress first by releasing catecholamine hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, and glucocorticoid hormones, cortisol and cortisone. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major part of the neuroendocrine system, involving the interactions of the hypothalamus, the pituitary g ...

See also:

Stress medicine, Stress medicine - Stress and its effects, Stress medicine - Stressors, Stress medicine - Coping with stress, Stress medicine - Neurochemistry and physiology, Stress medicine - Folklore of stress

Read more here: » Stress medicine: Encyclopedia II - Stress medicine - Neurochemistry and physiology

Interestingly enough, it seems that Darwin's maladies actually may have contributed a lot to what many believe was a long and fruitful creative process in science. George Pickering in his book, "Creative Malady" (1974) wrote that isolated from social life and obligations of a "normal" scientist, such as administrative and teaching work, Darwin had ample time and material comforts for researching, thinking, and writing extensively, which he did. Despite the long periods of unproductivity caused by ill health, Darwin produced much research. Da ...

See also:

Charles Darwin's illness, Charles Darwin's illness - Development of illness and symptoms, Charles Darwin's illness - Possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Psychic causation, Charles Darwin's illness - The Chagas hypothesis, Charles Darwin's illness - Ménière's disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Other possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Combined causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Hereditary disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Contribution to Darwin's work, Charles Darwin's illness - Conclusions, Charles Darwin's illness - Notes and source

Read more here: » Charles Darwin's illness: Encyclopedia II - Charles Darwin's illness - Contribution to Darwin's work