Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad sense, refers to the study of the behaviour and mental life of animals other than human beings. It is synonymous with animal psychology, but although the latter would be a more accurate term, it is less often used. Veterinarians sometimes use the phrase "animal psychology" to refer specifically to the study of disordered behaviour in animals, discussed below. Comparative psychology - History. Comparative psychology may be said to have come into b ...

Including:

Comparative psychology - History Comparative psychology - Comparative Psychology and the Comparative Method Comparative psychology - Species studied Comparative psychology - Animal cognition Comparative psychology - Disorders of animal behaviour Comparative psychology - Noted comparative psychologists Comparative psychology - Related fields

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See also:

Comparative psychology, Comparative psychology - History, Comparative psychology - Comparative Psychology and the Comparative Method, Comparative psychology - Species studied, Comparative psychology - Animal cognition, Comparative psychology - Disorders of animal behaviour, Comparative psychology - Noted comparative psychologists, Comparative psychology - Related fields

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Today an animal's psychological constitution is recognised by veterinary surgeons as an important part of its living conditions in domestication or captivity. Common causes of disordered behaviour in captive or pet animals are lack of stimulation, inappropriate stimulation, or overstimulation. These conditions can lead to disorders, unpredictable and unwanted behaviour, and sometimes even physical symptoms and diseases. For example, rats that are exposed to loud music for a long period will ultimately develop unwanted behaviours ...

See also:

Comparative psychology, Comparative psychology - History, Comparative psychology - Comparative Psychology and the Comparative Method, Comparative psychology - Species studied, Comparative psychology - Animal cognition, Comparative psychology - Disorders of animal behaviour, Comparative psychology - Noted comparative psychologists, Comparative psychology - Related fields

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Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

Including:

Psychology - History Psychology - Principles of psychology
Psychology - Mind and brain Psychology - Schools of thought
Psychology - Scope of psychology
Psychology - Biological basis: the brain Psychology - Information processing: the mind Psychology - Change over time: development Psychology - Interaction with others Psychology - Study of animals in psychology Psychology - Mental health Psychology - Applied psychology
Psychology - Research methods
Psychology - Controlled experiments Psychology - Correlational studies Psychology - Longitudinal studies Psychology - Neuropsychological methods Psychology - Computational modeling
Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

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Acceptance Anger Anticipation Boredom Disgust Envy Fear Guilt Hate Hope Joy Jealousy Love Remorse Sadness Sorrow Surprise Happiness, pleasure or joy is an emotional or affective state in which we feel good or happy. Overlapping states or experiences include joy, exultation, delight, bliss, and love. Antonyms include suffering, sadness, grief, and pain. The term pleasure is sometimes used to ...

Including:

Happiness - Terminology Happiness - Psychological views
Happiness - Positive psychology
Happiness - Mechanistic view
Happiness - Biological basis Happiness - Difficulties in defining internal experiences Happiness - In non-human animals Happiness - In humans Happiness - In Artificial intelligence
Happiness - Positive effect study Happiness - Behaviors and emotions associated with happiness

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Zoophilia (from the Greek Zoon, "animal", and Philia, "friendship" or "love") is a paraphilia, defined as an affinity or sexual attraction by a human to animals. Such individuals are called zoophiles. The more recent terms zoosexual and zoosexuality also describe the full spectrum of human/animal attraction. A separate term, bestiality (more common in mainstream usage), refers to human/animal sexual activity. To avoid confusion about the meaning of zoophilia — whi ...

Including:

Zoophilia - Terminology Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence Zoophilia - Legal status Zoophilia - Zoophiles
Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups
Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia
Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives Zoophilia - Religious perspectives Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives
Zoophilia - Health and safety Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature Zoophilia - Media discussion Zoophilia - Pornography Zoophilia - Social community
Zoophilia - Zoo Code
Zoophilia - Other popular references Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries
Zoophilia - Academic and professional Zoophilia - Other books Zoophilia - Print and online media Zoophilia - Television and radio

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Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior considered as a branch of zoology. A scientist who practices ethology is called an ethologist. Ethology - Origins of the name. The term “ethology” derives from the Greek language, as ethos (ήθος) is the Greek word for "custom". Other words that derive from the Greek word "ethos" are: "ethics" and "ethical." The term was first popularised in English by the American Myrmecologist William Morton Wheeler in 1902. An earlier, slightly diff ...

Including:

Ethology - Origins of the name Ethology - Differences and similarities with comparative psychology Ethology - Darwinism and the beginnings of ethology Ethology - The Fixed Action Pattern and animal communication Ethology - Imprinting Ethology - Tinbergen's four questions for ethologists Ethology - The flowering of ethology Ethology - Social ethology and recent developments Ethology - Notes Ethology - List of ethologists

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Biological factors / Choice / Environment Demographics / History Gender role / Gender identity Human sexual behavior / Animal sexuality Critiques of sexual behavior Gay rights / Laws / Same-sex marriage Homophobia / Biphobia / Psychology Medical science / Gay community Two-Spirit / Violence against LGBT people History of the Gay Community Christianity ...

Including:

Homosexuality - Etymology and usage Homosexuality - Academic study
Homosexuality - Anthropology Homosexuality - Biology Homosexuality - Psychology Homosexuality - Nature versus nurture
Homosexuality - Societal attitudes
Homosexuality - Modern law Homosexuality - Understudied phenomena Homosexuality - Political aspects Homosexuality - Military Homosexuality - Youth groups Homosexuality - Religion Homosexuality - Polemic
Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices
Homosexuality - Africa Homosexuality - Americas Homosexuality - East Asia Homosexuality - Europe Homosexuality - Middle East and Central Asia Homosexuality - South Pacific Homosexuality - Modern Developments
Homosexuality - Art and literature
Homosexuality - Articles Homosexuality - Categories

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Religion (see etymology below) —sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system—is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine; and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions and rituals associated with such belief. In its broadest sense some have defined it as the sum total of answers given to explain humankind's relationship with the universe. In the course of the development of religion, it has taken ...

Including:

Religion - Etymology
Religion - Religion and science Religion - Philosophy and metaphysics Religion - Esotericism and mysticism Religion - Spirituality Religion - Myth
Religion - Approaches to the study of individual religions
Religion - Methods of studying religion subjectively in relation to one's own beliefs Religion - Methods of studying religion objectively in a scientific and religiously neutral fashion
Religion - Development of religion
Religion - Religion today
Religion - Approaches to relating to the beliefs of others
Religion - Exclusivism Religion - Inclusivism Religion - Pluralism Religion - Syncretism Religion - Universalism Religion - Systemization
Religion - Religion and other approaches to forming beliefs about the nature of the universe
Religion - Related philosophical stances
Religion - Compare with

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Biological factors / Choice / Environment Demographics / History Gender role / Gender identity Human sexual behavior / Animal sexuality Critiques of sexual behavior Gay rights / Laws / Same-sex marriage Homophobia / Biphobia / Psychology Medical science / Gay community Two-Spirit / Violence against LGBT people History of the Gay Community ...

Including:

Biology and sexual orientation - Sexual orientation and evolution Biology and sexual orientation - Politics Biology and sexual orientation - Empirical studies
Biology and sexual orientation - Twin Studies Biology and sexual orientation - Studies of brain structure Biology and sexual orientation - Chromosome linkage studies Biology and sexual orientation - Correlations with matriarchal lineage birth order and female fertility Biology and sexual orientation - Testosterone correlation Biology and sexual orientation - Pheromones correlation
Biology and sexual orientation - Early fixation hypothesis
Biology and sexual orientation - Fetal development Biology and sexual orientation - Pre-natal hormones in males Biology and sexual orientation - Correlations with matriarchal lineage birth order and female fertility Biology and sexual orientation - Pathogenic theory Biology and sexual orientation - Imprinting/Critical period Biology and sexual orientation - Chance events

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Noted comparative psychologists, in this broad sense, include: George Romanes C. Lloyd Morgan Edward L. Thorndike Ivan Pavlov John B. Watson Wolfgang Köhler T. Schjelderup-Ebbe Clark L. Hull Edward C. Tolman B. F. Skinner Donald Hebb O. H. Mowrer Neal E. Miller Harry F. Harlow Richard Herrnstein Sara Shettleworth Allen and Beatrice Gardner Irene Pepperberg It should be noted that all these were active in fields other than a ...

See also:

Comparative psychology, Comparative psychology - History, Comparative psychology - Comparative Psychology and the Comparative Method, Comparative psychology - Species studied, Comparative psychology - Animal cognition, Comparative psychology - Disorders of animal behaviour, Comparative psychology - Noted comparative psychologists, Comparative psychology - Related fields

Read more here: » Comparative psychology: Encyclopedia II - Comparative psychology - Noted comparative psychologists

Happiness - Positive psychology. Martin Seligman in his book Authentic Happiness gives the positive psychology definition of happiness as consisting of both positive emotions (like comfort) and positive activities (like absorption). He presents three categories of positive emotions: past: feelings of satisfaction, contentment, pride, and serenity. present (examples): enjoying the taste of food, glee at listening to music, absorption in reading, and company of people you like e.g. friends and family. future: feelings of opt ...

See also:

Happiness, Happiness - Terminology, Happiness - Psychological views, Happiness - Positive psychology, Happiness - Mechanistic view, Happiness - Biological basis, Happiness - Difficulties in defining internal experiences, Happiness - In non-human animals, Happiness - In humans, Happiness - In Artificial intelligence, Happiness - Positive effect study, Happiness - Behaviors and emotions associated with happiness

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Happiness - Biological basis. While a person's overall happiness is not objectively measurable this does not mean it does not have a real physiological component. The neurotransmitter dopamine, perhaps especially in the mesolimbic pathway projecting from the midbrain to structures such as the nucleus accumbens, is involved in desire and seems often related to pleasure. Pleasure can be induced artificially with drugs, perhaps most directly with opiates such as morphine, with activity on mu-opioid receptors or invo ...

See also:

Happiness, Happiness - Terminology, Happiness - Psychological views, Happiness - Positive psychology, Happiness - Mechanistic view, Happiness - Biological basis, Happiness - Difficulties in defining internal experiences, Happiness - In non-human animals, Happiness - In humans, Happiness - In Artificial intelligence, Happiness - Positive effect study, Happiness - Behaviors and emotions associated with happiness

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The following behaviors and emotions are commonly associated with happiness: Material: Business Food Money Refuge - taking from the material things in life, getting back to nature. Social: closure Dating Flirting Freedom Family, Parents, Friends and Friendships Gifts Greeting cards, Postcards and Penpals Lifestyles and Alternative lifestyl ...

See also:

Happiness, Happiness - Terminology, Happiness - Psychological views, Happiness - Positive psychology, Happiness - Mechanistic view, Happiness - Biological basis, Happiness - Difficulties in defining internal experiences, Happiness - In non-human animals, Happiness - In humans, Happiness - In Artificial intelligence, Happiness - Positive effect study, Happiness - Behaviors and emotions associated with happiness

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Platonic love for animals is usually viewed positively, but most people express concern or disapproval of sexual interest, sometimes very strongly. Criticisms come from a variety of sources, including moral, ethical, psychological, and social arguments. They include: "Sexual activity between species is unnatural." "Animals are not sentient, and therefore unable to consent." (similar to arguments against sex with human minors) "Animals are incapable of relating to or forming relationships with humans." ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality

Platonic love for animals is usually viewed positively, but most people express concern or disapproval of sexual interest, sometimes very strongly. Criticisms come from a variety of sources, including moral, ethical, psychological, and social arguments. They include: "Sexual activity between species is unnatural." "Animals are not sentient, and therefore unable to consent." (similar to arguments against sex with human minors) "Animals are incapable of relating to or forming relationships with humans." ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Legality by U.S. State, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality

Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives. DSM-III-R (APA, 1987) stated that sexual contact with animals is almost never a clinically significant problem by itself (Cerrone, 1991), and therefore both this and the later DSM-IV (APA, 1994) subsumed it under the residual classification "paraphilias not otherwise specified". The first detailed studies of zoophilia date from prior to 1910. Peer reviewed research into zoophilia in its own right has happened since around 1960. There have been several si ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia

Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives. DSM-III-R (APA, 1987) stated that sexual contact with animals is almost never a clinically significant problem by itself (Cerrone, 1991), and therefore both this and the later DSM-IV (APA, 1994) subsumed it under the residual classification "paraphilias not otherwise specified". The first detailed studies of zoophilia date from prior to 1910. Peer reviewed research into zoophilia in its own right has happened since around 1960. There have been several si ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Legality by U.S. State, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia

Zoophilia - Academic and professional. Andrea Beetz Ph.D.: Love, Violence, and Sexuality in Relationships between Humans and Animals, ISBN 3832200207 Profesors Colin J. Williams and Martin S. Weinberg: Zoophilia in Men: a study of sexual interest in animals. - in: Archives of sexual behavior, Vol. 32, No.6, December 2003, pp. 523-535 Hani Miletski Ph.D.: Bestiality - Zoophilia: An exploratory study, Diss., The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. - San Fran ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries

Zoophilia - Academic and professional. Andrea Beetz Ph.D.: Love, Violence, and Sexuality in Relationships between Humans and Animals, ISBN 3832200207 Profesors Colin J. Williams and Martin S. Weinberg: Zoophilia in Men: a study of sexual interest in animals. - in: Archives of sexual behavior, Vol. 32, No.6, December 2003, pp. 523-535 Hani Miletski Ph.D.: Bestiality - Zoophilia: An exploratory study, Diss., The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. - San Fran ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books, articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Books, articles and documentaries