A distinction is sometimes made in the philosophy of mind between the mind and brain. The brain is defined as the physical, biological [[for all electrochemical neuronal processes. The mind, however, exits as something outside of the brain. The mind is sometimes thought of as consciousness, the soul, or some other non-physical center of thought. The inability to determine what consciousness is has led to the mind-body problem. Some philosophers such as strong AI theorists believe that the mind is analogous to comp ...

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Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain

Brain-mind Used by theosophists for the astral mind of the personal ego, the pale and too often distorted reflection of the intellection of the reincarnating ego. It is, in fact, the representative in the physical world of kama-manas, mind conditioned by materiality.

The lower mind or psycho-nervous effluvia of the brain acts through the nervous ganglia in the kamic centers, such as the liver, stomach, and spleen, though the central ganglia of this nervous system are situated in the base of the skull. The brain, and with it the heart, however, are likewise the organs of spiritual and intellectual powers far higher than those represented by the merely human personality working through the brain-mind; hence the higher forms of thought, supersensuous, superconscious, correlate with the cerebral and cardiac centers.

The body in general and the brain in particular are compact of finer and grosser elements, the former responsive only to the breath of divine wisdom, out of reach of the winds from the passion-laden lower mind, whose function is to act on and arouse the grosser elements of the nervous system.

The brain, therefore, is a kind of reflector of thought-currents and emotional tides which arise in the kamic centers of the inner self, and are distributed through the nervous ganglia in the skull to the physical kamic reflection centers in the trunk. Thus we scarcely use at all the brain itself in the true sense, or at any rate only in its lowest aspects or functions; and it is only in rare moments that the brain tissues are suffused with the glory emanating directly from the higher nature and working through the pineal and pituitary glands in the skull and through the secret center in the heart.

(See also: Brain-mind, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

Including:

• Psychology - History
• Psychology - Principles of psychology
• Psychology - Mind and brain
• Psychology - Schools of thought
• Psychology - Scope of psychology
• Psychology - Biological basis: the brain
• Psychology - Information processing: the mind
• Psychology - Change over time: development
• Psychology - Interaction with others
• Psychology - Study of animals in psychology
• Psychology - Mental health
• Psychology - Applied psychology
• Psychology - Research methods
• Psychology - Controlled experiments
• Psychology - Correlational studies
• Psychology - Longitudinal studies
• Psychology - Neuropsychological methods
• Psychology - Computational modeling
• Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia - Psychology

In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for "in the head"), acts as the control center of the central nervous system. In most animals, the brain is located in the head close to the primary sensory apparatus and the mouth. While all vertebrate nervous systems have a brain, invertebrate nervous systems may have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia. The brain is an extremely complex organ; for example, the human brain is a collection of 100 billion neurons, each linked with up to 25,000 others [1]. T ...

Including:

• Brain - Mind and brain
• Brain - History
• Brain - Modern neuroscience
• Brain - Comparative anatomy
• Brain - Invertebrates
• Brain - Vertebrates
• Brain - Neurobiology
• Brain - Histology
• Brain - Function
• Brain - Brain pathology
• Brain - The study of the brain
• Brain - Fields of study
• Brain - Methods of observation
• Brain - Other matters
• Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia - Brain

The mind is bigger than the brain. When people say "my mind," they are most likely referring to their intellect. The intellect is a process of the brain and, much of the time, along with our emotions, acts as part of our ego's defense system. The intended function of the intellect was to assess our immediate environment and communicate the information to the body so it could respond in whatever manner was appropriate to protect our physical being.

Read more here: » The Mind: Mind vs. Intellect

The mind is the term most commonly used to describe the higher functions of the human brain, particularly those of which humans are subjectively conscious, such as personality, thought, reason, memory, intelligence and emotion. Although other species of animals share some of these mental capacities, the term is usually used only in relation to humans. It is also used in relation to postulated supernatural beings to which human-like qualities are ascribed, as in the expression "the mind of God." Mind - Theories of the min ...

Including:

• Mind - Theories of the mind
• Mind - Nature of the mind
• Mind - History of the philosophy of the mind
• Mind - Current research

Read more here: » Mind: Encyclopedia - Mind

Mind control is a general term for a number of controversial theories proposing that an individual's thinking, behavior, emotions or decisions can, to a greater or lesser extent, be manipulated at will by outside sources. People who believe they are subject to mind-control are usually psychotic. Suitable doses of anti-psychotic drugs remove the delusion or make it less obtrusive. The principal feasibility of such control and the methods by which it might be attained (either direct or more subtle) are both subject to hot ...

Including:

• Mind control - Theoretical models and methods
• Mind control - Failed attempts: Drugs physical methods Silva method
• Mind control - Subliminal advertising
• Mind control - Lifton brainwashing model
• Mind control - Margaret Singer's conditions for mind control
• Mind control - BITE model of Steven Hassan
• Mind control - Mind Control and the Battered Women Syndrome
• Mind control - Evolutionary Psychology approach
• Mind control - Social psychology tactics
• Mind control - Social psychological conditioning by Stahelski
• Mind control - Cults and mind control controversies
• Mind control - Scholarly points of view
• Mind control - Mind control and exit counseling
• Mind control - Mind control and recruitment rates
• Mind control - Mind control and faith
• Mind control - Counter-cult movement and mind control
• Mind control - Legal issues
• Mind control - Mind control in conspiracy theory
• Mind control - Mind control in fiction
• Mind control - Mind control as entertainment

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In psychology, bicameralism is a controversial theory asserting that the human brain once assumed a state known as a bicameral mind in which cognitive functions are divided between one part of the brain which appears to be "speaking" and a second part that listens and obeys. The idea was proposed in the book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, written by Julian Jaynes in 1976. It suggested that the bicameral mind was the natural state of the human mind as recently as 3000 years ago. ...

Including:

• Bicameralism psychology - The bicameral state
• Bicameralism psychology - Julian Jaynes
• Bicameralism psychology - Breakdown of bicameralism
• Bicameralism psychology - The case for bicameralism
• Bicameralism psychology - Responses
• Bicameralism psychology - Influence
• Bicameralism psychology - Similar ideas
• Bicameralism psychology - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Bicameralism psychology: Encyclopedia - Bicameralism psychology

The notion of an unconscious or subconscious has been defined in a variety of ways over time, but in psychology it is considered to be the deepest level of consciousness, a part of which we are not directly aware, but still contains elements that affect conscious behavior. As defined by Sigmund Freud, the psyche is composed of different levels of consciousness, often defined in three parts as the waking consciousness, preconsciousness (which can be recalled with effort), and beneath both of these, the unconscious (which is beyo ...

Including:

• Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea
• Unconscious mind - Freud's definition
• Unconscious mind - Controversy
• Unconscious mind - Terminology
• Unconscious mind - Unconscious mental processes
• Unconscious mind - Questions about Unconscious mind
• Unconscious mind - Application of unconscious

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In philosophy, the brain in a vat is any of a variety of thought experiments intended to draw out certain features of our ideas of knowledge, reality, truth, mind, and meaning. It is drawn from the idea, common to many science fiction stories, that a mad scientist might remove a person's brain from their body to suspension in a vat of life-sustaining liquid, and connect its neurons by wires to a supercomputer which would provide it with electrical impulses identical to those the brain normally receives. According to such stories, the ...

Including:

• Brain in a vat - Occurrences in popular culture
• Brain in a vat - External link

Read more here: » Brain in a vat: Encyclopedia - Brain in a vat

The term brain implants, also known as neural implants, usually refers to devices of a technological nature that are connected directly to a biological subject's brain - usually placed on the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain's cortex. A common purpose of modern brain implants and the focus of much current research is establishing a biomedical prosthesis circumventing areas in the brain, which became dysfunctional after a stroke or other head injuries. This includes sensory substitution, e.g. in vision. Brain implants inv ...

Including:

• Brain implant - Research
• Brain implant - Historical research on brain implants
• Brain implant - Ethical considerations
• Brain implant - Brain implants in fiction and philosophy
• Brain implant - Further Readings

Read more here: » Brain implant: Encyclopedia - Brain implant

A brain-computer interface (BCI) or direct neural interface is literally a direct technological interface between a brain and a computer not requiring any motor output from the user. That is, neural impulses in the brain are intercepted and used to control an electronic device. This is a rather broad, ill-defined term used to describe many versions of conventional and theoretical interfaces. For purposes of this term, the word 'brain' is understood to imply the physical brain of an organic life form and 'computer' is understood ...

Including:

• Brain-computer interface - Neuroprosthetics
• Brain-computer interface - BCIs in monkeys
• Brain-computer interface - Human BCI research
• Brain-computer interface - Practical BCIs
• Brain-computer interface - Theme in fiction

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Personality psychology is a branch of psychology which studies personality and individual difference processes - that which makes us into a person. One emphasis in personality psychology is on trying to create a coherent picture of a person and all his or her major psychological processes. Another emphasis views personality psychology as the study of individual differences. These two views work together in practice. Personality psychologists are interested in a broad view of the individual's psychological processes. This often leads t ...

Including:

• Personality psychology - What is personality?
• Personality psychology - A typology of personality models
• Personality psychology - Personality theories
• Personality psychology - Trait theories
• Personality psychology - Psychodynamic theories
• Personality psychology - Behaviorist theories
• Personality psychology - Cognitive and social-cognitive theories
• Personality psychology - Humanistic theories
• Personality psychology - Other theories
• Personality psychology - Personality tests
• Personality psychology - Brain Research

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In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical approach to understanding the mind, which argues that mental function can be understood by quantitative, positivist and scientific methods, and that such functions can be described as information processing models. Cognitivism psychology - Theoretical approach. Cognitivism has two major components, one methodological, the other theoretical. Methodologically, cognitivism adopts a positivist approach and the belief that psychology can be (in principle) fully explain ...

Including:

• Cognitivism psychology - Theoretical approach
• Cognitivism psychology - Criticisms of psychological cognitivism

Read more here: » Cognitivism psychology: Encyclopedia - Cognitivism psychology

In 1938, aged 72, English writer H. G. Wells published a little book of essays and speeches titled World Brain. One essay titled "The Idea of a Permanent World Encyclopaedia" is remarkable in presenting a vision very similar to Wikipedia. This essay first appeared in the new Encyclopédie Française, August, 1937. The essay "The Brain Organization of the Modern World" lays out Wells' vision for "...a sort of mental clearing house for the mind, a depot where knowledge and ideas are received, sorted, summarized, digested, ...

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Psyche (Greek ψυχή breathe, blow) used in classic Greek as a synonym for the word soul. Since our culture and mind grew more sophisticated it became necessary to separate the two concepts. Today psyche is the object psychology is dealing with. It is one of the four parts that makes the sum total of the non-physical aspects of a human being; the others are consciousness, mind and soul. Whilst psyche only exists in the body and is connec ...

Including:

• Psyche psychology - Acknowledgement

Read more here: » Psyche psychology: Encyclopedia - Psyche psychology

Brain fingerprinting is a technique that measures recognition of familiar stimuli by measuring electrical brain wave responses to words, phrases, or pictures that are presented on a computer screen. Brain fingerprinting was invented by Dr. Lawrence Farwell. The theory is that the suspect's reaction to the details of an event or activity will reflect if the suspect had prior knowledge of the event or activity. This test uses the Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic Response to detect familiarity reaction. It ...

Including:

• Brain fingerprinting - Background and terminology
• Brain fingerprinting - Justification
• Brain fingerprinting - Criticisms
• Brain fingerprinting - Ethical considerations
• Brain fingerprinting - Conflicting evidence
• Brain fingerprinting - Current uses and research

Read more here: » Brain fingerprinting: Encyclopedia - Brain fingerprinting

Biological psychology may be looked at as a hybrid of neuroscience and psychology. Practitioners of biological psychology may use their knowledge of the brain, from neurotransmitters to the cerebral cortex to treat their patients. Others may use this knowledge to search for biological causes for common mental illnesses, such as depression and schizophrenia. Many psychologists focus largely on the mental processes of their patients. Biological psychologists work on the basis that there is an organic basis to mental processes, an ...

Including:

• Biological psychology - Biopsychology
• Biological psychology - Divisions of psychobiology and biological psychology:
• Biological psychology - Related Topics

Read more here: » Biological psychology: Encyclopedia - Biological psychology

Brain - Fields of study. Several areas of science specifically study the brain. Neuroscience seeks to understand the nervous system, including the brain, from a biological and computational perspective. Psychology seeks to understand behavior and the brain. The terms neurology and psychiatry usually refer to medical applications of neuroscience and psychology respectively. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The study of the brain