Encyclopedia - History Of Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Psychology - Scientific Psychology
In 1879 Wilhelm Wundt founded a laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany, specifically to focus on general and basic questions ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Psychology - Prescientific Psychology
The Ebers papyrus (ca 1550 BC) contains a short description of clinical depression. Though full of incantations and foul applications mea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - History
Main article: History of psychology Rudolf Goclenius, a German scholastic philosopher, is credited with inventing the term 'psychology' (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia - Psychology
Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - History
Main article: History of psychology The late 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is comm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Comparative Psychology: Encyclopedia - Comparative Psychology
Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad sense, refers to the study of the behaviour and mental life of animals other than ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Psychological Society: Encyclopedia - American Psychological Society
The American Psychological Society (APS) is a society for scientific psychology, whose mission is to "promote, protect, and advance the i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Process Oriented Psychology: Encyclopedia - Process Oriented Psychology
Process Oriented Psychology refers to a body of theory and practice that encompasses a broad range of psychotherapeutic, personal growth,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heterosexuality: Encyclopedia - Heterosexuality
Biological factors / Choice / Environment Demographics / History Gender role / Gender identity Human sexual behavior / Animal sexuality C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Unconscious Mind: Encyclopedia - Unconscious Mind
The notion of an unconscious or subconscious has been defined in a variety of ways over time, but in psychology it is considered to be th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Art Therapy: Encyclopedia - Art Therapy
Art therapy is a type of psychotherapy that uses art-making and creativity to increase emotional well-being. Art therapy combines traditi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tarot: Encyclopedia - Tarot
As discussed in more detail below, the Tarot is usually a deck of 78 cards composed of: the major arcana, consisting of 21 trump cards a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William James: Encyclopedia - William James
William James (January 11, 1842, New York – August 26, 1910, Chocorua, New Hampshire) was a pioneering psychologist and philosopher. He...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divorce: Encyclopedia - Divorce
Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse, which can be contrasted with an annulme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weapon: Encyclopedia - Weapon
A weapon is a tool which can be used during combat to kill or incapacitate, to destroy property, or to otherwise render resources non-fun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia - Masturbation
Masturbation is the manual excitation of the sexual organs, most often to the point of orgasm. It can refer to excitation either by onese...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cognitive Science: Encyclopedia - Cognitive Science
Cognitive science is usually defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994). Practically every intro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia - War
War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Psychology - Overview
The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psyc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Psychology - History
The history of psychology and homosexuality begins with the advent of psychology itself. The diagnosis of homosexuality as a psychologica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychological Warfare: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychological Warfare - History Of Psychological Warfare
Although not always accredited as the first practitioner of psychological warfare, Alexander the Great of Macedon undoubtedly showed to b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - History Of Educational Psychology
Educational psychology cannot claim priority in the systematic analysis of educational processes. Philosophers of education such as Democ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Process Oriented Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Process Oriented Psychology - History
Process Work was founded by Arnold Mindell, then a Jungian analyst, in the late 1970’s. It has its origin in Mindell’s observation th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Sex: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Sex - Psychology And Sex
Especially before the development of dependable methods of contraception, the control of sexual behavior was of extreme practical importa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Sex: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Sex - Psychology And Sex
Especially before the development of dependable methods of contraception, the control of sexual behavior was of extreme practical importa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Hypnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Hypnosis - Beginnings Of Formal Psychological Studies
History of hypnosis - Jean-Martin Charcot. The neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) endorsed hypnotism for the treatment of hyst...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Comparative Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Comparative Psychology - Comparative Psychology And The Comparative Method
Strictly speaking, comparative psychology ought to involve the use of a comparative method, in which similar studies are carried out on a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychological Warfare: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychological Warfare - Information Age
As these techniques impinged on the civilian realm, the threat grew, and the paranoia of this idea that the government could wage psychol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychological Warfare: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychological Warfare - Propaganda Warfare
Most of the events throughout history involving psychological warfare utilized tactics that instilled fear or a sense of awe towards the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Research Methods
The research methods used in educational psychology tend to be drawn from psychology and other social sciences. There is also a history o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Careers In Educational Psychology
A person may be considered an educational psychologist if he or she has completed a graduate degree in educational psychology or a closel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Learning And Cognition
Several perspectives have been established within which the theories used in educational psychology are formed and contested. These inclu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Social Moral And Cognitive Development
To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and appl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Individual Differences And Disabilities
Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning and development. These manif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Educational Psychology For Instructional Design And Technology
In task analysis, often regarded as a behavioral approach to designing learning materials and activities, complex performance goals are a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Psychology - Issues
The declassification of homosexuality has largely ended the discussion of homosexuality as a mental disorder, at least among mental healt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Comparative Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Comparative Psychology - Disorders Of Animal Behaviour
Today an animal's psychological constitution is recognised by veterinary surgeons as an important part of its living conditions in domest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Comparative Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Comparative Psychology - Noted Comparative Psychologists
Noted comparative psychologists, in this broad sense, include: George Romanes C. Lloyd Morgan Edward L. Thorndike Ivan Pavlov John B. Wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Careers In Educational Psychology
A person may be considered an educational psychologist if he or she has completed a graduate degree in educational psychology or a closel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Social Moral And Cognitive Development
To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and appl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Motivation
Motivation is an internal state that arouses, guides and sustains behavior. Educational psychology research on motivation is concerned wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Individual Differences And Disabilities
Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning and development. These manif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Educational Psychology For Instructional Design And Technology
In task analysis, often regarded as a behavioral approach to designing learning materials and activities, complex performance goals are a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Psychological Society: Encyclopedia Ii - American Psychological Society - Conferences
The first APS Convention was held in Alexandria, Virginia on June 10-12, 1989. The convention is held annually in May or June. The 18th A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Learning And Cognition
Two fundamental assumptions that underly formal education systems are that students (a) retain knowledge and skills they acquire in schoo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Process Oriented Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Process Oriented Psychology - Core Ideas Of Process Work
Although Process Work has been applied both to therapeutic situations and to others, such as conflict resolution, that are not generally ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Process Oriented Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Process Oriented Psychology - Levels Of Experience
Viewing experience on the primary-secondary axis tends to emphasize the polarities in the client’s experience, rather than its unity. O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shapeshifting Fiction: Encyclopedia Ii - Shapeshifting Fiction - Psychology Of Transformation Fiction
Transformation fiction (TF fiction) occurs most commonly in the science fiction, fantasy and horror genres, though examples show up in ot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ib Group 3 Subjects: Encyclopedia Ii - Ib Group 3 Subjects - History
The IB Diploma Programme History course generally focuses on the political history of the 20th century. At Standard Level, this is the on...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ib Group 3 Subjects: Encyclopedia Ii - Ib Group 3 Subjects - Economics
The syllabus of the Economics course is divided into four sections - microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics, and develop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatry - History
Psychiatric illnesses are sometimes characterised as disorders of the mind rather than the brain, although the distinction is not always ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heterosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Heterosexuality - History And Demographics
The prevalence of exclusive heterosexuality has varied over the centuries and also from culture to culture. See Demographics of sexual or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Behavioral Finance: Encyclopedia Ii - Behavioral Finance - History
During the classical period, economics had a close link with psychology. For example, Adam Smith wrote an important text describing psych...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tarot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tarot - Psychology
Carl Jung was the first psychologist to attach importance to the Tarot. He may have regarded the Tarot cards as representing archetypes: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Institute Of Psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Institute Of Psychiatry - History
The IOP shares a great deal of its history with the Maudsley Hospital, with which it shares the location of its main building. Originally...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tarot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tarot - Divination
Divination, or fortune-telling, is by far the most popular and well-known use of the Tarot in the English-speaking world. This is sometim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heterosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Heterosexuality - Psychological Factors Relating To Sexuality
Main article: Sexual orientation A broad array of opinion holds that much human behavior ultimately is explainable in terms of natural se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William James: Encyclopedia Ii - William James - Professional Career
James studied medicine, physiology, and biology, and began to teach in those subjects, but was drawn to the scientific study of the human...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spathi: Encyclopedia Ii - Spathi - Physiology And Psychology
Of all creatures familiar to humans, the Spathi are most similar to Earth mollusks. Although many compare them to squid, notably the Capt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sociobiological Theories Of Rape: Encyclopedia Ii - Sociobiological Theories Of Rape - Rape As An Adaptation Among Humans
Sociobiological theories of rape - A Natural History of Rape. The idea that rape evolved as a genetically advantageous behavioral adapt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heterosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Heterosexuality - Slang
The term "straight" is an ordinary (nontechnical) English word used to describe a heterosexual person, although the term appears to have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychotherapy - History
Most psychotherapies are either direct descendants of psychoanalysis, or their founders started out in areas of psychoanalysis before dev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Disparity In Sexual Relationships: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Disparity In Sexual Relationships - History
Historically, unequal pairings are quite common, if not the rule. In Classical Greece men would typically marry around the age of thirty,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tarot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tarot - Symbolism
The Tarot has a complex and rich symbolism with a long history. Such history is not impenetrable. Contrary to what many popular authors c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spathi: Encyclopedia Ii - Spathi - History
All Spathi technology was developed as a response to fear. For example, the Spathi developed starflight to get off their planet and away ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Studies: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Studies - Intellectual Foundation And Background
Before religious studies became a field in its own right, several key intellectual figures explored religion from a variety of perspectiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William James: Encyclopedia Ii - William James - List Of Major Works
Collections William James: Writings 1878-1899, Library of America, 1212 p., (1992) ISBN 0940450720 Psychology: Briefer Course (rev. and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Factor Analysis: Encyclopedia Ii - Factor Analysis - Factor Analysis In Psychometrics
Factor analysis - History. Charles Spearman pioneered the use of factor analysis in the field of psychology and is sometimes credited w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William James: Encyclopedia Ii - William James - Writings
William James wrote voluminously throughout his life; a fairly complete bibliography of his writings by John McDermott is 47 pages long (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mind: Encyclopedia Ii - Mind - Theories Of The Mind
There are many theories of what the mind is and how it works, dating back to Plato, Aristotle and other Ancient Greek philosophers. Pre-s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tarot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tarot - The Tarot Deck
The typical 78-card tarot deck is structured into two distinct parts. The first, called the Major Arcana, consists of 21 cards without su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adx Florence: Encyclopedia Ii - Adx Florence - Controversy
ADX Florence - Psychological Effects. Many have argued that the psychological effects of long-term solitary confinement can be devastat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia Ii - War - History Of War
Asymmetric · Attrition · Conventional · Ground · Guerrilla · Fortification · Maneuver · Naval · Network-centric · Siege · Tota...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Studies: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Studies - Components Of Religious Studies
Religious studies scholars approach the subject across many contexts and disciplines. Depending on what aspect of religion is to be studi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mind: Encyclopedia Ii - Mind - Theories Of The Mind
There are many theories of what the mind is and how it works, dating back to Plato, Aristotle and other Ancient Greek philosophers. Pre-s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Studies: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Studies - History Of Religious Studies
Interest in the general study of religion dates back to at least Hecataeus of Miletus (ca. 550 BCE – ca. 476 BCE) and Herodotus (ca. 48...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia Ii - War - Limitations On War
At times throughout history, societies have attempted to limit the cost of war by formalizing it in some way. Limitations on the targetin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maurice Merleau-ponty: Encyclopedia Ii - Maurice Merleau-ponty - Thematic Overview Of His Works
Maurice Merleau-Ponty - The primacy of perception. From the time of writing Structure of Behavior and Phenomenology of Perception, Merl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Masturbation In History And Society
Masturbation - Antiquity. There are depictions of male masturbation in prehistoric rock paintings around the world, though these are al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Masturbation In History And Society
Masturbation - Antiquity. There are depictions of male masturbation in prehistoric rock paintings around the world, though these are al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia Ii - War - Morality Of War
Throughout history, war has been the source of serious moral questions. Although many ancient nations and some more modern ones viewed wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology Of Torture: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology Of Torture - Background
Torture is common in situations where disparities in interpersonal power and control occur. It is a well known theme in religious, politi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Masturbation Techniques
Ways of masturbating common to members of both sexes include pressing or rubbing the genital area against an object, such as a pillow, in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Masturbation Techniques
Ways of masturbating common to members of both sexes include pressing or rubbing the genital area, either with the fingers or against an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia Ii - War - History Of War
"Warfare is the greatest affair of state, the basis of life and death, the Tao to survival or extinction. It must be thouroughly pondered...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Hypnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Hypnosis - Modern Applications
History of hypnosis - Platanov Pavlov and Russian Applications. Russian medicine has had extensive experience with obstetric hypnosis. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sociobiological Theories Of Rape: Encyclopedia Ii - Sociobiological Theories Of Rape - Criticisms
Sociobiological theories of rape - Criticisms from within evolutionary psychology. The distinguished proponent of evolutionary psycholo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War: Encyclopedia Ii - War - Causes Of War
There is great debate over why wars happen, even when most people do not want them to. Representatives of many different academic discipl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics - Political Power
Many questions surround the political notion of power with both positive and negative aspects attached to it. Generally, power is conside...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Health And Psychological Effects
It is held in many mental health circles that masturbation can relieve depression and lead to a higher sense of self-worth. Masturbation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masturbation: Encyclopedia Ii - Masturbation - Health And Psychological Effects
It is held in many mental health circles that masturbation can relieve depression and lead to a higher sense of self-worth. Masturbation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatry - Contrast With Psychology
Psychiatry is practised by psychiatrists, who are medical doctors specializing in mental illness and who are therefore trained to prescri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatry - Contrast With Psychology
Psychiatry is practised by psychiatrists, who are medical doctors specializing in mental illness and who are therefore trained to prescri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Harassment: Encyclopedia Ii - Harassment - History
Harassment - United States. In 1964, the United States Congress passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, prohibiting discrimination at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Scope Of Psychology
Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. Below are t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Scope Of Psychology
Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. Below are t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Criticisms Of Psychology
Although modern mainstream psychology largely endeavors to be a scientific endeavor, the field has a history of controversy. Some critici...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Criticisms Of Psychology
Although modern mainstream psychology largely attempts to be a scientific endeavor, the field has a history of controversy. Some criticis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Research Methods
Psychology is conducted both scientifically and non-scientifically, but is to a large extent wholly rigorous. Mainstream psychology is ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Principles Of Psychology
Psychology - Mind and brain. Psychology does not necessarily refer to the brain or nervous system and can be framed purely in terms of ...   » Read the article