Psychology - Controlled experiments

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - Scope of psychology

Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. Below are the major areas of inquiry that comprise psychology. A comprehensive list of the sub-fields and areas within psychology can be found at the list of psychological topics and list of psychology disciplines. Psychology - Biological basis: the brain. Main articles: Behavioral neuroscience, Cognitive neurosci ...

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Psychology - Scope of psychology

Psychology - Research methods

Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Why are we moved to do what we do? � Part II

Once the basic needs of life are met, most people turn to the pursuit of pleasure, fun, and enjoyment. These include finding comfortable places to relax and rest, tasty food and drink, entertainment, recreation, sports, arts, socializing, romance, taking consciousness-altering substances such as caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs.

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Indigos The Evolution of the Gifted Child

When I was young I read books and saw television shows based upon the lives of famous people. Even as a young child, I saw the paradoxes. One person makes a global success out of meager beginnings while another squanders a fortune in reputation as well as money. I wondered why. Is it fate or luck that determines success? Is it predestination or windfall that determines a well-lived life?

Read more here: » Indigo Children: Indigos The Evolution of the Gifted Child

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Mind control

Mind control is a general term for a number of controversial theories proposing that an individual's thinking, behavior, emotions or decisions can, to a greater or lesser extent, be manipulated at will by outside sources. People who believe they are subject to mind-control are usually psychotic. Suitable doses of anti-psychotic drugs remove the delusion or make it less obtrusive. The principal feasibility of such control and the methods by which it might be attained (either direct or more subtle) are both subject to hot ...

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Mind control - Theoretical models and methods

Mind control - Cults and mind control controversies

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - William Sargant

William Walters Sargant (April 24, 1907 - August 27, 1988), British psychiatrist, Founder and Director of the Department of Psychological Medicine at St Thomas' Hospital in London, where he established a laboratory for mind control experiments. He was also a consultant to the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI5/MI6). William Sargant was a pioneer in methods of placing false memories into patients. He attested at the 1977 U.S. Senate hearing, "that the therapist should deliberately distort the facts of the patient's life-ex ...

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Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Auditory imagery

In psychology and neuropsychology, auditory imagery is the subjective experience of hearing in the absence of auditory stimulation. It occurs when one mentally rehearses telephone numbers, or has a song "on the brain": the phenomenon is usually defined to be spontaneous (that is, not under direct conscious control); it can be distressing. Auditory imagery is used by neuropsychologists for investigating aspects of human cognition. Writing in Nature, David J. M. Kraemer and coworkers use magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether the auditory cortex ...

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Auditory imagery - Reference

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Motivation

In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

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Motivation - Types of motivation

Motivation - Controlling motivation

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Asch conformity experiments

The Asch conformity experiments were a series of studies that starkly demonstrated the power of conformity in groups. Experimenters led by Solomon Asch asked students to participate in a "vision test." In reality, all but one of the participants were confederates of the experimenter, and the study was really about how the remaining student would react to the confederates' behavior. The participants — the real subject and the confederates — were all seated in a classroom where they were told to announce their judgment ...

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Originally concerned with infants and children, and later other periods of great change such as adolescence and aging, it now encompases the entire life span. This field examines change across a broad range of topics including: motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes, problem solving abilities, conceptual understanding, acquis ...

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Developmental psychology - Theory

Developmental psychology - Aspects of development

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Experimental control

Experimental controls are used in scientific experiments to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome. Controls are needed to eliminate alternate explanations of experimental results. For example, suppose a researcher feeds an experimental artificial sweetener to thirty laboratory rats and observes that eight of them subsequently die of dehydration. The underlying cause of death could be the sweetener itself or something unrelated. Perhaps the rats were simply not supplied with enough water; or t ...

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Kinesiology

Kinesiology is the study of human movement. The theory of kinesiology encompasses the study of the biological components of human movement including the anatomical, physiological, neurological, biochemical, and biomechanical. Also studied is the relationship between the quality of human movement and the overall health of the human organism. Theoretical knowledge of kinesiology is applied in many areas including physical therapy, occupational therapy, chiropractic, osteopathy, exercise physiology,massage therapy and ergon ...

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Cargo cult science

Cargo cult science is a term used by Richard Feynman in his 1974 Caltech commencement address to describe work that has the semblance of being scientific, but is missing "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty". The speech is reproduced in the book Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! : Adventures of a Curious Character (Norton, 1985) and on many web sites. He based the phrase on a concept in anthropology, the cargo cult. Feynman cautioned that to ...

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Choice theory

The term Choice Theory is closely associated with the work of Dr. William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice theory is also a discipline of analyzing the mathematical nature of the choice behavior of economic agents in microeconomics. For choice theory in economics, see rational choice theory. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, sh ...

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Gestalt therapy

Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy, based on the experiential ideal of "here and now," and relationships with others and the world. Drawing on the ideas of humanistic psychology, the school of Gestalt therapy was co-founded by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman in the 1940s-1950s. It is related to but not identical to Gestalt psychology and the Gestalt psychology-based Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy of Hans-Juergen Walter. Gestalt therapy - General description. The school of Gestalt therap ...

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Gestalt therapy - Psychotherapeutic bases

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that Abraham Maslow proposed in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation, which he subsequently extended. His theory contends that as humans meet 'basic needs', they seek to satisfy successively 'higher needs' that occupy a set hierarchy. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people, writing that "the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology an ...

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Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Near-death experience

A near-death experience (NDE) is the perception reported by a person who nearly died or who was clinically dead and revived. They are somewhat common, especially since the development of cardiac resuscitation techniques, and are reported in approximately one-fifth of persons who revive from clinical death. The experience often includes an out-of-body experience. The phenomenology of an NDE usually includes physiological, psychological and transcendental factors (Parnia, Waller, Yeates & Fenwick, 2001) such as subject ...

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Near-death experience - Spiritual and psychological after-effects

Psychology - Controlled experiments: Encyclopedia - Altered state of consciousness

The phrase "altered state of consciousness" was coined in the 1970s and describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered states of awareness". An altered state of consciousness can come about accidentally through fever, sleep deprivation, starvation, oxygen deprivation, nitrogen narcosis (deep diving), or a traumatic accident. Intentionally it can sometimes be reached by the use of a sensory deprivation tank or mind-control techniques, hypnosis, meditation, prayer, or dis ...

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